|
Genetic structure of local domestic breeds
Neradilová, Silvie ; Baranyiová, Eva (advisor)
A switch from hunting to beginnings of farming and agriculture was a crucial step for humans and for developing civilization. This period was suitable for domestication processes. Dogs were the first domesticated animals at all. Their breeding was connected with settlement and cattle protection and they were used as shepherd and hunting dogs. In some cultures they are even used as food source. Recent trends lead to breeding of new breeds and division of original gene pool into smaller closed groups which lead to an increase of homozygosity and to display recessively inherited diseases. These effects are mostly visible in small local breeds that have a small population size. Global protection of genetic diversity in cattle, poultry and pigs was already addressed in many studies, probably because of the high economic value of these animals. Impact of domesticated carnivores to humans is comparable and due to the growing market in veterinary services it is needed to protect sufficient genetic variability of various unique races. The aim of this work is to compare selected local breeds of dogs from different regions of origin, to evaluate their overall genetic diversity, to determine the occurrence of candidate types of diseases and to compare the frequency of these diseases in selected breeds. Main output is to recommend appropriate methods to protect the gene pool of these unique races. Central European breed (e.g. Český Fousek), subtropical breed (e.g. Sarplaninec), tropical continental breed (eg. Basenji), tropical island breed (e.g. The New Guinea Singing Dog) will be selected. The material will be collected at exhibitions and in cooperation with local farmers. The samples will be processed by classical methods of population genetics in the laboratory of molecular genetics FTZ ČZU.
|
|
Denial of Service incidents
Rejman, Jakub ; Veber, Jaromír (advisor) ; Klíma, Tomáš (referee)
This bachelor thesis deals with the denial of service incidents. The first half of the thesis presents the most important terms that are later used in the thesis. These terms are: incident, cyber attack, ISO 27035, denial of service attacks and distributed denial of service attacks. The first half of the thesis then describes typical profile of those who perpetrate denial of service attacks and their usual motives. Finally, the first half of the thesis displays several approaches to clasification of denial of service attacks. The second half at first describes and analyzes selected methods of denial of service attacks. The second half of the thesis then analyzes defense against denial of service attacks. Using the afforementioned analysis, the final part of the thesis displays the author's own proposed compilation of denial of service incident response plan.
|
|
The study of molecular and biochemical bases of cytochrome c oxidase deficiency
Veselá, Kateřina ; Zeman, Jiří (advisor) ; Farghali, Hassan (referee) ; Drahota, Zdeněk (referee)
This thesis has been worked out in The laboratory for study of mitochondrial disorders (Department of Pediatrics, 1st faculty of Medicine, Charles Univezity in Praha), which serves as the diagnostic center for patients from Czech and Slovak Republics. During the last years, more than 40 children with isolated COX deficiency were diagnosed in our lab. But molecular background except 12 patients with mutations in SURF1 gene was remaining unknown. Due to the lack of adequate treatment for these patients, the genetic counseling and the possibility of prenatal diagnostics have high importance for the families. The possible dual origin of the defect with different hereditary aspects makes the genetic counseling in the affected families complicated and prenatal diagnostics based only on biochemical analyses very problematical if even possible. This work had been arisen basically from the necessity to find the molecular background of isolated COX deficiency in our patients. In addition of simple characterization of molecular background and optimalization of methods for routine diagnostics, we were able to study the impact of several mutations in nuclear genes for COX assembly factors on the biochemical, structural and histochemical level in affected tissues.
|
|
Noise and its health hazards, noise studies and preventive measures
Barvířová, Šárka ; Hrnčíř, Evžen (advisor)
In my work I have focused on evaluating health risks in the work-environment. I describe a biological effect on the auditory apparatus and the adverse effects of noise on human health, the breakdown of noise according to its types and its sources. The results show that the noise does not cause specific disease to the exposed persons, but generally their health status is getting worse and contributes to the earlier breakout of disease that would otherwise be reflected later and worsens their procces. In the part of the prevention and protection the options are described in the work and off - work environment . The most important prevention of noise I would firstly state above all the legislative measures. The most effective precaution is to reduce noise at its source. Further it is in my work dealt with the possibilities of the noise measurement and division of work with exposure to noise in four categories, which are set by legislation. In conclusion, I described a case report in assessing health risks in the work of health professionals, including hygienic stations, including the public health surveillance of health conditions discharging noise limits established the law to protect public health. The case report is presented a procedure for resolving complaints about noise from a music club.
|
|
Mophological and molecular diversity of a tropical tree species Guazuma crinita in the Peruvian Amazon
Tuisima Coral, Lady Laura ; Lojka, Bohdan (advisor) ; Helena, Helena (referee)
Fast growing tree species Guazuma crinita (Malvaceae) was selected as a priority species for domestication in the Peruvian Amazon due its important contribution to the livelihood of local farmers. Its domestication process is still in an early age as for many tropical tree species little is known about its genetic variability and we dont know anything about the impact of domestication on its genetic resources. The main objective of this research was to assess the genetic variability of G. crinita within and among populations in the Peruvian Amazon by the use of morphological (wood physical traits) and molecular (ISSR and AFLP) markers.
Wood physical properties among six G. crinita provenances were evaluated. Wood samples were drilled from the base middle and top of the stem of 12 randomly selected eight-years-old trees for determination of wood measurement. Pearson correlations between physical properties were also determined. All wood physical properties except green density differed significantly among provenances. We also found statistically significant variation due to stem level position. The moderately dense wood and the coefficient of anisotropy (1.6) suggested that G. crinita has stable wood; they represent important advantages in terms of costs for transport and transformation process. The results suggested potential to select provenances with desirable wood properties for further breeding and domestication. Due to the variation found even in limited tree samples it is recommended further analysis with more extensive number of samples from different provenances and planting zones.
This research presents the first assessment of genetic variability based on inter-simple sequence repeat (ISSR) markers for 44 G. crinita genotypes from a clonal garden multiplication established in the Peruvian Amazon Research Institute (IIAP) in Ucayali region. Ten ISSR primers amplified a total of 65 bands of which 61 were polymorphic (93.8%). The range of DNA amplification varied from 260 to 2200 bp. Among the provenances overall genetic differentiation (Gst) was 0.03 indicating 97% of genetic diversity within provenances. Gene flow (Nm) was 12.9 alleles per generation. Cluster analysis was not related with geographic origin suggesting a common gene pool which was supported by calculation of weak positive correlation was found between genetic and geographic distance.
With the use of AFLP markers an insight on how domestication process does impact G. crinita genetic resources is also reported on this research work. I was able to generate fingerprint for 58 leaf samples representing eight provenances and three population types, 19 from a natural regenerated population 15 cultivated in home garden nursery and 24 from a collection of genotypes considered as semi-domesticated population. Seven selective AFLP primer combinations were used. A total of 171 fragments were amplified with 99.42% of polymorphism at species level. Each type of population generated fragments with 72.51% 49.12% and 54.39% of polymorphic fragments respectively. Neis genetic diversity and Shannon index information were found to be higher in the population of natural regeneration compared to overall semi-domesticated population (He = 0.10 and 0.9; I = 0.19 and 0.16 respectively). The analysis of molecular variation (AMOVA) showed higher variation within provenances rather than among (84% and 4% respectively). UPGMA clusters analysis and PCoA did not showed correspondence between genetic and geographic distance in addition their correlation was not significant. There was a significant genetic differentiation among types of population suggesting slight genetic bottleneck in semi-domesticated populations yet with relatively high levels of genetic variation.
In situ conservation for populations with high levels of genetic diversity was recommended. In addition proper management of natural regeneration and ex situ genotype collections might be a good conservation strategy to maintain G. crinita genetic resources.
The use of morphological (wood physical traits) and molecular markers were successful to reveal genetic variability of G. crinita and they could be used for other tropical tree species. For further researches it is emphasis to extent the number of samples and geographic scale.
|
|
Hereditary and non-hereditary factors affecting the quality of rapeseed oil
Zemanová, Kateřina ; Sedláková, Vladimíra (advisor) ; Bečka, David (referee)
This literature review study quality of rapeseed oil in details, depending on heritable and non-heritable factors. Consumption of rapeseed oil is growing every year and in addition to use in human nutrition is also used in animal feed industry or as fuel for motor vehicles. The rapeseed oil has especially a large representation of oleic acid. Furthermore, it is linoleic acid and linolenic acid and undesirable erucic acid, whose quantity is considerably reduced. It is important to mention glucosinolate content, as antinutritional substances, which is reduced together with erucid acid which is known as "00" rapeseed oil. All these components are described in details in this review. The content of fatty acids in rapeseed oil may be influenced both genetic factors and environmental factors. Selection plays a significant role in breeding. Suitably selecting the correct genotypes along with environmental influences can reach the desired target. An important role is played by the synthesis of fatty acids, where in using a desaturation enzymes of fad series, there is desaturation of stearic acid to oleic acid, linoleic acid and linolenic acid. With QTL method, it can be detected genetic background of quantitative traits. Major genes responsible for the quality of rapeseed oil are located on the chromosome A, namely A1, A3, A5 and A8, which are mentioned in the work.
|
|
Dendritic cells and their importance in immune response
Vávrová, Jitka ; Rožková, Daniela (advisor) ; Bartůňková, Jiřina (referee)
Dendritic cell (DC) is the most effective antigen presenting cell in human organism. Dendritic cells plays important role in immunity response because they stimulate naive T-lymfocytes. This propeliy is very useful in immunotherapy of tumor diseases. The general aim of this work was to optimalize operating protocol for preparation vaccine containing dendritic cell s for patients with ovarian carcinoma. We examined single parts of process of preparation and their impact on result of whole process. We were interested in used plastic, from which are culture bottle made, and its impact to maturation of dendritic cells. Next thing that we examined was if we use the same kind of maturation reagent, type poly I:C, from different producers, will be dendritic cells maturated in the same way. After made vaccines are freezed to -80DC to keep their immunosupresive properties. We examined if DCs after defrosting have the same properties like before. We also examined diferent types of medium used for freezing and their impact to fenotype and service life ofDCs. Powered by TCPDF (www.tcpdf.org)
|
| |
|
Education of Adults with health disablement
HODOUŠOVÁ, Jana
The subject matter of these bachelor graduation theses is the education of handicapped adults. I have focused the theoretical part on the explanation of some basic concepts such as lifelong learning and study, andragogy, special pedagogy (in the sense of particular types of afflictions and their specifics in relation to education). I have dedicated the applied part of these theses to the description of the target of the theses, the description of research methods, and the description of my results. These are the targets of my research: 1. to learn the further training possibilities for handicapped adults; 2. to learn the evaluation of these further training possibilities by handicapped adults themselves. I have chosen the qualitative type of research, the method of questioning and the technique of the dialogue for the research implementation of my theses. The research took place in non-profit-making organizations which associate handicapped people, or which provide some services for them, in the period from February 2009 to April 2009. For selection of establishments I used the Guidebook Throught Social Services of the City of České Budějovice 2009, this document can be used by handicapped people, if they look for a service. I approached 11 organizations altogether; two of them refused to participate in my research. In research group no 1 there were 35 handicapped people, from 15 to 64 years old. In research group no 2 there were 9 employees of those organizations which provide services for handicapped people in the region of České Budějovice. Research results demonstrate that respondents do not have proper view of further training possibilities for handicapped adults. Most of them were not able to answer my question whether their further training possibilities are sufficient, or not. Other results of my research demonstrate that employees of non-profit-making organizations situated in České Budějovice know about at least one establishment which is engaged in further training of handicapped people. Only one respondent was ignorant. These bachelor graduation theses can be used by educational institutions which offer further training for handicapped people, and by non-profit-making organizations which apply themselves to those people. Furthermore, these theses can be used by The Bureau of Labour in České Budějovice as well.
|
|
Human behaviour in a crisis situation
Kreislová, Jana ; Kebza, Vladimír (advisor) ; Hurt, Pavel (referee)
This baccalaureate work deals with human behaviour in crisis situations. The intention of this work is to recognize circumstances, background, causes and process of home violence as a specific crisis situation. In the theoretical part first of all there are defined terms as crisis, stress, home violence and the other terms related with given matters. The work deals with the explanation of the concept of the crisis from the point of view of its types, the cause of the crisis, its determinants, and the work does not miss the crisis process. The next bigger chapter concentrates on the concept of stress. Above all it describes how the stress is explained and which way the stress situation can influence the person. The focus of the work lies in the home violence definition. It concentrates on the explanation of the concept and on the description of typology of violence, its forms, cycle, causes and consequences of violence. Except mentioned matters there are also analyzed characteristics of violent persons from the point of view of men and women. The last chapter of the theoretical part deals with the crisis intervention and gives the survey of possible ways of help in case of threat and health hazard due to home violence. The practical part of the work pays attention to the analysis of carried interviews which characterize and support the described problems with the viewpoint of home violence victims.
|
guest ::
