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Measuring Sovereign Bond Spillover in Europe and the Impact of Rating News
Claeys, Peter ; Vašíček, Bořek
Although there is by now strong evidence that sovereign risk premia are driven by a common factor, little is known about the detailed linkages between sovereign bond markets. We employ the VAR method by Diebold and Yilmaz (2009) to analyse the strength and direction of bilateral linkages between EU sovereign bond markets using daily data on sovereign bond yield spreads and a common factor. The forecast-error variance decomposition of this FAVAR indicates a lot of heterogeneity in the bilateral spillover sent and received between bond markets. Spillover is more important than domestic factors for all eurozone countries. The CE countries mostly affect each other. Only Denmark, Sweden and the UK are rather insulated from spillover. The spillover has increased substantially since 2007, despite starting from a high level. We use this framework to measure the impact of sovereign rating news and analyse the dynamic linkages between spreads and the ratings of the main credit rating agencies. We find a two-sided relation between rating news and sovereign risk premia. The spillover of rating news is very heterogeneous, and it is substantially stronger for downgrades at lower grades. The impact is often weaker domestically than on bond spreads of other sovereigns. JEL
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Study of the regulation of phosphoenolpyruvate carboxylase activity in higher plants
Škrletová, Denisa ; Ryšlavá, Helena (advisor) ; Müller, Karel (referee)
Phosphoenolpyruvate carboxylase (EC 4.1.1.31; PEPC) is one of the carbon dioxide- fixing enzymes, which yields oxaloacetate from phosphoenolpyruvate and bicarbonate. Regulation of PEPC activity occurs at many levels. In addition to pH and concentration of activators and inhibitors, it is phosphorylation as well. Phosphorylation of PEPC causes a change of kinetic parameters, such as maximal reaction rate, sensitivity to activation or inhibition. Considering that, there is still little information like this about C3 plants and that regulation is in various plant species different, I have dealt with monitoring of the kinetic parameters and regulation possibilities of PEPC isolated from C3 plant sources (Cannabis sativa L., Chenopodium quinoa, Pisum sativum L., Lens culinaris). While the activity of PEPC from leaves of Cannabis sativa L. was decreased by alkaline phosphatase, the activity of PEPC from seeds of Chenopodium quinoa, Pisum sativum L., Lens culinaris was not affected by alkaline phosphatase. The affinity of PEPC from seeds Chenopodium quinoa, Pisum sativum L., Lens culinaris to the substrate PEP was higher than in the case of PEPC from leaves of Cannabis sativa L.. For PEPC from Cannabis sativa L. was found that the apparent dephosphorylation leads to decrease of sensitivity to the...
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Optimalization of some parameters DNA isolation from ancient skeletal remains
Eliášová, Irena
DNA analysis from skeletal materials is significant supplement of the anthropological methods nowadays, especially in cases, where is not possible to obtain required information pursuant to anthropological characteristics of skeletal remains. Many studies dealing with DNA extraction from ancient and recent bones concurred in fact that the most difficult phase in DNA analysis of skeletal materials is its initial manipulation and selection of suitable procedure for DNA isolation. For this thesis, four different isolating techniques (phenol- chloroform extraction, procedure based on silica adsorption - QIAamp DNA Mini kit a DNA IQ System, extraction with Dextran Blue adsorption) were chosen and their parameters were optimized for maximal DNA yield. At comparing the quantification of selected isolating methods performed on recent skeletal materials, the phenol-chloroform extraction resulted as acceptable. This protocol enhanced by PTB (N-phenylacylthiazolum bromide) reagent was used on the skeletal set of eleven specimens from settlement Kněževes near Prague. Further, sex assessment was carried out by the part of amelogenin gene amplification and genetic profiles determined by STR (Short Tandem Repeat) analysis. Probable relationships were estimated on the basic of comparison of genetic profiles among...
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Efficient Gathering of Performance Information on Multicore Systems
Tůma, Tomáš
Modern multicore processors provide performance counters that export information on various essential aspects of software execution, from instruction decoding to cache utilization. Typically, a processor is capable of counting a small subset from hundreds of different event types, the events themselves can occur almost every processor clock tick. This yields a significant amount of data which is difficult to collect without disrupting the execution itself. The goal of the thesis is to apply compressive sampling - a special method of sampling signals that allows to reconstruct sparse signal from a small number of samples - to the performance counter data.
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Plasticity in Tablets from Microcrystalline Cellulose
Reich, Filip ; Řehula, Milan (advisor) ; Musilová, Marie (referee)
A study of parameters (power, speed), affect on force - displacement profile, microcrystalline celulose (AVICEL PH - 102® ) and other types of excipients in direct compression 2007, s. 1 - 73 Filip Reich Charles univerzity in Prague, Fakulty of Pharmacy, Institute of Pharmaceutical technology, Heyrovského street 1203, 500 05, Hradec Králové accepted 15th. may 2007 Abstract Compression behaviour, plasticity, of a direct compression excipient, microcrystalline celulose (AVICEL PH - 102), was studied in this work. The compaction property, plasticity, has been acquired with three methods,two procession with the "one-point" plotting, the last one with the "area" plotting. In this work avicel was tableting with slower and more even increase of the compacting power. Yielded results were compared with results from the studies of other laborers, who were solving the same problem by using different compaciton properties, including the speed of tableting 2 mm/s, and using also the same excipients. The acquired plasticity indicated, that these methods gave compareable results. In the force - plasticity profile we can find two apparent slots, the first characterize the phase before the start of compaction, the second one shows the phase of plastic deformation. The character of the force - plasticity curve in the phase...
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Vazebné vlastnosti enzymů purinnukleosidfosforylasa a thymidinfosforylasa
Strašilová, Kateřina ; Sochor, Jaroslav (advisor) ; Šimůnek, Tomáš (referee)
5. CONCLUSION In this study, the ligand binding properties of two enzymes - purine nucleoside phosphorylase and thymidine phosphorylase - were tested, exploiting a method of surface plasmon resonance in Biacore X instrument. PNP is a ubiquitous enzyme playing a key role in the purine salvage pathway and TP plays an important role in human organism too, especially in pathological processes like inflammation or cancer. Both of enzymes are potential tools for the enzymatic synthesis of nucleoside analogues, which may possibly be used as antiviral or anticancer agents and that are difficult to prepare by chemical synthesis, or are obtained in a low yields. Use of Biacore X instrument helps to reveal how the enzymes interact with their natural substrates or derivatives. This work was focused on searching for the most suitable conditions, at first for immobilizing procedure (coating the surface of the sensor chip with PNP and TP enzyme) and then for interaction analysis between the enzymes and their natural substrates. The present results can be used as starting point for additional investigations of interaction analyses between enzymes and semi-synthetic analogues or they can also contribute to optimize conditions of producing such compounds by biocatalysis. In particular, the use of enzymes as biocatalysts...
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Transdermal in vitro permeation of methoxytacrine IV.
Režňáková, Eva ; Doležal, Pavel (advisor) ; Musilová, Marie (referee)
Rigorosal Thesis 2006, Eva Režnáková Abstract The theoretical section summarizes information about Alzheimer's disease and drugs used for therapy and possible ways the passage of drugs through the skin structure. In vitro permeation experiments using skin samples from excised from pig showed that the samples of 7-metoxytacrine dispersed in TRIS-buffer and propylene glycol yields average fluxes of substantially lower values than the permeation of 7-metoxytacrine from isopropyl myristate vehicle. It was also shown to affect the enhancing transkarbam 12 and both from hydrophilic and lipophilic of the environment. But the acceleration effect of pyrrolidone has not been proved. Azone and transkarbam 12 appears as promising permeation enhancers from isopropyl myristate donor vehicle. In the case of permeation from TRIS-buffer and propylene glycol mixture only transkarbam 12 appears to be suitable accelerant.
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Ego mechanism of defense in alcohol-dependent patients
Červená, Helena ; Niederlová, Markéta (referee) ; Šípek, Jiří (advisor)
The objective of this dissertation was to examine the Ego defense mechanisms and defense styles in alcohol-dependent patients. First, we introduced the phenomenon of Ego mechanisms of defense, presented the brief history resumption, outlined the major topics of clinical research interest and described the possibilities of use of defense mechanisms analysis in a clinical practice, particularly in diagnostics and psychotherapy. The Oefense Style Questionnaire (OSQ 40) was used to examine a sample of subjects (n=60) with an alcohol-dependence diagnosis. Bivariate correlation analyses yielded these results: the alcohol-dependence in women was correlated with mechanisms Idealization, Projection, Oevaluation and Isolation of affect, whereas in men with mechanisms Suppression and Isolation of affect. There was no relation between this syndrome and certain defense style approved. These results confirmed the psychogonical etiology of the above problem in women and suggest the connections with neurotic, depressive disorder, borderline and narcissistic personality disorder. In men, the possible connection between the mechanisms Isolation of affect and antisocial personality disorder is expected.
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Prediction of crop yields using satellite remote sensing
Lukas, V. ; Trnka, Miroslav ; Semerádová, Daniela ; Rajdl, Kamil ; Balek, Jan ; Štěpánek, Petr ; Zahradníček, Pavel ; Hlavinka, Petr ; Žalud, Zdeněk
Knowledge of the crop yield with sufficient lead time prior to harvest is crucial for both the farm management and the agro-food sector policy. The aim of this study was to test feasibility of developing crop yield forecasting model in Czech Republic for winter wheat, spring barley and oilseed rape based on 2000-2014 database of vegetation indices Normalized Difference Vegetation Index (NDVI) and Enhanced Vegetation Index (EVI2) from Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS) on Terra satellite in form of 16-days composites. An average yield data were collected for 14 selected districts in the Czech Republic that represent the regions with more intensive agricultural production among varying climate and topographic conditions. The viability of the concept was proven in years with significant yield decline i.e. 2000, 2003, 2006 and 2012, when yields of cereals were significantly affected by occurred drought periods. More stable regression results were achieved in the most productive areas such as Olomouc and Prerov, whilst models in highland regions were influenced by lower acreage of three modelled crops and higher prevalence of fodder crops. In most cases, EVI2 showed higher correlations to the crop yield together with using an average value of all composites during vegetation period.
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Growth dynamics in selected rabbit breeds
POUSTKA, Milan
The aim of the thesis was performance comparison of selected populations of three breeds of rabbits, the Moravian Blue (Mm), the Viennese Blue (Vm) and the Dutch rabbit (Ho), that is a large, a medium-sized and a small breed. The monitored aspects were the production characteristics (gain weight and carcass yield) and the reproductive characteristics (the average number of kits born, the number of all kits born, the number of live born and stillborn and successfully weaned kits, the rate of successful pregnancies, the milkness of the doe). The population of each of the breeds was monitored in a selected base of 68 litters of the Mm, 65 litters of the Vm and 84 litters of the Ho. The weight gain of rabbits was monitored in regular intervals from birth until the end of fattening, i. e. until 8 months of age in the Mm and the Vm and until 6 months of age in the Ho. The results were compared with the weight gain required by the breed standard. Based on the observed weight gain, a growth curve has been created using the Richards function in Excel and Statistica 12.0. The monthly weight gain of the monitored breeds was compared. The highest average gain in weight for the Mm was 693 g, for the Ho 480g and for the Vm 539 g. The results show a significantly higher gain in weight throughout the growth period of the Dutch rabbit than is required by the breed standard. The Moravian Blue showed a lower average increase in weight during the first five months of age than is required by the breed standard. High statistical dependence (R = 0,94, p < 0.01) between weight gain and the number of kits per litter was observed during the first month. From the second month dependence get lower. Since the third month of age, this dependence could not be proven. Based on the parameters of the growth curve, the inflection point of growth was established at 59.8 days and weight 1 528 g for the Mm, at 43.2 days and weight 895 g for the Ho and at 67.7 days and weight 1512 g for the Vm. The average number of kits per litter was 6.3 for the Mm, 6.48 for the Ho and 6.23 for the Vm. The milkness was calculated according to the weight of the litter at 2 and 21 days of age. The milkness for the Mm was 3 985 g, for the Ho 2 582 g and 3 176 g for the Ho. A significant statistical dependence (R = 0.97 0.98) between the number of kits in the litter and the milkness was found. The mortality rate was at a low level for all monitored breeds, with the highest (5 per cent) for the Vm , followed by 2.9 per cent forthe Ho and 1.4 per cent forthe Mm. Analysis showed the highest carcass yield for the Dutch rabbit (62.4 per cent), but a lower live weight gain. The carcass yield was 59 per cent for the Vm and only 56.1 per cent for the Mm. Overall, the results of the thesis show a bigger live weight gain in case of the Moravian Blue rabbit provided there are higher demands for housing and feeding. Its progeny shows a greater growth potential and, in some aspects, also better reproductive characteristics. On the other hand, the Dutch rabbit paradoxically reached a higher number of kits per litter and better carcass yield, giving meat of greater quality. The Viennese Blue rabbit had a slightly higher mortality rate than the other breeds but also a relatively large weight gain and carcass yield approaching other medium-sized meat breeds. The results of the thesis can be beneficial for novice breeders in helping them choose the right breed, as well as for existing breeders in helping them improve the strengths and eliminate the weaknesses of these breeds.
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