|
|
Synthetic projective geometry
Zamboj, Michal ; Krump, Lukáš (advisor) ; Janyška, Josef (referee) ; Velichová, Daniela (referee)
A synthetic approach to the construction of projective geometry, its methods and selected results are given in the proposed thesis. The main historical drawbacks of the original proof of Chasles's theorem for non-developable ruled surfaces and von Staudt's formalization of projective geometry are commented. The corre- sponding theoretical background is elaborated on visual demonstrations with the accent to interrelations of classical synthetic, axiomatic and analytic points of view. Synthetic methods of projective geometry and their mixture with analytic methods are described on examples including numerous alternative proofs and generalizations of some theorems. A method of four-dimensional visualization is introduced in details. Elementary constructions of images of points, lines, planes and 3-spaces are followed by models of polychora, their sections and shadows. Chasles's theorem is proven for non-developable ruled quadrics on synthetic vi- sualizations, then generalized and proven within the pure projective framework for algebraic surfaces. The synthetic classification of regular quadrics is derived from descriptive geometry constructions of sections of four-dimensional cones and analytically verified in the projective extension of the real space. An integral part of the thesis is a...
|
|
|
Extruded fibers ovality measurement
Loučka, Pavel ; Procházková, Jana (referee) ; Štarha, Pavel (advisor)
One of the important parameters observed during extruded fibre fabrication is its diameter. The diameter can be measured with a single scanning camera assuming that the fibre section has a circular shape. As proved in practice, another important parameter is ovality, that is the rate of fibre flattening. This paper assumes that the fibre section shape is elliptical. In such a case, at least three different views on examined fibre are needed. This paper deals with analytical description of fibre ovality measurement using two different approaches based on the principles of linear algebra and projective geometry. As a result, a considerable part of the work is devoted to these branches of mathematics with particular regard to analytical conics theory. Additionally, the work contains a brief mention of technical realization of ovality measurement and its possible difficulties.
|
|
|
Projective geometry codes
Požárková, Zuzana ; Drápal, Aleš (advisor) ; Holub, Štěpán (referee)
In the presented work we define a class of error-correcting codes based on incidence vectors of projective geometries, including the necessary basis of coding theory and projective geometries. A detailed calculation is performed to show the dimension of these codes. In conclusion we concern ourselves with majority decoding. This work is a summary of the results of some known authors engaged in this field. We continue on some of these results and we present evidence of some of the statements, which have been proven differently by other authors.
|
|
|
Movement Identification in the Space
Šolony, Marek ; Beran, Vítězslav (referee) ; Potúček, Igor (advisor)
The aim of this paper is to suggest optical system capable of movement identification in space and its reconstruction. The motion capture system uses markers attached to parts of human body, and a camera pair to capture the movement. This paper describes step-by-step parts of this system. Epipolar geometry is used to deal with problem of object correspondence between two views.
|
|
|
Uniform Marker Field on a Cylinder
Kříž, Radim ; Havel, Jiří (referee) ; Herout, Adam (advisor)
This work presents a new extension for Uniform Marker Field, which is able to detect UMF on the cylinder. First part of the text deals with Augmented reality and focuses on systems using markers. It discusses the actual state-of-the-art systems and its possibilities. After that it focuses more deeply on the marker system Uniform marker field and its grayscale variants. Next part of the work describes properties of the cylinder projected in real space. Important properties for detecting are discussed in detail. Then the proposal and description of detection algorithm is presented. Implementation of algorithm is tested and evaluated on the very end of this thesis.
|
|
|
Geometrochemistry vs Soft Computing of Mendeleev's Brain
Gottvald, Aleš
The role of projective geometry in nature remains somewhat enigmatic for centuries. It is very strange indeed, as the projective geometry is the mother of all geometries with more restrictive symmetry groups, as clearly recognized yet by seminal insights of Felix Klein, Arthur Cayley, Paul Dirac and other eminent scientists. We usually imagine that Euclidean geometry is primary for the geometrization of our (nonrelativistic) spaces, and the Euclidean-Pythagorean metric is natural for measuring the distances in such a space. However, how to measure distances in spaces associated with statistical thermodynamics or quantum mechanics? We show that projective geometry and associated "geometrochemistry" is manifest in nature. In particular, it offers a novel soft-computing rationale for recovering basic structure of Mendeleev's periodic table of chemical elements, and elucidates some mysteries of brain information processing, including a new understanding of Artificial Neural Networks.
|
|
|
Projective Geometry and the Law of Mass Action
Gottvald, Aleš
A new law of nature asserts that chemical equilibria and chemical kinetics are governed by fundamental principles of projective geometry. The equilibrium constans of chemical reactions are the invariants of projective geometry in disguise. Chemical reactions may geometrically be represented by incidence structures, which are preserved under projective transformations. Theorems of Ceva, Menelaus, and Carnot for triangles and n-gons represent the chemical equilibria, while Routh's theorem represents non-equilibria. Intrinsically projective Riccati's differential equation, being also generic to many other equations of mathematical physics, governs parametric dependence of the equilibrium constants. The theory offers tangible geometrizations and generalizations to the Law of Mass Action, including a new projective-geometric approach to soft computing of very complex problems.
|
|
| |
|
|
Projektivní geometrie - náhled z vyšší dimenze
Gottvald, Aleš
Upon recognizing principal and ubiquitous role of projective geometry in theory and applications, we select some of its basic concepts and ideas (homogeneous coordinates, Möbius transformation, cross-ratio, Cayley's hyperbolic distance, ...), and show their first metamorphoses.
|
|
| |
guest ::
