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Criminological and legal aspects of the ransomware phenomenon
Johanovský, Tomáš ; Gřivna, Tomáš (advisor) ; Bohuslav, Lukáš (referee)
Criminological and legal aspects of the ransomware phenomenon Abstract This diploma thesis deals with the current topic of cybercrime and focuses specifically on the phenomenon of ransomware on a scope unprecedented in Czech legal literature. Ransomware is a malicious code that interferes with the operation of a computer system, and later requires ransom for the victim to recover the access to the computer system and the data contained therein. Basic concepts necessary for the definition of ransomware (such as cyberspace, cybercrime, computer system, malicious code, cryptocurrency and darknet) are introduced and explained. The specificities of cybercrime and its development and current range in the Czech Republic are analysed. The main part of the text deals with the analysis of ransomware, starting with its history and leading to the possible future developments of ransomware. Different variants of ransomware are described such as false antivirus, police, locker and encryption ransomware. From a criminological point of view, the text focuses on the unique interaction of the perpetrator and the victim, which takes on surprising forms of customer support, answers to frequently asked questions and instructions for acquiring virtual currencies. Emphasis is placed on prevention efforts that can mitigate the...
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Criminal Aspects of Cybercrime
Štičková, Věra ; Gřivna, Tomáš (advisor) ; Bohuslav, Lukáš (referee)
The purpose of this thesis is to introduce the issue of cyber crime, a phenomenon which is gaining importance in recent years. The first chapter outlines the basic problem: Mass use of information and communications technologies may have downsides. Consequently, the reader learns briefly about development of computers, which resulted in the emergence of the Internet. Especially, how this short evolution affected the terminology regarding crimes related to information technology. The term "cyberspace", from which we derive the term "cyber crime", becomes crucial. This virtual world is not only a place of fun but unfortunately also full of malicious behavior. Further, the work deals with the specifics of cybercrime and its differences that distinguish it from other types of crime. The fifth chapter deals with the legal regulation, both domestic and international. It lists major legislation related to the cyber crime and is especially dedicated to analysis of the Criminal Code, the law on cyber security and the Convention on Cybercrime. Next comes the main section of the thesis dedicated to crime in cyberspace. It describes the most common malicious activities which occur in cyberspace. A table of individual crimes is included to ease orientation. Particular attention is paid to copyright violations...
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Legal framework of computer crime investigation
Rademacherová, Kristina ; Gřivna, Tomáš (advisor) ; Bohuslav, Lukáš (referee)
Master's thesis is focused on computer crime, with an emphasis on the process of investigation. New systematics in Czech computer crime terminology is offered. Within the thesis, cybercrime is perceived as a part of computer crime. Special attention is put on various aspects of criminalistics, as the topic of investigation itself is understood from the point of view of such science. Nevertheless, criminological findings are discussed likewise. Particular emphasis is put on a link between Czech legal regulation and expert literature from the fields of law, criminalistics, criminology and technology. Master's thesis is based on Czech literature, as well as English and French writings, in addition to national and international case law. The text itself is divided into three chapters. First chapter is introducing the issue of computer and cybercrime with selected criminological characteristics, including specifics of offending within the Internet. Second chapter discusses evidence of computer crime, the electronic or digital evidence, from the point of view of criminalistics. Particular problems of digital evidence usage within Czech criminal procedure are revealed. The core of master's thesis is the third chapter. Methodology of computer crime investigation is discussed, as well as selected individual...
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Cybercrime: Selected issues of prosecution in international environment
Rademacherová, Kristina ; Jelínek, Jiří (advisor) ; Vokoun, Rudolf (referee)
The thesis deals with an issue of cybercrime prosecution in international environment. The text focuses on particular problems met by law enforcement agencies when prosecuting cybercrime. Within the prosecution, the emphasis is put on the aspects of detection and investigation of cybercrime. Within the thesis, cybercrime is understood as a part of computer crime. Computer crime is approached rather as global crime due to typical characteristics of information and communication technologies. Therefore, the international cooperation of law enforcement agencies is considered crucial. First chapter introduces the issue of computer crime, including adopted terminology. It discusses the transformation of computer crime and cybercrime following its historical development and broad forms of modus operandi. Criminological findings about perpetrators and victims of computer crime are discussed likewise. Second chapter deals with criminal law jurisdiction and enforcement within cyberspace. The accent is put on local applicability of criminal law and related jurisdictional conflicts with possible remedies. Third chapter concentrates on the interconnection of computer crime and organized crime, as well as computer crime and terrorism. Why and how are the perpetrators of organized crime and terrorism abusing...
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The principle of subsidiarity of criminal law
Čikovský, Jan ; Gřivna, Tomáš (advisor) ; Herczeg, Jiří (referee)
The internet and computer criminality is a part of a cybercrime which is a very wide and relatively inhomogeneous category of criminal offences. The master's thesis focuses on criminal offences against confidentiality, integrity and availability of computer data and computer systems. These cyber attacks can endanger the cyber security at the national level and inflict immeasurable damage. In the present day, a Cybersecurity Act is being prepared in the Czech Republic whose goal is to respond to these attacks. Master's thesis examines especially penal aspects of this law. Moreover, a large space in the thesis is devoted to the recently ratified Convention on Cybercrime. Besides the two above-mentioned legal norms the master's thesis arises from the Czech and foreign legal regulation and case law, for which it uses literature available in the Czech, English or German language. With regard to the chosen topic, it has been necessary to use also considerable amount of a non-legal literature. The whole work is divided into six chapters. The first chapter provides a brief introduction into the topic and also short explanations of the basic terms. Chapter two provides questions about legitimacy and beneficial effect of a state regulation in the cyberspace which are of a partially philosophical character....
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Internet and computer criminality
Ivičičová, Katarína ; Gřivna, Tomáš (advisor) ; Herczeg, Jiří (referee)
The purpose of my thesis is to analyse and focus on the very actual topic of the Internet and computer criminality. The reason I chose this topic for my research is growing development of technology resulting in the evolution of new types of crimes, which need to be regulated by the law. The thesis is composed of six chapters, each of them dealing with different aspects of the cybernetic criminality. Chapter one is introductory and mainly focuses on the definition of the basic terminology used in the thesis, like computer systems, data, computer crime, internet crime and most importantly cybercrime. Chapter two gives a brief historical background to the relationship between the evolution of the information and communication technology and the appearance of the cybernetic crime. Chapter three discusses on the specifics of the cybercrime by the means of description of the typical cybercriminal, his motives, and his victims and last but not least of the possible prevention measures. The last part of this chapter concentrates on problems resulting from the transnational nature of cybercrime, which creates jurisdictional issues. Chapter four is subdivided into three main parts and provides an outline of the relevant International legislation in the field of cybercrime. Part one deals with the main...
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Fraud and audit
Hruška, Tomáš ; Dvořáček, Jiří (advisor) ; Polák, Vladimír (referee)
The aim of this Master´s Thesis is to introduce fraudulent schemes within organizations and suggest possible actions to prevent this unjust behaviour that negatively affects not only organizations themselves, but also society as a whole. Audit, which is described in the first chapter, plays a major part in preventing fraud. The evolution of audit is described there as well as its main divisions consisting of external, internal and forensic audit, which is important for the investigation of fraud. Second chapter describes fraud as itself, dividing it into external and, more common, internal fraud, which is divided into corruption, asset misappropriations and financial statement fraud. This chapter also contains cybercrime, which is increasingly relevant nowadays. Detailed fraud statistics put together profile of the typical fraudster. Third chapter describes some real fraud cases within business practice. It contains four fraud cases, namely those in companies Enron, Toshiba, Target and Czech corruption scandal concerning former politician David Rath.
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The Problematics of Phishing
Kemr, Jakub ; Klíma, Tomáš (advisor) ; Pavlíček, Luboš (referee)
Bachelor thesis focuses on still current and specific type of cybercrime called phishing. The goal of the thesis is to introduce an ordinary internet user to the phishing issue by describing the functionality of different techniques of attack and appropriate ways of prevention and defence against these types of cyber-attacks. The thesis is divided into three parts. Theoretical part deals with the introduction to the phishing issue and historical development of this fraudulent technology since the early 90s of the 20th century. Furthermore, the theoretical part describes the functionality of different types of phishing techniques from the most famous to the less well-known. The end of the theoretical part describes the prevention and defence possibilities at user, software and organizational level. The second part of the work focuses on the analysis of phishing attacks. First the thesis analyses some of the recent attacks on Czech clients, in particular their structure, progress and the real purpose. The following parts show the preparation and process of one classic and one modern attack with examples of detection and possibilities of appropriate defence against these specific techniques. Final part of the thesis shows the results of the survey and phishing quiz, focused on ordinary internet users and their awareness of this issue.
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Cyber security and legislation of the Czech Republic
Kratochvíl, David ; Doucek, Petr (advisor) ; Veber, Jaromír (referee)
Contemporary society is increasingly influenced by computers and internet environment and it meets with issues related to cybercrime. There are already a number of laws, whether at EU or national governments, which are trying to reduce or prevent risks associated with hackers, cyber terrorism or any other illegal activities in cyberspace. Thesis "Cyber security and legislation of the Czech Republic", is divided into two main parts. In the first theoretical part, the reader apprise with cybercrime in general. You can read about methods of investigation, types of illegal activities and how to prevent such practices. The second part consists of an analysis of the current legislation of the Czech Republic, EU and Legislative intent of the law on cyber security. I will describe the bill, analyze and appraise its benefits to society. In conclusion of this thesis, I will summarize the achievement of results and objectives of the work.
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Economics of Cyber Criminality
Polách, David ; Singer, Miroslav (advisor) ; Tříska, Dušan (referee)
Práce se zabývá ekonomickou analýzou kybernetického zločinu. Základním východiskem analýzy je model jednání racionálního kybernetického zločince rozhodujícího se o očekávaných nákladech a užitcích své činnosti vyjádřené v jednotkách peněžního ekvivalentu. Rozhodovací problém kybernetického zločince tvoří optimalizační úlohu z vzhledem k jeho nákladům. V rámci práce je odvozen rovnovážný optimální stav zločince. Další diskutovanou problematikou jsou metody boje proti kybernetickému zločinu a detailní rozbor metody zvýšené intenzity boje. Metoda zvýšené intenzity boje je založena na snižování počtu spáchaných kybernetických zločinů pomocí mechanismu zvyšujícího náklady zločincům. Mezní zločinci jsou v případě komerční varianty zločinu vytlačeni z trhu, zbývající alespoň sníží svoji produkci. Naopak pro specifickou verzi komunitní varianty zločinu tato metoda vede ke zvýšení trestné činnosti. Posledním tématem je interakce výrobců softwaru působícího síťové efekty, spotřebitelů a softwarových pirátů. Práce obsahuje model nerozvinutého a rozvinutého trhu a variantu s dokonalou cenovou diskriminací. Ukazuje se, že na rozvinutém trhu může monopolní výrobce softwaru svoji pozici vylepšit snahou o zvyšování intenzity boje se zločinem, přičemž v případě s cenovou diskriminací tento mechanismus nemá limit a teoreticky může působit až do úplného vymýcení softwarového pirátství.
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