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The ethics of garden
Javorská, Michala ; Sládek, Karel (advisor) ; Mašek, Vojtěch (referee)
The goal of this diploma thesis called "Ethics of the Garden" is to introduce the ecological-ethical issue and the closely related question about the role of a mankind in the world. First of all, the main aim is to introduce the ecological-ethical concept of the American author Michael Pollan. In this concept, a garden is viewed as a source of elementary ethical principals that are applicable in the relationship of mankind to nature. That is why it is called "Ethics of the Garden". The practical part of the thesis is dedicated to the individual principles of this concept. It introduces its characteristics and it also gives specific examples of the practical application of the principles of the "Ethics of the garden" within the context of central Europe. Here only very few original ecosystems (untouched by human intervention) have survived and it is hard to find an ideal solution for the coexistence of mankind and nature. Keywords ecological ethics, environmental ethics, ethics of the garden, environment, nature, culture, civilization, intervention in nature, primary and secondary nature
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Savagery in The Inheritors and the Lord of the Flies by William Golding
Juranková, Miriam ; Higgins, Bernadette (advisor) ; Chalupský, Petr (referee)
Savagery in The Inheritors and the Lord of the Flies by William Golding Bachelor thesis, Bc. Miriam Juranková, 2016 ABSTRACT William Golding dedicated his life's work to an exploration of man's nature. The primary themes of most of his novels are the conflict between civilization and savagery, good and evil and the question of the source of evil within man. This thesis focuses on his first two and most well-known novels: Lord of the Flies and The Inheritors. The objective of this thesis is to analyse the theme of savagery in these books. The aim of this thesis is to infer what Golding intends to convey concerning the nature of man and to analyse how he understands and views savagery. The theoretical foundation of this thesis is based on a comprehensive definition of the terms civilization, savagery and barbarism derived from their etymology and their meaning within various social sciences; and Golding's own ethical doctrine established in his works. Other sources include works focused on literary analysis of Golding's novels, interviews and articles written about Golding's life and work and naturally both the novels analysed. Key words: savagery, savage instinct, civilizing instinct, civilization, barbarism, morality, innate evil, man's nature, cruelty, William Golding, Lord of the Flies, The Inheritors
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Plastic Age - plastics as a legitimate part of the arts and art education
Rokosová, Magdaléna ; Velíšek, Martin (advisor) ; Sedlák, Michal (referee)
Rokosová Magdaléna: Plastic Age - plastic as a legitimate part of the arts and art education [thesis], Prague 2015 - Charles university in Prague, Faculty of education, department of art This diploma thesis is focused on mapping the potential of synthetic or semi- synthetic polymeric materials as specific means for fine art and art education. The theoretical part summarizes the crucial moments and the possibility of using plastics in applied arts (design) as well as in free creation and their everyday use in various fields and the resulting significant determination of our lives with these materials, including adverse effects on human health and our planet. Didactic series uses the appropriate means with regard to addressing the topics and the target group of pupils in second level primary school. It gently draws attention to the amount of plastic waste produced, and also presents the possibility of using these materials for creative work. The artistic section is focused on original works of fine art with the use of synthetic materials and verifying their expected potential. Its content is mainly engaged in the contrast of artificial and natural world and the question of whether these two seemingly distant worlds are really separable.
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The Currents of History and Civilizations
Léwová, Dana ; Pinc, Zdeněk (advisor) ; Arnason, Johann Pall (referee)
This thesis outlines some basic approaches in the field of comparative civilizational analysis in the works of Jóhann P. Árnason and Jaroslav Krejčí in the confrontation with Jan Patočka's philosophy of history. Those theoretical bases are put into a wider historical context and historical relations in casuistic studies, narrowed to the civilizational area of the Middle East, especially Mesopotamia and Syria-Palestine and also the Aegean-Greek area. This work emphasizes the inevitable interconnection of generally conceived civilizational analysis, or historical sociology, with specific historiography. Individual detaching of theoretical concepts is understood as a relic of blind reductionism and determinism which is strongly rejected by philosophy of history which tries to focus on the phenomenon of historicity instead of historical chronologies. Nevertheless, without the support of empirical reality even philosophy of history would become a mere philosophical rumination. The connected interdisciplinary approach is the only way how to figure out the historical / civilizational sense, "between the past and the future" and to create continual cultural memory from the awareness of relations to the relation of awareness.
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The theme of dictatorship in Argentinian literary works Amalia, El matadero and Facundo
Baranecká, Lenka ; Poláková, Dora (advisor) ; Housková, Anna (referee)
(in English) This Bachelor's Thesis is occupied with three argentinian literary works that are summarrized into the dictatorial prose. The examined works are El matadero written by Esteban Echeverría, Facundo by Domingo Faustino Sarmiento and Amalia by José Mármol. In the initial part the argentinian history is described, short biographies of all three authors are included as well as the characteristic of literary geners and the period in which the works were written and a short treatise about the dictatorial prose in general. In the practical part the three works are analysed and the author is focused on the symbols of the dictatorship; in El matadero mainly on the description of the teror and atmosphere, in Amalia on the figure of the dictator and in Facundo the focus is on the difference between the civilization and barbarism which is the reason of the problems according to Sarmiento. Every work is different in genre and plot and that is why in the analysis of each of them the author analyses a variety of the important symbols in which she sees what connects them. In the final part she evaluates her findings.
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Indians as the Imminent Threat: The Portayal of indians in Captivity Narratives
Brožová, Tereza ; Robbins, David Lee (advisor) ; Veselá, Pavla (referee)
in English This particular MA thesis concentrates on the portrayal of Indians in captivity narratives of the early seventeenth and eighteenth centuries, the essential source material being Narrative of the Captivity and Restoration of Mrs. Mary Rowlandson, first published in 1682. The thesis explores the relationship between Native Americans and settlers who saw Indians as a threat to their own existence and also as a threat to the western expansion. It also focuses on the confrontation of savagery and civilization from the point of view of common presuppositions and prejudices about the Native Americans that are very often depicted in several captivity narratives. Moreover, the thesis provides necessary definition of the genre of the captivity narrative with regard to the reaction of the reading public in the period of the seventeenth and eighteenth centuries. From the first arrivals of settlers and explorers the American continent symbolized a land of vast opportunities. Nevertheless, the continent not being fully explored was shrouded in a veil of mystery. Explorers and adventurers were fascinated by the extensive natural resources they found in the New World. Moreover, the New World was often called New Canaan or the Garden of Eden as it symbolized for the newcomers a possibility to start a new...
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Commented translation of Mirror Worlds (In: Basalla, George. Civilized Life in the Universe: Scientists on Intelligent Extraterrestrials. Cary, NC: Oxford University Press, 2006, p. ISBN: 9780198038351)
Šveřepová, Andrea ; Jettmarová, Zuzana (advisor) ; Šťastná, Zuzana (referee)
The aim of this bachelor's thesis is to translate Chapter 10 - Mirror Worlds - from George Basalla's book Civilized Life in the Universe: Scientists on Intelligent Extraterrestrials. This thesis includes the translation and the source text, as well as a commentary on the translation. The commentary theoretically reflects the translation process and is divided into four parts. The first part contains an analysis of the source text and potential translation problems. The second part describes the selected translation method and also comments on the differences between the source and the target communication situation. The third part comprises typology and solution to the translation problems. The fourth part describes the shifts that have been made in the course of the translation process. Key words intelligence, life, extraterrestrial, alien, universe, culture, technology, civilization, SETI, anthropomorphism, translation, source text, text analysis, translation method, shift
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Comparison of Spengler's and Kroeber's Visions of Culture.
Hájek, Daniel ; Vrhel, František (advisor) ; Korecká, Zuzana (referee)
The thesis compares the concepts of culture of German historian Oswald Spengler and American anthropologist Alfred Louis Kroeber. Both authors shared interest in comparative study of civilizations and similar approaches to it, based on an assumption, that culture is a distinct level of reality, nonreductible to its parts, but on the contrary controlling them. This conception is sometimes refered to as superorganic. Each of the scholars compared here hit upon the idea by other ways, hence it carries some different implications for them. The concepts and related methods are analyzed in this work with focus on revealing their assumptions. The explicit comparison is made in the end of the work. Powered by TCPDF (www.tcpdf.org)
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The idealized portrayal of Indians in James Fenimore Cooper's The Last of Mohicans and René Francois de Chateaubriand's Les Natchez
Brožová, Tereza ; Procházka, Martin (advisor) ; Veselá, Pavla (referee)
The aim of this bachelor thesis is the depiction of the portrayal of Indians in two pieces of art, James Fenimore Cooper's The Last of the Mohicans and René François de Chateaubriand's Les Natchez. Both authors depict the character of the Indian on the background of the emerging American states. The exotic setting, which fascinated a great number of artists, served as a device for the critique of the European society and civilization. The wilderness of the American continent was shrouded in mystery and thus stimulated the imagination of writers. Cooper and Chateaubriand were influenced by the reading of early reports of adventurers and ethnographers. These records were mingled with their own experience, traditions, myths, and the common presuppositions. Therefore, in both pieces of art, Indian characters bear idealized character features. Cooper and Chateaubriand both deal with the issue of mixing of races, gender and racial roles, and tension between civilization and savagery. Due to the problem of the blood- purity which would be destroyed by the interracial marriage, the main heroes of The Last of the Mohicans are sentenced to die. Chateaubriand, on the other hand, burdens his characters with Christian features and their lives are spent in brooding over the uneasiness of life and destiny. The thesis also...
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Languedoc-Roussillon
Grófová, Martina ; Kalfiřtová, Eva (advisor) ; Machleidtová, Silva (referee)
The thesis discourses on the French region Languedoc-Roussillon situated in south of the country. The first part is focused on the region itself and defines its characteristics. Afterwards, other specifications of the local tourist trade and most attractive places are described. The very main part of the thesis is based on cultural anthropology, aiming at disclosing those distinctions, which make Languedoc-Roussillon so special.
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