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Jan Škvorecký - Danny's Kostelec
Bergrová, Adéla ; Dvořáková, Michaela (referee) ; Županič, Jan (advisor)
The Czech writer Josef Škvorecký is born in Náchod, Czechoslovakia, in 1924. Škvorecký graduated in 1943 from the Reálné gymnasium in his native Náchod. During the War he spent two years as a slave labourer in a German aircraft factory. After the Second World War, he started studying at the Faculty of Medicine of Charles University in Prague. Having finished the first term, he left the Faculty of Medicine for the Faculty of Arts. He studied English and Philosophy. He received his Ph.D. in Philosophy in 1951.In 1952 - 1954, he performed his military service in the Czechoslovak army. He wrote his first novel, Zbabělci (The Cowards), between 1948 and 1949. Set during the last days of the Second World War, the novel was criticized when first published in 1958 for not depicting this historical event in a more heroic, Socialist-Realist manner. As a result, Škvorecký was unable to publish again until the early 1960s. Škvorecký received his doctorate in English literature at Charles University in Prague in 1951, after which he took up a career as a teacher and editor.
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Legal and ethical perspective on medical care of terminally ill patients
Pokorný, Pavel ; Dostál, Ondřej (advisor)
The problem of termination or nezahajování therapy in terminally ill patients, as well as the terms of euthanasia, assisted suicide but homicide or murder, we in modern medicine interfere more and more. It has to do with the development ofnatural medicine, especially in technical areas, where doctors can fight for their livesor delayed death in cases that before ten or fifteen years ago inevitably ended in death. Many patients but does not want "to liveat all Price 'will be a debate on euthanasia still acquire timeliness. In the Czech Republic, but a similar situation found in other post-communist countries, we are due to historical developments in the field of patients in communication between patients and doctors and in medical ethics somewhat behind in comparison with Western Europe and the United States. On the following pages I will try to bring attitude to euthanasia in some European countries and then focus on specific Czech legal environment and its relation to termination of patient care. I'll be very happy if my work will contribute at least in my circle peers to clarify concepts and lead to a wider debate on the care ofseriously ill patients.
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Occupational initial examination from the perspective of International Classification of Functioning. Disability and Health
Hamplová, Pavla ; Svěcená, Kateřina (advisor) ; Sládková, Petra (referee)
The focus of this Bachelor's dissertation is International Classification of Functioning, Disability and Health (ICF) and its applicability to occupational therapy initial examination. This dissertation is divided into sections: theoretical and practical. Basic terminology as well as the ICF framework, goals, philosophy, development and the overview of its components can be found in theoretical section. Moreover, it describes the links between rehabilitation, occupational therapy and the ICF. The end of the theoretical part gives information about occupational therapy examination. Practical section explores possible use of the ICF in occupational therapy initial examination. The main goal of practical part is to create an occupational therapy initial examination form based on the ICF and to apply it on patients. This form ought to be practically used by The Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, 1st Faculty of Medicine, Charles University in Prague and General University Hospital in Prague.
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Emergency Medical Services staff co-operation during prehospital urgent medical care
Kudrna, Zbyněk ; Schneiderová, Michaela (advisor) ; Klicperová, Zuzana (referee) ; Žabka, Ladislav (referee)
96 Annotation Author: Zbyn k Kudrna Dis. Institution: Social Medicine Institute, Charles University in Prag, Faculty of Medicine in Hradec Králové Title of the thesis: Emergency Medical Services staff co-operation during prehospital urgent medical care Thesis consultant: Mgr. Michaela Schneiderová Number of pages: 127 Number of appendices: 7 Year of defense: 2010 Key words: interaction, Emergency Medical Services, Prehospital urgent medical care, co-operation, doctor, Critical care paramedic, Registered nurse, driver Summary: The bachelor's thesis are focused on Emergency Medical Services staff co-operation during prehospital urgent medical care. Theoretical part is mapping Emergency Medical Services functioning in Czech Republic. Empirical part consist quantitative survey, using questionnaire method with focus on Emergency Medical Services staff co-operation during pre-hospital urgent medical care. Mapping interaction at Emergency Medical Services, Emergency Medical Services staff co- operation understanding, comparing team work understanding of each member and figure out influencing factors. Research sample consists 90 respondents of Emergency Medical Services, 30 doctors, 30 critical care paramedics and registered nurses and 30 Emergency Medical Services drivers. Research was held at Central Bohemia...
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The phenomenon of nature healing in the Czech republic
ALEXANDER, Filip
Term nautre healing in a name of this work is on the same level of meaning like the TCAM (Traditional, Complementary and Alternative Medicine). Thesis deals with the situation of TCAM in the Czech republic. If TCAM is really working or not is not important for this work. The teoretical part describes a history, actual form, TCAM policy, methods, risks and reasons to actual interest about that phenomenon. The practical part focuses on find out the level of interest about the TCAM and also for find out a reasons for visiting a healers. This part includes quantitative research where the questionnaire technique was used. The gathered data are sorted out in accordance with the answers of the respondents to the three specifical categories.
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The importance of nutritional support in the treatment of wounds.
PUCHNAROVÁ, Jana
This bachelor thesis is devoted to the importance of nutrition support for therapy of wounds. Today the importance of nutrition support is generally known in all branches of medicine. Due to malnutrition bad healing of wounds occurs. From this reason each nurse should be aware of the importance of proper and balanced nutrition together with proper care of healed wounds. Proper nutrition protects people against infections, facilitates the process of healing and improves therapeutic results. The theoretical part is engaged in the importance of nutrition support, malnutrition, nutrition team, peroral support, and enteral and parenteral nutrition. It further deals with acute and chronic wounds, phases of healing, factors influencing healing, and nursing care of wounds. Two targets were set within the research. The first target was to monitor the knowledge of the importance of nutrition support for healing of wounds nurses have. The other target was to find out whether nurses have active attitude towards the questions of nutrition support when healing wounds. The empirical part uses the method of quantitative research survey together with the method of data collection using a non-standardised questionnaire. The research group consisted of nurses working on shifts and charge nurses working in internal medicine wards, surgical wards and after-care wards in the Jindřichův Hradec Hospital a.s and the České Budějovice Hospital a.s. The questionnaire consisting of 31 questions was filled in by 126 nurses. Processing of the survey was carried out using Microsoft Office Excel 2007. The questionnaire is stated in Annex No.2. Three hypotheses were assessed on the basis of the targets. H1: Nurses are aware of the importance of nutrition support for healing wounds. H2: Nutrition support is provided to patients on the basis of nutrition screening. H3: Nutrition support records are made by charge nurses.
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název v anglickém jazyce není uveden
Křemen, Jaromír ; Haluzík, Martin (advisor) ; Stárka, Luboslav (referee) ; Zadák, Zdeněk (referee)
Insulin resistance is one of hot topics of present medicine not only in its braches focused on civilization diseases such as diabetology or obesitology but also in other fields, namely in intensive care medicine. Hyperglycemia caused by accelerated insulin resistance is observed in critically ill patients very often. It has many undesirable effects and potential complications. This phenomenon is caused by a network of different mechanisms, especially by systemic inflammatory response and subsequent burst of stress hormones and proinflammatory cytokines which directly participate in the ethiopatogenesis of insulin resistance. Recent investigations documented that many of proinflammatory cytokines are directly produced by adipose tissue. Although basic mechanisms of insulin resistance and type 2 type diabetes mellitus in obese subjects are somewhat different in both pathologie overproduction of some proinflammatory cytokines by adipose tissue may play a role. It has been demonstrated that correction of hyperglycemia in criticially ill patient by intensive insulin therapy leads to reduction of thein morbidity and mortality. Tight glycemic control requires a frequent blood glukose measueremnts increasing the workload of ICU personnel Therefore, the development of systems for continuous measuring of glycemia and...
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"Krankengeschichte" of Georg Buquoy. Description of disease like a document of life
MORAWETZ, Michal
The aim of this bachelor thesis is to produce a critical edition and perform an analysis of the description of diseases, which is deposited (in the form of a manuscript) in Georg Franz Buquoy?s estate in the State Regional Archives in Třeboň. The document is interpreted in the context of the contemporary reflections of state of health, while emphasising the specific traits of the author?s personality. The treatise is understood as an intimate confession, a unique document of Buquoy?s way of thinking, which also betrays the influence of the philosophical and intellectual currents. The treatise further contains information potentially relevant for the history of medicine, further study of Buquoy?s biography and the research of the everyday culture of the early 19th century.
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The Dependency of the Volume Activity of I-131 in a Hospital Sewage Treatment Plant on the Amount of I-131 Used as a Medical Treatment in the Nuclear Medicine Ward
KAMPELSHEIMEROVÁ, Šárka
The subject of the work is radiation protection at a nuclear medicine workplace with a bed section in connection with the therapy of thyroid gland diseases using radioisotope 131I. In the theoretical part, the work briefly deals with the anatomy and pathology of the thyroid gland and ways of therapy, and outlines the basic characteristics of radioisotope 131I and history of nuclear medicine and radiation protection. In the practical part, there is a verification of the efficiency of radiation protection when handling liquid waste and a verification of the correlation of the activity of liquid waste with the activity of radiopharmaceutical administered. The malignant tumours of the thyroid gland constitute 0,5?1 % of all tumoral diseases. Some types of this tumour, which are histologically differentiated, retain the capability of extracting iodine from blood and are thus suitable for being treated using iodine radioisitope. That's why these types of tumour are treated most frequently at nuclear medicine departments. The basis of therapy is the surgical removal of tumoral tissue, usually of the whole thyroid gland, and administration of radioisotope 131I. When treating the thyroid gland, the patient is always hospitalized at a nuclear medicine department with a bed section. Radioisotope 131I is mixed ? and ? emitter and after being administred to a patient, it is the source of radiation danger for hospital personnel, possibly for others individuals. At the same time it is excreted from the organism by urine, stool and sweat. On that score due attention must be paid to safety measures. In view of the magnitude of this problem and the emphasis that is currently laid to protection against ionizing radiation, I chose this issue as a subject of my bachelor's work. The goal of the practical part of the work was to verify whether the limits set by Decree No. 307/2002 Coll., as amended by Decree No. 499/2005 Coll. on radiation protection were observed under the current system of handling liquid waste in the bed section of the Nuclear Medicine Department of the České Budějovice Hospital. Two hypotheses were set: Operation regulations and current programme equipment of the technical installations for the automatic draining of waste water from the bed section of the Nuclear Medicine Department are sufficient for the limits set by Decree not being exceeded; the other hypothesis assumes that the values of the volume activity of waste water in the drainage tank of the hospital's sewage plant conform to the activity of a radiopharmaceutical administered to patients treated at the Nuclear Medicine Department of the České Budějovice Hospital. For the purposes of this work, the activity of waste in the drainage tank of the hospital's sewage plant was measured with a well detector once a week for a period of two month to verify that the activity does not exceed a release level of 455 Bql-1 set in an addendum to Decree No. 307/2002 Coll. It was ascertained by measuring that the average activity of waste in the watched period was 279,8 Bql-1, the highest activity measured on March 18, 2013 being 373 Bql-1. In the watched period, the release activity set by the law was not exceeded in any week. At the same time, the correlation of the values of radioactivity administered with the radioactivity of waste water was proved. Consequently, both hypotheses of the work were proved. The work proved that the limits set by Decree No. 307/2002 Coll., as amended by Decree No. 499/2005 Coll. on radiation protection, were observed under the current system of handling liquid waste in the bed section of the Nuclear Medicine Department of the České Budějovice Hospital.
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The prevention of nosocomial infections at central venous catheters in standard inpatient departments and intensive care units.
PAŽOUTOVÁ, Petra
Nosocomial infections are one of serious problems of modern medicine and nursing also nosocomial infections mean real serious problems for future. Prevention of nosocomial infections, applied together with pointed and meaningful antimicrobial therapy is the only causal solution now. This work was aimed primarily at a comparison of knowledge of common nurses working in intensive care wards and common nurses in standard wards. In general, it could be said that the aim of this work was to map the scope of knowledge of common nurses as for nosocomial infections as well as aseptic care for central venous catheters including catheter sepses. The found deficit in knowledge of common nurses pointed out the occurrence of mistakes in nursing practices. Quality of nursing is connected closely with standardisation of nursing procedures. Quantitative research inquiry was realised in 4 medical facilities: Regional hospital Liberec, a.s., Masaryk city hospital in Jilemnice, Hospital České Budějovice, a.s. and Hospital with polyclinic in Semily. As the research method there was chosen a non-standardised questionnaire. The sample of respondents was chosen as an intentional selectionand and in to statistic processing included 290 relevantly filled out forms. The research investigation also included a comparison and quantification of nursing standards. In view of the performed comparison of standards in nursing we concluded that creation of incomplete or even inconsistent standards occurs here. We have prepared a "Proposal on a standard of nursing care for inserted venous catheter", of which form could enable to implement it in medical care facilities within the Czech Republic and define clearly basic nursing procedures within the scope of these problems.
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