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Influence of Inert Atmosphere on Surface Wetting in Lead Free Soldering
Nestrojil, Michal ; Špinka, Jiří (referee) ; Starý, Jiří (advisor)
This master´s thesis dealing with study of influence of inert atmosphere on the wettability of soldered surfaces. The theoretical part is discussed the issue of the soldering, solder joint, oxidation, and inert atmosphere. The glass cover with internal inert gas preheating for the wetting balance testing was prepared in the practical part. With this adjustment were realised tests, in which was examined the effect of the inert gases on the wettability of different materials combination. Further experiments were focused on plasma surface cleaning as possible flux substitution. The evaluation of these experiments were discussed in the end of this master´s thesis. Some of topics were designed for further experiments.
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Molecular mechanisms of insulin sensitivity in relation to fat content in diet
Kuchaříková, Petra ; Horáková, Olga (advisor) ; Klusoňová, Petra (referee)
Insulin resistance is a key component of the pathogenesis of metabolic syndrome and type 2 diabetes. Skeletal muscle is an important part of energy metabolism. It recieves, stores and uses most of the glucose from blood. Insulin stimulates glucose uptake, by promoting translocation of glucose transpoters to plasma membrane. It also increases the rate of protein, glycogen and triglyceride synthesis. When muscle is unable to respond to normal levels of circulating insulin, insulin resistance occurs. Insulin resistance leads to disruption of key metabolic processes. Fatty acid transport across the membrane is upregulated, whereas the ability to oxidize fatty acids is decreased. This imbalance leads to accumulation of lipid metabolites inside the cells. Lipid intermediates may interfere with insulin signalling. Inflammatory cytokines, particularly TNF, activate kinases that may inhibit the insulin signal transmission. Insulin resistance may be treated pharmacologically, but also physical activity and decrease of energy intake are important part of therapy. Also polyunsaturated fatty acids have beneficial effects on muscle insulin sensitivity.
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New markers of colon cancer evolution in ulcerative colitis
Švec, Jiří ; Kment, Milan (advisor) ; Keil, Radan (referee) ; Hampl, Aleš (referee)
Background: Long-standing ulcerative colitis (UC) has an increased risk of evolving into colorectal cancer (CRC) and upregulated expression of cyclooxygenase 2 (COX-2), inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS), survivin, telomerase catalytic subunit (TERT), integrin-linked kinase (ILK) and transcription factors c- MYB and TCF-4, has been implicated in the development and progression of sporadic colorectal cancer. Nevertheless much less is known about their role in the process of UC-associated colon carcinogenesis. Methods: We analyzed the gene expression of these markers during the transition of colonic mucosa from chronic inflammation to epithelial neoplasia in biopsies of UC patients using quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction and immunohistochemistry, and compared the expression profiles of this gene panel in samples of patients with CRC and in human tumor xenografts of SW620 malignant colonic cells. Additionally, we determined the expression of these genes in mouse models of sporadic and colitis-associated CRC in A/J and ICR mouse strains using quantitative RT-PCR and laser microdissection. Results: The transcript levels of survivin, c-MYB, COX-2, iNOS, and TCF-4 showed statistically significant increase during neoplastic transformation of UC-patient colonic mucosa, whereas TERT and ILK...
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Synthesis of substituted arylguanidines as potential drugs VII.
Bromand, Nasir ; Palát, Karel (advisor) ; Macháček, Miloš (referee)
Pathological fungi carry the ability to cause serious medical problems and moreover cause various diseases. Drug therapy and new active compounds against these medical problems are still being researched. The long-term objective is to uncover the active compounds at the Faculty of Pharmacy, Charles University. In our study, we synthesized 3-(4-bromophenyl)-1,1-diethylguanidine, and 2 novel compounds: 3-(4- dodecylsulfanylphenyl)-1,1-diethylguanidine and 3-(3-bromophenyl)-1,1- diethylguanidine. We also studied the oxidation of 1-(4- tetradecylsulfanylphenyl)guanidinium nitrate, thus, making it the third novel compound 1-(4-tetradecylsulfonylphenyl)guanidinium nitrate we synthesized.
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Preparation of nanostructure samples in SEM/FIB and their study in TEM
Lavková, Jaroslava ; Matolínová, Iva (advisor) ; Pešička, Josef (referee)
This work is studying the layers of cerium oxide (doped with platinum) prepa- red by magnetron sputtering on different types of substrates. Attention is focused mainly on modes of growth and morfology of (Pt−)CeO2 layers. The study was carried out by scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and transmission electron microscopy (TEM). The specimens (lamellas) were created by using focused ion beam (FIB) with respect to transparency for electron beam and material contrast. The emphasis was on elimination of redeposition and minimize the amorphous layer of lamella. Representation of elements was determined by energy-dispersive spectroscopy (EDX) and electron-energy loss spectroscopy (EELS). 1
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Gene polymorphisms of antioxidant enzymes and diabetes mellitus
Flekač, Milan ; Škrha, Jan (advisor) ; Bendlová, Běla (referee) ; Rybka, Jaroslav (referee)
Paraoxonase 1 (PON1), an antioxidant enzyme closely associated with HDL(high-density lipoproteins), preserves LDL (low density lipoproteins) against oxidation. Less protection may be therefore supposed by decreased PON1 activity.This study was undertaken to investigate the association of PON1 gene polymorphisms with diabetic angiopathy and to evaluate the relationship of these polymorphisms with PON1 activity. Total of 86 Type 1 (T1DM) and 246 Type 2 (T2DM) diabetic patients together with 110 healthy subjects were examined. DNA isolated from leukocytes was amplified with polymerase chain reaction (PCR) followed by restriction enzyme digestion. The products were analyzed for L55M and Q192R polymorphisms in coding region and for -107 C/T and -907 G/C in promotor sequence of PON1. Serum enzyme activity was measured spectrophotometrically. Significant differences were found between T1DM or T2DM and control persons in L55M polymorphism (allele M more frequent in T1DM and T2DM vs. controls, p<0,05) and Q192R polymorphism (R allele less frequent in T1DM and T2DM vs. controls, p<0,01) of the PON1 gene. Serum PON1 activity was significantly decreased in T1DM (110±68 nmol/ml/min) and T2DM patients (118±69 nmol/ml/min) compared to the control persons (203±58 nmol/ml/min), both p<0,01. The presence of MM and QQ...
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Iron-chelating properties of selected novel chelators from 4-acyl-5-pyrazolone group II
Břečková, Anna ; Mladěnka, Přemysl (advisor) ; Hašková, Pavlína (referee)
Charles University in Prague Faculty of Pharmacy in Hradec Králové Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology Student: Anna Břečková Supervisor: Přemysl Mladěnka, Ph.D. Title of Thesis: Iron-chelating properties of selected novel chelators from 4-acyl-5-pyrazolone group II Iron deficiency and iron overload play important roles in the pathophysiology of certain human diseases. Administration of iron chelators is a suitable therapy in iron overload conditions, especially in cases of hematological diseases treated with blood transfusions. Iron- chelating therapy appears as well as a promising tool for other diseases (acute myocardial infarction, tumor, etc.). Several factors should be considered according to expected indications: 1) oral efficiency, 2) activity in acidic environment, 3) ability to reduce ferric ions to ferrous ions (risk of pro-oxidation). The aim of this thesis was to verify the iron-chelating properties of selected novel chelators from 4-acyl-5-pyrazolone group by use of UV-VIS spectrophotometric methods. From this group, p-terc.butyl- and p-nitroderivatives of the basic structure and the derivatives marked as H2Q3Q and H2QPy, which are double molecules of the basic structure, were chosen. All of the tested substances had some potential to chelate ferrous ions and were also devoid of...
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Study of mitochondrial ultrastructure and functions in selected mitochondrial and lysosomal storage disorders
Kostková, Olga ; Hansíková, Hana (advisor) ; Šmíd, František (referee) ; Hyánek, Josef (referee)
This thesis has been worked out in The laboratory for study of mitochondrial disorders (Departement of Pediatrics, 1st Faculty of Medcine, Chales university in Prague) and in cooperation with The Institute of Inherited Metabolic Disorders. Mitochondrial disorders represent a heterogeneous group of diseases with the onset at any age from neonatal period till adulthood, mostly presented with very severe clinical courses of disease. The mammalian organism is fully dependent on mitochondrial oxidative phosphorylation system as on the major energy producer of the cell. Therefore the mitochondrial disorders affect mainly high energy demanded tissues such as brain, heart or muscle. Simillar phenotype is observed in many lysosomal storage disorders. Despite of expanding knowledge of molecular basis of mitochondrial and lysosomal disorders, it may be still difficult to explain the exact pathogenesis of disease as well as the prognosis for patients and their families. Mitochondrial functions affect more than just energy production; they contribute in initiation of apoptosis, in cellular calcium homeostasis, and in production of reactive oxygene species. Disturbed mitochondria become a goal of autophagy mediated by the lysosomal compartement. The results of our study enable: 1. better understanding of the tissue...
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Electrophysiological Models of Seizure like Activity for NO Detection in Vitro
Novák, Karel ; Konopková, Renata (referee) ; Otáhal, Jakub (advisor)
Definition of work: Electrophysiological models of seizure like activity for NO detection in vitro Supervisor: MUDr. Jakub Otáhal, PhD. Department of Anatomy and Biomechanics FTVS CUNI Department of Developmental Epileptology CAS, Institute of Physiology Consultant: Mgr. Renata Konopková Department of Developmental Epileptology CAS, Institute of Physiology Aim: The aim of the thesis is to introduce nitric oxide (NO) and its role in physiology and pathophysiolgy of central nervous system (CNS), with the intention of epileptiform activity in the nervous tissue. Our research was realized on rat hippocampal slices in vitro and it compares the experimental biochemical models (low-Mg2+ , high-K+ , Carbachol, Bicuculline and 4-Aminopyridine model). These changes in the environment of slice should evoke the epileptiform activity in the nervous tissue of the rat. The final aim of the thesis is to create an experimental model of epileptiform activity in vitro in our setup for imaging techniques and NO detection. Methods: Experiments were performed in rat hippocampal slices in vitro. Rats were deeply anaesthetized with ether and decapitated. Brain was rapidly removed from the scull, cut in oxygenated (95%) and cooled (0, 5 řC) artificial cerebrospinal fluid (ACSF) using vibratome in coronal slices of 400µm of...
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Effect of feeding MDOCTM the atherogenic process in experimental / / model of atherosclerosis.
Tomalová, Pavla ; Nachtigal, Petr (advisor) ; Kopecký, Martin (referee)
Influence of MDOCTM Administration on Atherogenic Process in the Experimental Model of Atherosclerosis. Mgr. Pavla Tomalová In this study we investigated prospective hypolipidemic and anti - inflammatory effects of modified oxidized cellulose (MDOC). In the therapy of hyperlipidemia and blood - vessel complications (atherosclerosis) there are used the most considerable substances - statins, today. However, it was also documented, that feed dietary roughage has positive influence on cardiovascular system, inclusive of cholesterol level. MDOC (polyanhydroglucuronic acid), because of it's properties can be classified probably as the soluble fibre. We used apoE deficient mice as the model of atherosclerosis, fed by atherogenic diet. We analyzed levels of total cholesterol and other lipoprotein fractions and serum concentrations of inflammatory markers (IL-6 and VCAM-1) in blood. Total cholesterol concentrations were assessed enzymatically by conventional diagnostic methods and spectrophotometric analyses. For the detection of VCAM-1 expression in aortic sinus and part of aortic arch we used imunohistochemical methods and for quantification of VCAM-1 expression we used stereological methods. Biochemical analyses results showed that MDOC administration did not affect levels of total cholesterol, VLDL cholesterol,...
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