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Human Nature in St. Augustine
Šavel, Tibor ; Vopřada, David (advisor) ; Ventura, Václav (referee)
The thesis deals with St. Augustineś concept of human nature from the anthropological perspective and in its relation to Godś grace. It is based on a detailed description of the period in which St. Augustine lived; both in terms of a school of thoughts of educated classes of the Roman Empire and in terms of general relations among people of that era. This matter becomes more apparent in a polemic with other contemporary concepts about mans salvation.
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Schopenhauer's View of Human
Najman, Jiří ; Blažková, Miloslava (advisor) ; Hogenová, Anna (referee)
7 Abstract The aim of this thesis is to clear up the role of human in Schopenhauer's philosophical thinking. This goal could have been achieved only by clarifying the world's metaphysical substance. This substance proved to be the cruel will that manifests itself through the platonic ideas. It was shown that each human being is part of this eternal substance. Intellect, as explained in the thesis, is primarily mere instrument of the will designed to deliver motives. For this reason, the majority of people in different ways continually keep satisfying thein needs, therefore almost everyone enjoys the opinion of will affirmation. People constantly succumb to disilusion, which proved to be egoism. Therefore, what appears to be the greatest good for most of us is actually only good for the evil substance. Blind will plays with us so fraudulent and truly perverse game that most of us can never win. However, I have pointed out that there were some individuals who had been endowed by excessively developed intellect power. Only this paradoxically almost unnaturally developed power of intellect can lead to knowledge that the blind will in its game with people plays unfairly. I also presented three groups of people who are capable of that kind of knowledge. The first group are genius people who can plunge into a...
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Problem of Grace in St. Augustin
Spiegelová, Veronika ; Rybák, David (advisor) ; Hauser, Michael (referee)
This bachelor thesis deals with St. Augustine and his theology of grace. It briefly introduces the context of Augustine's philosophy, explains the basic terms, and mainly focuses on the interpretation of Augustine's study of grace. It first analyses the thoughts and ideas of Saint Paul, the Apostle, which are relevant to the subject. Then it moves on to explaining the continuous development of Augustine's study of grace: how it is portrayed in his early works, the way in which it developed in his argument with Pelagius, and finally it introduces Augustine's most radical idea - the concept of predestination from his work To Simplician. The last part of the thesis covers the corresponding topic of love, specifically the love of neighbour, as it is discussed by Hannah Arendth in her work Love and Saint Augustine.
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Metaphysical essentials of Ladislav Klíma's philosophy
Kratochvíl, Jan ; Hogenová, Anna (referee) ; Rybák, David (referee)
This work focuses on the analysi s of methaphysical philosophy of a Czech writer and philosopher Ladislav Klíma. It studies his discourse with older philosophical tradition and his own sources of inspiration and demonstrates essential contradictions of the resulting philosophy - egosolism. The main focus of this work is in analysis of the transition of a certain methaphysical view on the world to ethical challenge and criticism of Christian faith as Klíma understood it. It is rather emotional than rational as Klíma's literary works show. They are also used to demonstrate his adherence to traditional methaphysical points of view. The final part of this work sums up Klíma's philosophical ideas from which inevitably stem these contradictions. A way of reading Klíma's body of work is offered which is indifferent to incoherences of Klíma's intelectual construct.
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Problem of Woman's Nature
Průšková, Adéla ; Hogenová, Anna (advisor) ; Rybák, David (referee)
The main subject of this thesis is feminine nature. The goal is to capture the essence of womanhood in the entirety of the world. There is a difference between the experience of a woman's life and the world around her. We must therefore ask how the world around us is set up, what nature itself entails, how the society views a woman and how a woman views herself. The work is divided into three main parts. The first part deals with the nature according to two of the most important thinkers of antiquity: Plato and Aristotle. The second section examines the nature and essence of womanhood as viewed by the French philosopher Simone de Beauvoir. In the final part, we discuss some of the phenomena related to the issue of womanhood nowadays, such as physicality, dignity, human culture and responsibility. The whole work shows that it is essential for us to demand freedom of self-realization which along with the need for cooperation of both genders in establishing basic rules of the world that men and women inhabit together, provides for women to self-realize freely in harmony with their own experience of the world. Keywords woman, nature, physis, freedom, the wholeness of the world, man's world, woman's world, transcendence
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Will-traits and self-education of students
Kačena, Petr ; Uhlář, Pavel (advisor) ; Kebza, Vladimír (referee)
The bachelor thesis deals with volition, will traits and self-education of students. Volition is understood as a synthetic function of personality, evolutionary highest function of self-regulation and a limited cognitive source. Will traits are considered an outer manifestation of will, self-education (especially its Czech equivalent) is considered an outdated term that is being replaced by similar topics of research such as procrastination. Several philosophical and psychological concepts of will and self-regulation are outlined. Author concieves much of them similar, suggesting emotional, impulsive system (thymos, id, hot system) is usually put opposite to a rational system (logos, ego, cool system). Succesful self-regulation is therefore based on an ability to master the emomotional, hot system. Another part of the paper deals specifically with self-education and variables that are affecting it (individual traits, motives, time and stress, role of a teacher and group). Several methods of self-education are described: self-discovery, formulation of educational goals, precommitment, implementation intention, creating of a habit, reaching flow. The paper ends with a research proposal, that would measure individual differences of students in terms of personality traits (especially self-control and...
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