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Legislation related to issue of the free access to information in international context
Winkler, Otakar ; Vlasák, Rudolf (advisor) ; Šisler, Vít (referee)
The thesis is focused on some questions stemming from the limitations of the right to free access to information in connection with the implementation of classified information protection in the context of activities of state security organizations. The basic legislation covering this area has been summarized. Further, the thesis explores theoretical as well as practical procedures and principles aimed at minimization of both real and potential threats to individual rights and basic principles of the open society in cases of performance of such sorts of limitations. Besides, some examples of the solutions carried out in certain countries and in addition several decisions of the European Court on Human Rights are mentioned. Finally, the contemporary status of the matter in the Czech Republic is examined.
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Influence of international organization on conflict in its member state: case of Georgia and Abkhazia
Kočer, Jan ; Rolenc, Jan Martin (advisor) ; Trávníčková, Zuzana (referee)
This paper examines the role and the influence of international organizations in ensuring international peace and security, in particular in providing solution and alternative to armed conflict. Key international intergovernmental organizations (UN and OSCE) are seen from different points of view (i.e. legal, international security or theory of international relations) as guarantors of international peace and security. The fundamental goal of this paper is to analyse discrepancy between normative and theoretical premises (legality and legitimacy of possible measures in hands of international organizations) on one side and reality on the other. Elementary is the idea of exceptional role of international organizations in promoting and guaranteeing international peace and security underpinned with status of universal international organization vis-a-vis international crime. These theoretical basics are examined in confrontation with importance, activity and role of international organizations in concrete circumstances. A discrepancy between normativity and reality is methodologically tested by analysis of normative grounds of international community in security relations vis-a-vis general limits emerging from reality of inter-social activity in international relations. These limits are concretized in the part of the paper which analyses the settlement procedure after the conflict in Georgia and Abkhazia.
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The Development and the Role of International Criminal Justice in Today's World
Permanová, Lucie ; Pulgret, Miroslav (advisor) ; Karásek, Tomáš (referee) ; Karlas, Jan (referee)
This thesis deals with international criminal justice, which began to influence international politics during the last twenty years. After the end of the Cold War, a lot of armed conflicts were breaking out. They were accompanied by unprecedented inhuman acts and atrocities. The international community had to find a solution for how to respond to such events. In 1993, the United Nations Security Council acted under Chapter VII of The Charter of the United Nations and decided unanimously upon the establishing of an ad hoc International Criminal Tribunal for the Former Yugoslavia. The Tribunal's role was to prosecute persons responsible for serious violations of international humanitarian law committed during the Balkans conflict. A year later, in 1994, the Security Council decided to establish another ad hoc tribunal - The International Criminal Tribunal for Rwanda, which served to punish the architects of Rwandan genocide. Both tribunals sped up negotiations and the decision to establish the permanent International Criminal Court, whose objective is to help end impunity for the perpetrators of the most serious crimes of concern to the international community. The crime of genocide, war crimes, crimes against humanity and in the future the crime of aggression. Firstly, this thesis analyses the ad...
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Small states in international relations and international security issues
Žáková, Alice ; Sršeň, Radim (advisor) ; Voráček, Emil (referee)
With the collapse of the bipolar system and increasing number and importance of small states, the emphasis is not placed only on the great powers anymore. In the globalizing world states have to face new threats and adapt its security and foreign policy tools. The aim of the thesis is to find out which steps two small countries - Czech Republic and Norway, undertake to ensure their safety and minimize their threats. The first chapter analyzes foreign policies of the selected countries, and decides whether they are really small states. After defining the major threats as terrorism and proliferation of weapons of mass destruction, an analysis of counter-terrorism actions based on the official counter-terrorism strategies of the UN, the OSCE, the NATO, and the EU follows. From this analysis the thesis then concludes that Czech Republic and Norway are small, but not weak states and they may contribute to minimizing global threats.
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Forensic ballistics
Štefan, Alexander ; Štourač, Petr (advisor) ; Musil, Jan (referee)
This thesis is focused on the issues connected with criminalistic ballistics, a forensic discipline, which is closely associated with the criminal law. The thesis is composed of ten chapters, each of them dealing with different aspects of criminalistic ballistic. After introductory part of this work follows the first chapter dedicated to the historical development of the subject. Chapter two describes the term and it is divided into six subdivisions according to the main areas of examination. Each area is solving different tasks and questions. Chapter three continues with an explanation what are the objects of criminalistic ballistic, concretely guns, ammunition and its segments, gunshot residues, subjects affected by the bullets, and other circumstances of the shooting Chapter four provides with the legal regulation of holding the gun and ammunition. Next two chapters are concerned with question, how are created ballistic marks on the bullet and the cartridge case during the process of shot and how to search, collect and secure them. Chapters seven and eight are crucial because they are dedicated to the different methods of criminalistic ballistic investigations, especially those which are used for individual identification or type classification of weapon. In this chapters are also mentioned...
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Priorities of Czech Council of EU Presidency: Case study
Kotík, Jan ; Zemanová, Štěpánka (advisor) ; Kuchařová, Alžběta (referee)
In the 21st century the significance of the EU energy agenda has been growing constantly. The European Union tried to overcome energy crises actively by creating European Security Strategy. The energy agenda has two major parts -- energy security and climate protection. The 2009 Czech EU presidency chose as one of its priorities energy policy. In particular, it promoted support of nuclear energy, deepening of the European neighbourhood policy by creating its own project Eastern Partnership and developed a discussion about Southern Corridor and its main project gas pipeline Nabucco. The aim of this thesis is to show, whether the Czech presidency was pursuing its own national interests by promoting energy policy, or the interests of the whole Union. The structure of this thesis consists of three parts. In the first one, the Council of European Union is described, as well as its functions, possibilities of agenda setting and its evaluation. In the second part, the European energy policy is specified together with the influencing factors for choosing energy policy as one of the Czech priorities. In the last chapter, functions of the Czech presidency are examined and the presidency is evaluated according to criteria mentioned in the first chapter.
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Ensuring the safety of primary school pupils under standard circumstances in municipality České Budějovice
STOKLASOVÁ, Renata
This master thesis deals with the issue of Ensuring the safety of primary school pupils under standard circumstances in municipality České Budějovice. The issue is becoming currently rather topical. By 2014 the security of the educational environment was rather self-evident problem without much greater attention. However, for the last couple of years and months it has been rather clear that this sphere of concern needs to be analysed more carefully than before. Among the recourses used for the analysis of the current safety ensuring there are the introductory information from the available literature as well as publicly available legal regulations and internet resources. The research of the individual legislative documents related to the school safety and we concluded the way how the institutions deal with the ensuring of the safety of primary school pupils under standard circumstances was carried out. Goal of the paper was to analyse safety of the selected primary schools within the municipality of České Budějovice. The research question was defined based on the presented goal, sounding as follows "Is it possible to ensure more safety of the pupils within the selected primary schools than it has been before?". The research method for the goal achieving was chosen to be a qualitative accumulation of the data and the questionnaire method with the primary schools headmasters or the representatives responsible for the sphere of safety within the selected primary schools. The selected primary schools within the municipality of České Budějovice were asked to fill in the questionnaire consisting of thirty questions. It was divided into three areas concerning general information about the school, next the area of the fire safety and the working health and safety protection and finally questions concerning the safety security within the analysed schools. Afterwards the analysis of the thematic report from the Czech schools inspection was carried out. It reflected the current state of the school safety of year 2014. It was compared with the results of the questionnaires. Moreover issues of abroad and Czech Republic attitude to school safety was described and compared. The legislation safety level concerning the primary schools pupils in abroad was clarified particularly the United Kingdom, Northern Ireland and the United States. The initially formulated research question was answered within the documents analysis and the filled in questionnaire. Hence, goal of this diploma paper was fulfilled by analysing the safety of the selected primary schools of the municipality České Budějovice. The issues of primary schools pupils' safety has been underestimated for a long time. The legislation side does not give a sufficient support and the financial support is lacking too. The cooperation between the administrative centres, the school founders and the schools themselves should be more elaborated as well. At present the Czech society is beginning to work with this issue and the preventive measures are being prepared. The modern attitudes will be probably revealed within the upcoming Czech technical regulation ČSN 73 4400 "Criminality Prevention safety management within the planning, implementing and operating of the schools and educational institutions". The discussion and the conclusion of this paper states further effective recommendations relating to the analysed issue. The acquired outputs from the United Kingdom, Northern Ireland and the United States may serve as an inspiration for Czech Republic for ensuring the safety of the primary schools pupils resulting from the fact that the above mentioned countries share more profound experience in this sphere of concern.
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The (Non)necessity of the International Piracy Court
Neugebauerová, Monika ; Trávníčková, Zuzana (advisor) ; Knotková, Vladimíra (referee)
This thesis focuses on the issue of maritime pirate attacks prosecution. The proposal of the establishment of an International Piracy Court is connected to the growth of pirate attacks in the area of the Gulf of Aden off the borders of Somalia between 2007 and 2011. The Somali government was not able to suppress this threat to the international security and pirates often avoided trial. Other countries were not willing to prosecute pirates at their national courts. By that time the thought of the establishment of the new specialized international tribunal arised. The aim of this thesis is to evaluate if there actually is the necessity to create an International Piracy Court in the current local and global situation.
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The Control of Private Military and Security Companies
Turečková, Jana ; Trávníčková, Zuzana (advisor) ; Rolenc, Jan Martin (referee)
The thesis deals with the regulation of activities of private military and security companies in armed conflicts. The aim of the thesis is to outline the current state of mechanism of control concerning the participation of private military and security companies in these conflicts in order to achieve compliance with international humanitarian law and human rights law. The first and the second chapter characterize armed conflicts and the phenomenon of their privatization from the theoretical point of view. The third chapter discusses the mechanism of control on the international level which is based on the Montreux Document. The last chapter describes a self-regulation mechanism in the private security industry, its structure and functionning. The thesis emphasizes the role of the International Code of Conduct for Private Security Service Providers and the ICoC Association, the first oversight body of its kind.
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Legal regulations in sickness insurance and their influence on abuse of sickness benefits
KUNCOVÁ, Věra
Abstract My Bachelor dissertation ``Legal Adjustment of Sickness Insurance and its Influence on the Abuse of Sickness Benefits{\crqq} deals with the interpretation of the legal adjustment of individual sickness insurance benefits after 1st January 2008 and with reasons which may cause the abuse of sickness insurance benefits. The main objective of my Bachelor dissertation is not only to find out these causes but also to refer to the facts which could become a basis for changes and alterations in the legal adjustment of the sickness insurance system since 1st January 2009. My work and conclusions are based on good quality research using the method of half-standardized interviews with six respondents from OSSZ (=District Social Security Administration {--} transl. remark) in Tábor and Pelhřimov, and I also involved the method of documents analysis. The research was carried out on the basis of source materials which were available in OSSZ Tábor in the periods of January and February 2007, August to December 2007 and January and February 2008 and also on the basis of statistical data for years 2005, 2006, 2007 and 2008. The gathered data and interviews results apparently show that there is a tendency to the abuse of sickness insurance benefits in the company. This fact is supported by the legal adjustment both in the area of social insurance and in the area of health insurance, and consequently in the area of the criminal law too. The research established that there might be the abuse of benefits, but on the other hand, if you compare the data showing the amount of finances invested into the sickness insurance benefits in the months of January and February of years 2005, 2006, 2007 and 2008, it is apparent that in February 2008 there is a decline in financial means invested into these benefits. We have succeeded in reduction of expenses on sickness benefits then. And the adoption of the waiting period can partly prevent from sickness benefits abusing too. In spite of that decline which has indisputably resulted from the legal adjustment valid since 1st January 2008 there are remedies that could prevent from further benefits abusing such as a consistent reform in the health service system, introduction of clear rules for checking those who are on sick leave and financial participation of employers during the sick leave of their employees. Concentration of sickness benefits payments for employees of small organizations, for self-employed individuals and for employees of organizations onto OSSZ companies (=District Social Security Administration) should make this paperwork easier and should cause the fall in expenses connected with sickness benefits payments.
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