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Philosophical possibilities of question of personal identity
Endrle, Jaroslav ; Palkoska, Jan (advisor) ; Hill, James (referee)
(in English): The topic of this thesis is the problem of personal identity. Its aim is to develop alternative approach to this question. To achieve this, the following course is choosen. Firstly, three most important assumptions are exposed. These assumptions steer debate about this topic in analytic philosophy and are regarded as main cause of its difficulties. These suppositions are - the ontological conception of identity, logical dissociability of mind and body and the method of thought experiment. Essential part of following thesis can be taken as proposal of technique that can overcome these assumptions and problems they cause. This attempt begins at the end of first part with development of general criticism of ontological conception of identity and with presentation of epistemic conception of identity. The second and crucial part deals with the theory of conceptual system. This theory provides a basis for alternative approach to question of personal identity. It will block the logical dissociability of criterions of personal identity - the dissociability of mind/consciousness and living body. It will also serve as fundament for epistemic conception of identity. Finaly, it is used for tracing the origin of concept "person". It will be shown that the concept of person descends from the...
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From Descates' Mind to Kant's Reason
Dekastello, Petr ; Hill, James (advisor) ; Palkoska, Jan (referee)
The basic subject-matter of my research is R. Descartes' Meditations On First Philosophy and I examine the term intellect and its position within the mind and its relation to thought. My work includes a study of sensation and imagination which provide the intellect with "material" to judge. The objective of my thesis is to demonstrate the role the intellect plays in terms of reason and to present an interpretation of the way in which the mind is designated in relation to reason according to Rene Descartes in his writing and in his responses to objections. The position and functions of the intellect are understood as a logical structure of mutual dependence and as the elements essential for the understanding of the human soul substance. At the end of my thesis I demonstrate that the system of reason of R. Descartes might be considered as the basis for the transcendental conception of reason in Kant's philosophy, which leads to an idealistic world conception and is founded on thinking a priori. Powered by TCPDF (www.tcpdf.org)
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Evolution as a Way to God in the Work of Teilhard de Chardin
Jirousová, Františka ; Karfíková, Lenka (advisor) ; Sokol, Jan (referee) ; Macek, Petr (referee)
This dissertation deals with the notion of centration in the work of Teilhard de Chardin, the notion being examined with regard to two related aims: 1) to illustrate the logical structure of Teilhard's Christian theory of evolution, and 2) to explain the relation between centration carried out by created beings and centration assigned to God as the focal point of evolution. In other words: to explore the connection between fundamental freedom attributed by Teilhard to created beings and culminating in human beings according to him, and God's freedom demonstrating itself in controlling the universe and directing it to a goal being the fullness of being (pleroma). The first part presents Teilhard's life and the contexts of his work. The second part explains the main notions of Teilhard's theory and metaphysics, such as "consciousness", "spirit", "energy", "centro-complexity", and "matter", and relates them to the notion of centration. Centration is presented here as an activity of the consciousness consisting in the unifying formation of multitude by its interconnection with different types of relations around one centre. In such unification, the main law of evolution manifests itself - the Law of Differentiating Unity. This means that parts unified in such way start differentiating again. What is...
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The Mestizo Consciousness
Santos Nascimento, André Luis ; Goddard, Jean-Christophe (advisor) ; Novotný, Karel (referee)
"The Mestizo Consciousness" is a research based on the work of the Mexican-American researcher Glória Anzaldúa and her definition of people who live between the borders of the dualism of society, whether they are borders of race, physical borders between countries, moral borders or political, linguistic or sexual borders. By first analysing the place of the mestizo, we will follow the development of this "non-place" from Alzaldúa onwards and the way in which it affects the individual and society. To do this, we will draw on the thought and experience of the authors we have called upon, such as Alzandúa herself, Derrida in "The Monolingualism of the Other" and the life and philosophy of the indigenous Yanomami people, starting with Davi Kopenawa's "The Fall of Heaven". We will show that dualism has been and continues to be present in our society, how it directly affects the life and philosophy of each individual and we will think about the empowerment of those who are outside this model, which passes less through the recognition of this dualism, than through the affirmation, acceptance and admiration of each characteristic that defines the individual in his or her difference. KEY WORDS: ANZALDÚA, DERRIDA, KOPENAWA, METIZA, CONSCIOUSNESS, DECOLONISATION, BORDERLANDS
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Strategy to Decrease Rate of Procrastination While Using Methods Improving Awareness and Emotional Self-regulation
Gealfow, John Altair ; Schüller, David (referee) ; Konečný, Štěpán (advisor)
This diploma thesis is proposing and evaluating a strategy of human resource management in the field of productivity of intellectual workers and students while using insights from scientific research on procrastination and productivity. The suggested strategy implements especially two methods that were found effective for lowering the rate of procrastination in latest scientific studies – the method of awareness and mindfulness and the method of journaling. This diploma thesis includes design and creation of an educational program consisting of video lessons in the field of time-management, techniques of mindfulness and awareness and the method of journaling. Furthermore, it includes running research with a group of students during an exam period, while all participants record information on using the above mentioned methods for the period of 15 days, while the logged information has combined nature between objective information on performance (data on usage of personal computer, data on the amount of work done and time spent on it) and self-evaluation information (subjective evaluation of daily performance and subjective evaluation of perceived daily happiness). This thesis evaluates the suggested strategy on the research sample of 15 university students and is using the methods of input and output questionnaire, same as analysis of the continuous data logged while journaling from the research participants, to evaluate the effectiveness of the proposed strategy. The goal is to be able to apply this strategy in the business practice in human resource management. Another possible application is also improvement of study productivity of students using self-management techniques.
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A comparison of transpersonal theories of consciousness development with regard to the psychedelic experience
Koubková, Daniela ; Chrz, Vladimír (advisor) ; Adámková, Jana (referee)
This theoretical thesis is focused on mapping and comparing the leading psychological transpersonal approaches to the conception of development of consciousness of an individual. This research is exploring the theory of Ken Wilber, Michael Washburn and Stanislav Grof also paying attention to the main disagreement among them regarding the confusion of prepersonal and transpersonal spheres of consciousness. This disagreement is further elaborated in an effort to find a conclusion and to seek for an integrative theory. The theories are compared with regard to the findings about psychedelic experience. The psychedelic experience is psychologically elaborated with emphasis on the current scientific knowledge in the field and their embedding in the context of the developmental theories of consciousness taking the effort of unravelling the pre/trans fallacy and the clinical implications into account. KEYWORDS Developmental theory, consciousness, transpersonal, psychedelics, pre/trans fallacy
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Folk Dualism and the Two Conceptual Realms
Jirout Košová, Michaela ; Peregrin, Jaroslav (advisor) ; Koreň, Ladislav (referee) ; Sytsma, Justin (referee)
The thesis focuses on the irreducibility of the concept of a person to scientific view of the world. The main inspiration for thematising this specific aspect of folk dualism comes from Donald Davidson (two realms) and Wilfrid Sellars (two images). The theoretical sections are complemented by reflexion on results of empirical studies provided mostly by experimental philosophy in order to demonstrate how this approach benefits attempts to reach complex view of philosophical questions that have close connection to moral dimension of human life. The first chapter addresses a wider concept of self and introduces the idea of the necessity to bring the two conceptual realms on the scene: there is a specific conceptual realm (irreducible to physical realm or scientific image) enabling proper grasp of the concept of a person. The subsequent chapters address particular sub-concepts of the concept of self. The second chapter focuses on the concept of free will, and by referring to different views it points to the necessity to bring folk concepts into consideration. It concludes that the folk concept of free agent is transcendent with regard to scientific accounts and bears certain "supernatural" characteristics connected to the concept of conscious will. The third (and central) chapter brings focus on the...
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