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Properties of selected varieties of tall fescue and their utilization for Lawns
Zachař, Jakub ; Svobodová, Miluše (advisor) ; Klára, Klára (referee)
Grass and its cultivation is being explored in breeding and maintenance for many years. The theme of this thesis is the evaluation of fifteen varieties Tall fescue (Festuca arundinacea Schreb.), which is a hardy robust species with short underground projections, curled leaf composition, wide, very rigid, reverse side rough and shiny on the cheek and fluted leaves. It tillers extravaginal and creates a dense turf. Its great advantage is the strong root system and certain symbiosis (mutualism) with a fungus of the genus Endophyte Neotyphodium, making it resistant to a variety of stresses. The aim is to detect differences intervarietal Tall fescue (Festuca arundinacea Schreb.), Which the Czech Republic is not yet used in the monitored indicators (coverage, color, texture, height stand in a certain time interval, the overall impression). In the future, we can expect increased demand for socalled. low input lawn, because of their tolerance to drought, high and low temperatures and diseases, and especially due to the low need for inputs.
The next chapter describes the properties of each of the individual varieties of tall fescue ( Festuca arundinacea Schreb . ) , which are: Barcesar , Barfelix , Barlexas , Barleroy , Cochise , Debussy , Fine Lawn, Galatea , Kontiki , Olympic Gold , Rembrandt , Regiment , Starlett , Palladium and Zuzana.
An attempt was founded in late August of 2012 a demonstration and experimental plot in the immediate vicinity of the Czech University of Life Sciences in Prague Suchdol, using 15 varieties of tall fescue (Festuca arundinacea Schreb.). Each variety was planted on a plot measuring 1 x 1 meter (one square meter), while calibrating 35 g per m2 in triplicate. Only varieties Barfelix (BF) were sown only in duplicate. Values are obtained climatic conditions at a given for 2014, 2015 and the long term average. The average temperature for the year 2014 was 10.7 ° C and 2015 it was 10.8 ° C which shows that compared to the long term average for those two years the average temperature of almost 2 ° C higher. Annual precipitation for the year 2014 amounted to 571.4 millimeters, which is more than 45 mm more than the long term average, but the annual rainfall for 2015 was only 370.6 millimeters, which is more than 200 mm less than the long term average . 2015 is generally ranked the driest years ever. Measurements were taken every 14 days and a total of 8 measurements were performed, the first measurements were made on 21 May 2015. Since that date, followed by
a total of 5 measurements, namely to July 21, 2015. After that date, followed by a nearly two month break because of the long lasting droughts. For individual varieties of tall fescue were performed in triplicate measurements of height increase in the crop, according to the method EN 735 933 determination of sward height of natural turf. Furthermore, coverage was measured (resistance to weed) according to method EN 735 930 Method C using the points of the frame. Spot frame was in this case replaced by a string measuring 100 cm long split 5 cm, whereby on each parcelce 1x1m were two repetitions.
Results were evaluated using the statistical program ANOVA (LSD, "alfa" = 0.05). Varieties of Paladium (88.3%), Kontiki (87.5) and Zuzana (87.5%) had the highest coverage demonstrably compared to all other varieties. On the contrary, the worst results in a variety of coverage reached Debussy (82.5%), Barfelix (83.3%) and Regiment (83.3%). Conclusive were the differences between other varieties. Olympic Gold varieties (85.8%), Barleroy (85.8%), Cochise (86.7%) and Barcesar (86.7%) were Although demonstrably inferior varieties of palladium, Kontiki and Susan, but also have a palpably better than varieties Barlexas (84.2%), Fine Lawn (84.2%), Starlett (85%), Rembrandt (85%) and Galatea (85%), but which were thus demonstrably better than varieties Debussy Barfelix and Regiment. Variety Fine Lawn conclusively reached its greatest values in growth rate and height above ground organs. When the average height was 6.4 cm in the dry season, however, showed no increase and vice versa suffered from drought, while significantly lowest results in this regard amounted to a variety of Paladium, which reached an average height of only 4.4 cm, which when mowing to 4 cm represents an average increase of just 0.4 cm. The varieties are fully resistant to stress, in the form of drought and high temperatures (Barfelix, Barlexas, Barleroy, Debussy, Galatea, Rembrandt and Starlett), less tolerant (Cochise, Zuzana) and some show no tolerance and conversely, suffer from drought (Barcesar, Fine Lawn , Kondiky, Olympic Gold, Paladium and Regiment). For all varieties was seen very good recovery after a stressful period.
It has been proven that the different varieties of tall fescue from each other in some respects differ , and a wide choice is thus able to fill in a diverse range of applications tall fescue all various environmental conditions or conditions of intensity of cultivation , while its use is possible in increasingly mentioned system low input grassland.
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