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Food supplements and iodine supplementation breastfeeding women
IVANOVÁ, Markéta
Iodine is a trace element that is essential for the production of thyroid hormones triiodothyronine and thyroxine. Iodine deficiency had in the past result in many serious diseases and disorders. At present is in the Czech Republic considered mastered. However, Iodine deficiency are vulnerable to specific groups of the population, including pregnant and nursing women, because of their need and the recommended daily dose of iodine is increased. Breastfeeding women should receive adequate amounts of dietary iodine for optimal saturation for themselves and their child. Otherwise, exposing themselves and their child risk of diseases and disorders of iodine deficiency. Increased supply of iodine can be replaced by eating foods rich in iodine. In the event that you cannot increase intake of iodine - rich food preferences in iodine, there are various supplements that contain iodine. The aim of this thesis was to evaluate the intake of iodine supplements and supplements in nursing women and breast-feeding women to assess the awareness for greater needs of iodine and food iodine sources. There were set up the three research questions: How many nursing women used to supply iodine supplements and supplements?, What is the awareness of breastfeeding women need more iodine? and What is the awareness of breastfeeding women about dietary sources of iodine? A quantitative research strategy was used for the implementation of the research. The method used for data collection was made by an anonymous questionnaire. A questionnaire was handed in a printed copy to pediatricians and gynecologists in the southern Bohemia. With the doctors help were invited nursing women to fulfill the questionnaire. Part of the women was invited to complete the questionnaire directly. The research sample consisted of 117 female respondents. The research shows that 62 % of breastfeeding women know why it is important to increased need for iodine during lactation. But only 9 % of women know all the risks of iodine deficiency on the mother mentioned in the questionnaire and only one new mother knows all risk of iodine deficiency for infants listed in the questionnaire. The recommended daily intake of iodine properly reported or estimated 40.2 % of women. It turned out that 46 % of respondents from the research group used food supplements and supplements containing iodine. Each of these respondents used only one preparation with iodine. The most commonly used products were: GS mamavit, a Smart baby and Femibion 400 and Gravital. 43 % of respondents had used a dietary supplement containing iodine from the beginning of pregnancy and in 57 % of the respondents were informed about food supplements through a doctor (gynecologist, pediatrician). The results showed that awareness of breastfeeding women about food sources of iodine is not good. 67 % of women know that settlement higher needs iodine during lactation is possible by eating foods rich in iodine, but all food sources of iodine in the questionnaires (sea fish, seafood and seaweed, iodized salt, and milk and dairy products) registered only one respondent. 39 % of women known as a rich source of iodine, seafood, seafood and seaweed, iodized salt , but none of them knew that the rich and a good source of iodine is also milk and dairy products. Based on the results of the work would be desirable to issue educational print disabled educational material that could be used to increase awareness of not only women who are breastfeeding, pregnant women as well as the higher of the recommended daily dose of iodine and what foods to include in your diet in order to pay the increased intake of iodine. Provide information on supplements containing iodine, which can add missing quantities of iodine, what products are available and what are the currently preferred by nursing women.
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Men's awareness about the issue of testicular cancer.
POSPÍŠILOVÁ, Markéta
Theoretical solution Testicles are the primary male sexual organs producing testosterone. They not only make sperm but also secondary sexual features and the whole personality. We should mainly pay attention to testes in oncology because there are more occurrences of tumors with the men of younger age. These men might be very sensitive about the problems concerning sexual system and that is why the bachelor thesis deals with the issues of men's knowledge of testicular cancer. There is basic information in the thesis about organs anatomy, factor of disease, diagnostics and medical treatment. The thesis is further focused on secondary preventive measures and method of self-examination of testicles. It helps to recognize the problem in time which is in this kind of cancer very crucial. There is also mentioned the role of nurses and their instruction to men about the prevention of testicular cancer, medical care of the patient during the diagnostics, pre-operative preparation, postoperative care and other healing process. Aim of the Thesis Aim 1 Find out how much men are aware in the field of testicular cancer? Aim 2 Find out the change of behavior of men to their health after the operation of testicles? Research Question n. 1 How much men are aware about the problem in their risk age? Question n. 2 How much men are aware of self-examination methods? Question n. 3 In what field has changed the men's behavior to their health after the operation of testicles? Methodology To be able to find out necessary data, qualitative method was picked. To the collection of information was used method of half-standard interview with the questions to the concrete issues. Five respondents in a risk age were approached to the research in the case of malignant tumors origin on testicles and five respondents who had already undergone the treatment of this disease. Information was analyzed, consequently put to the categories and finally evaluated. Results Results of the research showed that men are mostly aware of the problems of testicular cancer. They usually underestimate this disease because they are not informed about the issue enough. Men usually know about the symptoms but most of them have wrong idea about the age occurrence and medical treatment. Preventive method of self-examination is for men usually unknown. Respondents who underwent operation of malignant tumor of testicles are about this method properly instructed. Frequently, according to the results, they make light the return of the disease and also do not practice the self-examination method regularly. Results also revealed that this disease is still somehow a taboo. Some respondents with the successful cure admitted that they were ashamed for this diagnoses. Conclusion The research showed us that men are not informed enough about the malignant tumor of testicles. This also confirms the fact that healthy men do not know the self-examination method. According to the results men who underwent the treatment of testicular cancer are now more informed but they usually underestimate the necessity to do the self-examination regularly. They also admitted in the interview that they were not informed enough before the disease. If they were, their health problem could have been discovered earlier and the high risk of metastasis could have been lower. For all this there is a need to increase the knowledge of the malignant testicle tumors in population which will influence the regular usage of self-examination method and it can also change the attitude of men to their health. Bachelor thesis contains pamphlet about the origin of testicular cancer. It is intended for men who are in risk age and it will be offered as a practical usage in medical facility.
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Jean Ray, a Belgian author of fantasy short stories
Tauchmanová, Jana ; Jamek, Václav (advisor) ; Pohorský, Aleš (referee)
Raymundus Joannes Maria De Kremer, best-known under the pseudonym of Jean Ray, was one of the most important Belgian authors of the first half of the twentieth century. His contribution to literature is immense, both in its volume and in its diversity, stretching well over sixty years of uninterrupted writing. While he wrote mostly short stories of the fantastic genre and adventure novels, he also published detective stories under the pseudonym of John Flanders. A major part of his work was published in newspapers and magazines. Jean Ray was bilingual, which allowed him to write both in French and Flemish, dividing his attention equally between the two. The majority of his writings was published either anonymously or under various pseudonyms. The aim of our thesis is to provide a monograph overview of the said author. The first part situates his work in the context of Belgian literature written in French and the fantastique genre in general. The second part is devoted to his life, with special focus on his literary career. The third part contains analyses of selected parts of his extensive oeuvre. Briefly, we look at the Harry Dickson detective stories. However, the core of our analysis are his fantastic writings, i.e. selected collections of his fantastic short stories and the only fantastic novel...
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Freezing technology of bull sperm in relation to its survivability and fertilization ability
Doležalová, Martina ; Stádník, Luděk (advisor) ; Jiří, Jiří (referee)
The aim of optimalization the insemination doses production is to provide the highest fertilization ability of spermatozoa during the demanding proces of processing fresh semen and its subsequent cryopreservation. Temperature changes causes spermatozoa damage during the cooling and freezing. Spermatozoa is exposed to cold shock and many others limiting factors, which leads to cell death and therefore to decline of fertilization ability of thawed insemination doses. For increasing spermatozoa resistance, exactly the plasma membrane resistance against cold shock was fraction of egg yolk LDL cholesterol (low density lipoprotein) at various concentrations into the comercially produced diluents added. It is believed that LDL acts possitively to plasma membrane and helps to maintain the fertilization ability of spermatozoa after thawing. Following step in the proces of insemination doses production is slow cooling of diluted semen and equilibration, when the straws are store at cooling box for 30 minutes to 240 hours. This period is necessary to penetrate of certain diluent components into the spermatazoa also maintain the balance between their intracellular and extracellular concentration. Also important is subsequent freezing temperature gradient of insemination doses. The most suitable freezing method is based on computer controlled temperature decline in freezing chamber which allows the precise control of ice crystals formation that could tear and kill the cell.
During 2012 to 2016 was repeatedly collected semen from the group of breeding bulls (n = 27, Holstein and Czech Fleckvieh breed) at AI centre. Semen which fulfill the standard entrance conditions in first step was evenly into several parts divided. For dilution the three types of comercially diluents AndroMed, Bioxcell and Triladyl with and without LDL addition were used. Into the diluents AndroMed and Bioxcell the concentration of LDL 4 %, 6 % and 8% into the dilent Triladyl 6 %, 8 % and 10 % was added. Diluted semen was filled into the glass capillares with volume 0,1 ml and temperature +4 °C. Subsequently the sample was placed to cold bath (0°C) for 10 minutes. Then the volume of capillare with physiological solution (37 °C) was mixed and for next 120 minutes was incubate. The effect of cold shock to proportion of live spermatozoa was evaluated by using Eosin and Nigrosine staining technique during heat test of spermatozoa survivability after spermatozoa heating and after 120 minutes of incubation.
The more suitable semen diluents which provide the higher spermatozoa resistance against cold shock were AndroMed and Bioxcell. Together the possitive effect of LDL addition into the diluents to lower decrease of proportion of live spermatozoa during heat test was found (P<0.05). The most suitable LDL concentration which had a favorable influence at spermatozoa resistance against cold shock was 6 % in diluent Bioxcell. Values of the proportion of live sperm were higher at the beginning of the heat test (+1.31% to + 3.2%) and after 120 minute incubation (+5.82% to +8.41%) compared to other diluents with and without addition of LDL.
In the next step the process of equilibration was optimized, is an important part of insemination doses production. The effect of the length of equilibration for subsequent fertilization ability of spermatozoa was evaluated using spermatozoa motility based of CASA and proportion of live spermatozoa after thawing and during heat survival test lasting 120 minutes (37 ° C). Suitable semen was diluted by comercially used diluent AndroMed based on soya lecithin, filled into the straws (0.25 ml), cooled and equilibrated in cooling box for 30, 120 and 240 minutes and freezed in programmable freezing box applying four types of freezing curves differing in temperature rate decline. There was used standard and by producer recommended 3. phase freezing curve, then 2. phase freezing curve, and 3. phase freezing curve with slower as well as rapid decline of temperature rate in freezing chamber, compared with standard freezing curve. The highest spermatozoa motility was found using 240 minutes of equilibration by +2.72% and +4.58% compared to other lengths of equilibration (P <0.05 to 0.01). The highest proportion of live spermatozoa was found using 120 minutes of equilibration (+6.87 % and +8.68 %). The highest average spermatozoa motility during heat test after thawing was achieved by using 2. phase freezing curve (from +2.97% to +10.37%, P <0.05), also in the proportion of live spermatozoa (from + 4.37% to +8.82%, P <0.01). When evaluating interaction between the length of equilibration and freezing curve (standard 3. phase and 2 . phase freezing curve), the highest average spermatozoa motility and proportion of live spermatozoa using 240 minutes of equilibration by both freezing curves was reached, there was no statistically significant differences. As well as, in all evaluated parts of this study the individual differences between ejaculate of bulls and within semen from one bull (P <0.05) as secondary effect were found.
To maintain good fertilization ability of semen during cryopreservation is necessary to increase the spermatozoa resistance against cold shock using addition of correct concentration of LDL into the commercially used diluents AndroMed and Bioxcell. Subsequently the fertilization ability of insemination dose is influenced by cooling, the length of equilibration and freezing. The length of equilibration 120 minutes and more as well as gentle way of freezing according to freezing curve, which ensures a gradual decrease of temperature in freezing chamber provided the higher average spermatozoa motility and proportion of live spermatozoa.
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Individual human odor as a forensic trail in criminal proceeding made by contact or contactless transmission and its resistance to physical agents
Santariová, Milena ; Bartoš, Luděk (advisor) ; Chmelíková, Eva (referee)
The dissertation thesis consists of four papers that have been published in scientific journals.
Study n. 1
The need to recover evidence from water is quite common in criminal investigation. The article deals with the possibility to collect human scent from such objects and with the ability of specially trained dogs to match such scent samples with scent samples collected from detained suspects. During an experiment, designed as a blind one, it has been proved, that human scent can survive on submerged objects and can be later used for scent identification.
Study n. 2
To collect odors the Czech Republic Police use special fabric sorbents manufactured under the registered mark ARATEX. Before use the fabric sorbent is treated by water vapor sterilization. After the scent identification the sorbent is destroyed. The goal of the study was to verify if the vapor sterilization is effective enough to remove human scent that has already penetrated into the sorbent structure or in other words if the sorbent can be exposed to vapor sterilization and then used again. Specially trained dogs were used to match starting odors with target odors in the line-ups. The results showed that dogs are able to correctly match human odors even after they have being exposed to vapor sterilization.
Study n. 3
The purpose of the study was to determine the temperature at which the human scent is degraded so that a dog would not be able to identify it. In contrast to expectations, eight dogs used in the experiment almost flawlessly identified human scents from five scent donors exposed to temperatures of 100°C, 200°C, 300°C, 400°C, 500°C, 600°C, 700°C, and 800°C. Only two of the dogs were able to identify 5 of 15 scent samples exposed to 900°C. No dog identified a scent exposed to 1000°C. Our study verified heat survivability of human scent far beyond existing expectations.
Study n. 4
We tested the hypothesis that if odor fallout (the release of a human odor onto an untouched object) in human subjects exists, then holding a hand above an absorbent will produce a detectable scent which will be subsequently matched in a detection test by trained dogs. Scents were collected from seven males to sterile cotton absorbent squares. The left hand was used to get the control scent and the right hand served as the target scent. Each experimental subject was sitting and his left hand was laid down on a cotton square for 3 min. The right hand was held 5 cm above another cotton square for 3 min. The scent identification was done by two specially trained police German shepherds. Both dogs performed 14 line-ups and correctly matched the collected scents of all test subjects. The results suggest the existence of human odor fallout, whereby a human scent trace is left by humans even if they do not touch an object.
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Total contents and speciation of arsenic and selenium in plants growing in soils with different physico-chemical properties
Tremlová, Jana ; Száková, Jiřina (advisor) ; Vymazal, Jan (referee)
This dissertation thesis deals with uptake, accumulation and transformation of arsenic and selenium in plants growing on soils with different chemico-physical soil properties. The contents of arsenic were investigated in 99 wild plant species, coming from 27 different families and 6 different vegetables growing in arsenic contaminated soils. The results suggest that there are species-specific mechanisms which protects certain plants from the excessive uptake of arsenic from the soil. On the other hand, there are plants using a strategy of accumulation, which theoretically may increase the risk of arsenic entry into the food chain, whether through grazing cattle and wildlife or through consumption of vegetables growing on arsenic contaminated soils. The most prevalent arsenic compounds are AsV and AsIII. Other arsenic compounds occure as minor species. An important finding was detection of arsenobetaine in Plantago lanceolata L. and Carex praecox Schreb ..
The contents of selenium were examined in 73 species of wild plants, coming from 29 different families. The results suggest that naturally low levels of selenium in the soil of selected locations along with a low capability of selenium uptake via collected plant species lead to the low content of selenium in plant biomass which may contribute to selenium deficient throughout the food chain. Foliar application of selenate on wild plant communities and on some types of vegetables in our case Brassica oleracea var. italica can have a positive impact on increasing the selenium content in the aboveground biomass of these plants and by extension, increase the selenium content in the human diet. Dominant selenium compounds in the aboveground biomass of the analyzed plants were SeVI and selenomethionine, with variable proportion of other commonly occurring organic selenium compounds, which is mainly affected by plant species.
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Pain Mapping in the Senior Population : Pain as a Motivating or Limiting Factor for the Application of Physiotherapy
Lavičková, Romana ; Winternitzová, Irena (referee) ; Sládková, Petra (advisor)
In my bachelor thesis which is titled "Pain mapping in the senior population" I set a task to map the most common musculoskeletal pain bothering the senior population. I am also interested in the question of motivation for the application of physiotherapy. The semistructured interview was used for data collection (experimental sample contains 56 probands). To verify the success of physiotherapy as a suitable alternative of pain influence I have already created three case reports. The results clearly show that 89% of the seniors are limited by some type of the pain which is in 82% of cases connected to the locomotor system. The most frequently reported pains were in the area of knee (24% responses), lumbar spine (21.5%) and hip (19.5%). For 79% of all seniors is pain a motivating factor for the application of physiotherapy (motivating factor for active participation). I also elaborated further obtained information interesting for physiotherapy practice relating to the musculoskeletal pain and the willingnes of cooperation into synaptic charts. I noted the positive impact of exercise on pain in the case of case reports.
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A nursing issue: peripheral venous catheter
TOMÁNKOVÁ NOVÁKOVÁ, Monika
Peripheral venous catheter is used to access the venous system. It is one of the most commonly used invasive procedures in health care facilities. This procedure falls within the competence and daily tasks of nurses. Therefore this type of nursing care is susceptible to risk of proceeding routinely which might result in conscious or unconscious errors. Peripheral venous catheter needs to be introduced into the patient's vein in the following cases: planned parenteral nutrition, infusion or transfusion therapy, application of intravascular medication or contrast media, rehydration, blood sampling (which can be performed immediately after introducing the peripheral venous catheter and before administrating medication) and also during an emergency care for critically ill (such as cardiopulmonary resuscitation). Nurses should be as knowledgeable as possible about this issue so that the peripheral venous catheter can be introduced well and fulfil its purpose. It is important to ensure that nurses obtain all the necessary information about their patients before inserting the catheter and that they are able to properly inform the patients about the procedure and to communicate with them. Next, nurses should be familiar with the correct procedure for inserting catheters, they should be informed about possible contraindications and know how to choose the correct type of catheter as well as where to place it. Furthermore, nurses should care for this vascular access correctly and provide the patient with enough information about taking care of the catheter after the procedure. Finally, nurses should be aware of their own potential errors and also of possible complications. Therefore they should employ aseptic technique so that they can eliminate nosocomial infections. The thesis is divided into a theoretical and an empirical part. The theoretical part focuses on the history of peripheral venous catheters and their types, indications and contraindications, necessary equipment, nursing care, complications, etc. The empirical part consists of a research. The aim of the thesis was to map the use of peripheral venous catheters in hospitals as well as to identify factors that may lead to problems among the patients with peripheral venous catheters. Four research questions were assigned to these aims. 1. What is the procedure prior to inserting a peripheral venous catheter? 2. What are the standards of caring for patients with an inserted peripheral venous catheter? 3. In which steps of caring for peripheral venous catheters do the nurses lack knowledge? What equipment do the nurses prepare in order to insert a peripheral venous catheter? The Bachelor's thesis was conducted using a qualitative research survey. The methods of collecting data included semi-structured interviews and participant observations. The research was carried out only in one hospital ward and it was anonymous. First, the data were collected by means of a semi-structured interview. The nurses were asked 14 questions (see Appendix 8). During this interview, several more subquestions were added. The results of the interviews were then grouped into several categories for the sake of clarity. The second method of collecting data was participant observation. The observed facts were recorded into an observation sheet (see Appendix 9). The same nurses who were interviewed were also observed. This Bachelor's thesis has been written in order to provide a basic overview of the peripheral venous catheters. It could be used as an information source for more experienced as well as novice nurses. The practical output of this Bachelor's thesis is a nursing care standard concerning peripheral venous catheters. This standard was missing in the hospital ward and could help the nurses to take care of these vascular accesses, to proceed correctly and eliminate possible errors (see Appendix10).
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Comparison of intercultural competences of nursing staff in the Czech Republic and German-speaking areas
TÝLEOVÁ, Tereza
The increasing migration of population in the 21 century causes development of multicultural societies. With the increasing number of foreigners in individual countries it is possible to also presume an increasing number of patients/clients from different cultures in medical facilities. These facts require modern attitude to nursing, developing of transcultural nursing, implementing multi- and transcultural education in the health care education and propagation of multicultural conception of nursing between the nursing personnel. The result of these necessary changes should be the ability to provide effective nursing care which is culturally adjusted to the patient/client that would also take their specifics, customs and traditions of their culture into account and that would saturate all their biological, psychological, social and spiritual needs according to their race, nationality or belief. This thesis deals with multicultural nursing and confronts cultural competence of the nursing staff in Czech Republic with that in German-speaking countries. This thesis aim is to state the level of multicultural competence of the nursing staff and explore conditions provided to the nursing personnel of the hospital for giving culturally adapted care to patients-foreigners. The results of the research give an overview of the state of culturally competent care in comparable medical facilities in Czech Republic, Germany, Austria and Switzerland. They will also give a feedback to the questioned hospitals. Such information may alert their management to possible lack of knowledge of their nursing personnel and help them direct its further education. The theoretical part of the theses defines the basic concepts regarding culture, ethnic groups, race or nation, formulates the difference between the terms "multicultural" and "transcultural" nursing, multicultural education and culturally competent care, compile the most common sections of specific cultural needs of the individuals. In short it also processes J. Campinha-Bacote's model of cultural competence in health care delivery, the Papadopoulos, Tilki and Taylor Model for developing cultural competence and the Purnell Model for cultural competence. It also shortly deals with nursing frameworks for acquiring cultural data, such as the Sunrise model from M. Leininger, the Giger and Davidhizar Transcultural assessment model and Bloch's ethnic/cultural assessment guide. The empirical part processes and evaluates data obtained during the quantitative research. The accumulation of the data was conducted through anonymous questionnaires that were distributed between the nursing personnel of internal and surgical wards of the hospitals in Czech Republic and in German-speaking countries. In Czech Republic these were hospitals in Prague and in Tábor, in Germany a hospital in Dortmund and one in Cottbus, in Austria the hospitals in Salzburg and in Weiz and in Switzerland a hospital in Aarau and one in St. Gallen. The collection of the data was conducted either on-line or by way of printed questionnaire forms. The acquired data were valorized and sorted into diagrams and tables for further clarity. From the respondent´s answers follows that the queried medical facilities in Czech Republic do not provide sufficient conditions for their workers to give culturally competent nursing care on such a level, as it is at the facilities questioned in the German-speaking areas. The results also show that language skills of the nursing personnel in these hospitals in Czech Republic are worse than those in the German-speaking countries. With the level of multicultural competence the situation is similar; in this field Czech nursing personnel does not match their foreign counterpart. It is necessary to remark that this research sample of two hospitals from each of the countries is insufficient for the results to be applied on the whole Czech Republic or German speaking countries.
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Lifestyle of patients with peripheral arterial disease before and after surgery
REZKOVÁ, Helena
Theoretical background: Peripheral arterial disease is a serious disease of Loir limb arteries which originates from atherosclerosis. The theoretical part deals with the lifestyle. There are mentioned basic risk factors of chronic forms. Further described are the pathophysiology changes generated on the basis of atherosclerosis and related causes for the origin of the disease. Subsequently there are explained methods of classification, developed clinical symptoms, diagnosis and therapy. This section also looks at the role of a nurse in the care of patients with peripheral arterial disease. Objectives: The aim of this work was to evaluate how patients with peripheral arterial disease changed their lifestyle after invasive vascular surgery. There were provided the following research questions: How do patients with peripheral arterial disease approach to the prevention of risk factors? What is in patients with peripheral arterial disease the main impuls for the possible change of their lifestyle? What influences surgery patient's attitude to risk factors for peripheral arterial disease? How crucial is a lifestyle change in patients after surgery for peripheral arterial disease? Methods: The theoretical part is processed using expert sources. The empirical part of the theses was processed using qualitative research. The chosen technique for data collection was semi-structured interviews with patients, with prepared open questions. The research was done in several phases - the first interview was conducted at the patient admission department (before surgery), followed by the next phase after three months, and 6 months after surgery. The interviews were recorded on a prepared form, then transcribed into electronic form and analyzed by open coding method. Results: The research showed that surgery can sometimes be triggered by changes in the patient's lifestyle. The first interviews in the preoperative period focused on how respondents felt, what was their lifestyle before surgery for atherosclerotic changes of the lower extremities. One of the questions was focused on patient knowledge about risk factors for the development of PAD and possible prevention. The second phase of interviews took place 3 months after the surgery. It dealt with the question about the respndents´ lifestyle, the respondents in the postoperative period, whether there were any changes. Some positive changes occurred in eating and there were some changes in doing physical activity. The third stage was carried out six months after surgery, again in order to detect changes in lifestyle. Minor changes came in smoking habits, the issue of diet and physical aktivity. Questions were also focused on the psychological level. We found out who helped patients and what was most motivating in implementing changes. In the conclusion/summing up question the patients marked themselves ow they managed to make a change. Conclusion: The number of patients with peripheral arterial disease and other cardiovascular diseases is increasing. The basis is the start to modify risk factors, namely tobacco use,dietary habits, physical activity. The medical staff members participate on changes in patients´ lifestyle by appropriate education. The problem occurs when the patient despite the support of close people can not cope to carry a twist in their life. There should a medical staff member offer a professional help to deal with this important step. Practical use: The aim is to draw attention to the expansion of education about lifestyle changes for patients diagnosed with PAD also in the postoperative period. Patients who are released to home care should receive enough information that would convince them to change their attitude towards their health, and that surgery is only one of the ways to prevent further attacks and complications. Results can improve communication with patients and focus on increasing their awareness and possibly offer assistance.
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