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"With Ivana at home" - natural childbirth as a disruption of power discourse: discoursive analysis of www.pribehyproivanu.cz
Zemanová, Eva ; Sokolová, Věra (advisor) ; Jahodová, Dita (referee)
The topic of this thesis is woman's experience with natural childbirth and its potential for disruption of medical discourse, which is in the Czech Republic in obstetrics still dominating. Through the method of discoursive analysis I am trying to generate any behavior that may be in conflict with social expectations and may question norms and standards in the field of pregnancy and obstetrics. I am also trying to trace whether and how does the deepening and gaining of the birth knowledge lead to the transformation of woman's identity. Theoretically, the work is grounded in a post-structuralist paradigm and builds on the concepts of biopower, performative acting and authoritative knowledge. Data sources are stories written in support of a midwife Ivana Königsmarková and published on the internet (www.pribehyproivanu.cz).
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Home births in media
Štichauerová, Iva ; Sokolová, Věra (advisor) ; Jiroutová Kynčlová, Tereza (referee)
This diploma thesis deals with home births and how they were referred to in the media regarding the medial cause with a midwife Ivana Königsmarková. The goal of this work is to describe approaches that can be traced on this cause, what is the gender dimension of these approaches like and how does the aspect of power manifest itself on them. To achieve that I've chosen a method of discourse analysis which is the best one to point out the relation between language, power and ideology. Analysed material is represented by the articles from Czech media that are associated with the given cause and on basis of which the most frequently occurring topics can be traced along with their tendencies throughout time. Last but not least I'm closely analysing two chosen articles which represent two dominant ways of thinking - the medical approach of labour and natural or alternative approach.
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Legal aspects of home birth
Krtičková, Adéla ; Hendrychová, Michaela (advisor) ; Šustek, Petr (referee)
This thesis deals with home births and legal issues related to this topic. There is no specific regulation of home births in the Czech law, but it's possible to use Czech legislation for the interpretation of this issue, especially the legislation of medical law, civil law and criminal law. The issue of home births is recently very actual topic, which can be proven by the current extensive jurisprudence of the Czech and foreign courts, which belongs by the way to major sources of this thesis. In addition to describing the situation in the Czech Republic, I tried to point out some differences between the Czech and foreign law, I tried to outline some changes in the new Czech Civil Code and I also tried to provide some reflections on future trends in the issue of home births in the Czech Republic. The aim of my thesis was to highlight the conflicts of the guaranteed rights contained in the supreme law of which frequent disputes of society are going on, and to provide a possible solution of this situation. The issue of home births include the conflict between the right to protection of life and health, and the right to private and family life, both guaranteed by constitutional law. The right of privacy includes the right of women to freely choose the place of birth for their children, including the...
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Anthropological perception of current home births without medical assistance.
Drabantová, Lucia ; Brůžek, Jaroslav (advisor) ; Koudelová, Jana (referee)
The study discusses the current home births in developed countries. Introduction deals with the emergence of a model of human birth in the background of evolutionary mechanisms and the resulting biological risks, which are illustrated by data on maternal and neonatal mortality. Home births are understood in the complex scale, and so formation of current model of obstetrics in selected countries is shown in historical background. It brings most common image of women and the circumstances that lead to the choice of home birth. The study focuses on the comparison of home and hospital births due to the occurrence of undesirable health complications. As this comparison showed the results that births are largely influenced by medical interventions carried out, frequency of these procedures is also compared. Higher occurrence of interventions in hospital births can be partly explained by changes in the demographic profile of mother, which increases the risks associated with childbirth at home. Data processed in the study suggest that today's home births require extensive implementation of system changes, and therefore the home birth as a safe alternative is not recommended. It also doesn't consider hospital births appropriate in terms of excessive interventions, rather a compromise in the form of home birthing...
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The question of naturalness in the context of Czech massmedia discussion/discourse about childbirth
Veverková, Martina ; Sládek, Jan (advisor) ; Hamplová, Dana (referee)
This paper analyses the Czech mass media discourse about models of childbirth care and focuses on using the term of naturalness. Czech obstetrics care is highly influenced by habitudes and practices that were typical for socialist era, but transforms to the western model. Dissatisfaction with the care was the main reason for rediscovery of homebirth that became a very controversial point in Czech society accompanied by mass media discussion which is the subject of this analysis. The most important findings are that doctors tend to advocate their practices no matter whether they discuss homebirth or caesarean delivery on maternal request (which can be seen as two poles of the scale of naturalness and total medicalization) and in this second case they show themselves as advocates of the naturalness. Czech midwives, opposing the dominant practices, are not able to communicate well enough the positives of natural childbirth and midwifery care, which can be one of reasons why they fail to push through the legalization of homebirth. Keywords Sociology of body, sociology of childbirth, medicalization, homebirth, naturalness
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Homebirth as Actor-Network
Genttnerová, Kristýna ; Grygar, Jakub (advisor) ; Kabele, Jiří (referee)
Homebirth as Actor-Network: Multiple realities The topic of this medical anthropology thesis is a description of homebirth seen through the eyes of Actor-Network Theory. The focus of this work is thus not on the professional concept of homebirth as a biological process or soon-to-be-mothers experience and take on homebirth. Focus is on homebirth in itself, how it is enacted via interactions of actors in network. After the presentation of two points of view on medicine (disease and illness), an introduction into the basic principles and innovations of ANT (including anthropology of symmetry), into the works of people, who build their ideas on it (Mol - multiplicity, De Laet - fluidity, Law) and the presentation of the current birthing situation in the Czech Republic, the thesis shifts its focus to the description of the whole actor-network, which enacts homebirth via interaction between the actors in practice. These practices are abstracted from the interviews with mothers, a dula and a paediatrician. The description includes people and objects, because according to ANT, they have the same amount of social agency. Homebirth is then enacted by the objects needed for homebirth - tools to make birth easier and to support its process, by people who partake, venues it takes place in and the birthing positions it...
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Criminal Liability of Physicians in Gynecology and Obstetrics
Kociánová, Natálie ; Sovová, Olga (advisor) ; Císařová, Dagmar (referee)
Thesis title: CRIMINAL LIABILITY OF PHYSICIANS IN GYNECOLOGY AND OBSTETRICS The purpose of my diploma thesis is to analyse the issue of criminal liability of physicians, especially physicians in Gynecology and Obstetrics. The thesis is divided into five main chapters and many subchapters. The first chapter serves as an introduction to the legal liability in general. I mention the categories of liability- civil and labour liability are just noticed in this task, while administrative and disciplinary liability are discussed and defined. The aim is to compare these liability in healthcare and emphasize the ultima ratio principle of criminal liability. Chapter Two defines relevant concepts of medical law. This chapter deals with the concept of acting lege artis, acting non lege artis, informed consent of patient and advance directives. These concepts are demonstrated on examples from practice and related jurisprudence. I also define the specilization of Gynecology and Obstetrics and its legislation. The third chapter explains basic terms and concepts connected with criminal liability and define the necessary conditions and circumstances for physicians to commit a crime. The second section of this chapter focuses on circumstances under which some normally unlawful acting might not be considered illegal....
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Women´s Attitudes towards Alternative Birhting
TESAŘOVÁ, Blanka
The bachelor's research work "Women´s Attitudes towards Alternative Birhting" is focusing on the topic of alternative birthing, especially birthing outwith the medical facilities, that are currently quite often discussed issues. Alternative birthing is the matter of historical, legislagive and personal aspect. The objective of the research is to find out more about the women´s attitude towards the alternative birthing and reasons that lead to this choice, or, on the contrary, the reasons that discourage them from it. The historical development of obstetrics and birth assistance in the Czech Republic and abroad is described in the theoretical part as well as gradual transition of childbirths from homes to medical facilities, where the main objective is to secure the accessible medical care and to reduce the risk of birth in injuries for mothers and children. Appropriate attention is also paid to current situation and legislation in the Czech Republic, as the alternative birthing issues are not satisfying in this matter. Contemporary pressure of some experts as well as non-professionals on the freedom of making decisions about the births and place of births is mentioned here. The summary of opinions of supportes and opponents of this possibility is presented . Positives, negatives, complications and health hazards of deliveries, not only outwith the medical facilities, are described briefly. The post of midwifes and their qualifications embodied in legislature is also mentioned. Practical part of the dissertation is the qualitative research of the sample of four women who were asked about their attitude towards the alternative birthing issue through the designed indepth interview. These talks are processed and analysed. The result is the attitude of the presented sample of women towards this issue, which, however, does not respond to neither supporters´or opponents´ view. All the interviewed women appreciate the intimacy of alternative birthing, its course, familiar and informal atmosphere and a certain possibility of motion during the birth itself. On the other hand, they also realize possible complications related to the delivery and they are aware of the fact that if the medical help is late or not possible, there is an enhanced risk for mother and child. From the survey with this presented sample of respondents it can be concluded that all these women would welcome the posibility to deliver at the maternal hospital with the immediate medical care, in case of complications, but they would appreciate the stay with more privacy,comfort, possibility to move and certain freedom to cooperate on the procedures. Some of the women would appreciate delivery with the help of midwife who would be appointed in advance, if the physiological delivery is without problems. That means that there would be only the midwife during the delivery but the doctor would not be present.
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