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Economic analysis of selected towns and villages
Šorová, Milena ; Homolka, Jaroslav (advisor) ; Milena, Milena (referee)
The thesis Economic analysis of selected towns and villages is divided into two main parts. In the first part there are approached the theoretical bases of local government units, method of funding of them and the rules for treatment with funds. The second, practical part, focuses on the detailed analysis of the financial management of the municipalities Jindřichov and Staré Město. After introductory information about the selected municipalities, follows detailed analysis of revenue and expenditure and the class of financing of the budget in years 2010 - 2014. For the possibility of mutual comparison there are some of the data recalculated per capita.
In the end of the thesis is coming to evaluation their financial management, which does not show major problems by both villages. The worse situation with respect to the indicator of the indebtedness is in the city Staré Město, which uses to funding of the ongoing operations the short-term bank credits, which are repaid from received transfers, but even here it is not a significant risk management with entrusted funds. To municipalities are suggested possible measures to reduce risks by indebtedness and these were provided them for contemplation.
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The nursing care for the patients with "diabetic leg" after using SONOCA 180 in combination with the damp healing technic
VÍTÁMVÁSOVÁ, Kateřina
Abstract The Bachelor Thesis ?Treatment for ?diabetic foot? after application of SONOCA 180 apparatus in combination with wet healing technique? is divided into a theoretical and a practical part. The theoretical part analyses the development of wound healing from history to present. It also describes diabetes mellitus disease, its classification and complications. The issue of diabetic foot syndrome we are dealing with in the Thesis is related to diabetes mellitus. The disease may be treated traditionally or applying modern methods, which include the ultrasound apparatus SONOCA 180 and wet healing of wounds. This ultrasound technique combined with wet healing of wounds is the main topic of our thesis. The practical part involved a qualitative research method ? semi-controlled interview and case studies of patients with diabetic angiopathy, who were treated by the SONOCA 180 apparatus combined with wet healing of wounds. We applied the method to a patient with diabetic angiopathy, who had been treated traditionally. We first prepared the case studies and then we talked to them about selected topics. We prepared 14 questions that directed our interviews. Patients hospitalized at the surgery ward or visiting the surgery outpatient room of České Budějovice Hospital were the respondents; we spoke to 4 patients A semi-controlled interview was conducted with 5 nurses of the surgery ward of České Budějovice Hospital. The interview consisted of 10 questions and dealt with the topics of diabetic foot syndrome treatment, SONOCA 180 ultrasound method combined with wet healing of wounds. The aim of the work was to discover the effect of SONOCA 180 application in combination with wet healing on treatment of wounds. The second goal was to find out the differences in healing after standard treatment and after application of this technique and to find out the opinion of patients on the technique. The research among the respondents showed that SONOCA 180 greatly contributes to healing of wounds, but it has individual effect on each patient. SONOCA 180 provided quicker healing of wounds than the traditional method, but the treatment as a whole also depends on the patient?s health condition, the appearance of the treated defect and the phase of healing. Our Thesis might serve in practice as a guide for closer familiarization with the SONOCA 180 apparatus in combination with wet healing of wounds and thus provide the clients with the diabetic foot syndrome with more information on this method, and medical staff with wider knowledge of this new technique. This is why a brochure (Annex 15) was prepared to inform patients and medical staff on the SONOCA 180 apparatus and wet healing of wounds.
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Genetic Diversity of Semi-captive Population of Western Derby Eland (Taurotragus derbianus derbianus) in Senegal and Phylogenetical Relationships between Western Derby Eland (T. d. derbianus) and Eastern Giant Eland (T. d. gigas)
Zemanová, Hana ; Lukešová, Daniela (advisor) ; Jarmila, Jarmila (referee)
Representatives of family Bovidae are subjects of many studies concerning with their phylogeny, phylogeography, time of divergence or genetic diversity. Taxonomy is solved by comparison of morphological characteristics or by genetic approaches, genetic diversity could be solved by pedigree or by genetic analyses too. Tragelaphinae number nine species of two genera, Tragelaphus sp. and Taurotragus sp. The antelopes of the genus Taurotragus (T. derbianus and T. oryx) belong to the largest antelopes of the world. Derby eland (Taurotragus derbianus) has two subspecies, Western Derby eland (T. d. derbianus) and Eastern Giant eland (T. d. gigas), which are distinguished on the basis of morphological characteristics. Western subspecies (T. d. derbianus) is classified as critically endangered. There lives the only population in Niokolo Koba National Park in Senegal, which numbers fewer than 200 individuals. For the conservation, the semi-captive breeding programme has been established in 2000. It was created by six founders (one male and five females), which are presumed to be non-related. The population within this programme had 95 living individuals in 2013, living in seven herds in Bandia and Fathala reserves in Senegal. The population is under breeding management, which efforts to minimize kinship of the individuals. Studbook was established for the Western Derby eland (T. d. derbianus) in 2008 and is published annually. It acts about small population with low number of founders and no gene flow, which is threatened by inbreeding and genetic drift. Genetic diversity of the population was evaluated by means of microsatellite markers and the results were compared with the results of pedigree analysis. Pedigree analysis showed the highest genetic diversity in the generation of founders (FOUNDERS). It decreased in the generation of founders' offspring (OFFSPRING 1; born in season 2007/2008), due to the fact, that the only male took part in the reproduction. And it increased again in the generation of offspring of founders' offspring (OFFSPRING 2; born in the season 2009/2010), because more individuals were included into the reproduction. Fifteen individuals and five polymorphic microsatellite loci (from the total number of 13 tested loci) were chosen for the genetic study. The parameters of genetic diversity (HE and HO, Ar and deviations from Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium, and FIS and FST) were evaluated. Not any deviations from Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium were found out. The results of genetic analysis confirmed the highest genetic diversity in the population of founders (Ar = 2.79; HE = 0.664; HO = 0.750; FIS = --0.154). In both generations of offspring values of allelic richness and observed and expected heterozygosity decreased (Ar = 2.15; HO = 0.580; HE = 0.586 in OFFSPRING 1 and Ar = 2.14; HO = 0.370; HE = 0.480 in OFFSPRING 2). Contrary to the results of pedigree analysis, there was not been observed any improvement in OFFSPRING 2. The resultant values of genetic diversity parameters were quite satisfactory, despite of the low number of founders and mating of related individuals.
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Influence of nematophagous fungi on populations of important phytoparasitic nematodes, family Heteroderidae, in the Czech Republic
Hussain, Manzoor ; Ryšánek, Pavel (advisor) ; Vadlejch, Jaroslav (referee)
We report on studies aimed to evaluate the effects of five nematophagous fungi on population dynamics of northern root knot nematode, Meloidogyne hapla and sugar beet cyst nematode, Heterodera schachtii in laboratory and greenhouse trials. During our biocontrol studies, mainly five fungal species Arthrobotrys oligospora, Dactylella oviparasitica, Clonostachys rosea, Stropharia rugosoannulata, and Lecanicillium muscarium were isolated from eggmasses of nematodes during root and soil samples collected in Czech Republic and tested against Meloidogyne hapla in carrots while Heterodera schachtii in sugar beet, both in-vitro and in-vivo fashions. All fungi exhibited varied type of infection on nematodes but L. muscarium proved to be the most potential bioagent in controlling nematode population enormously. Lecanicillium muscarium not only halted nematode reproduction factor (Pf/Pi) but also escalated plant growth. Plant root systems treated with L. muscarium were observed colonized by fungi while seen under microscope which depicted that fungi provided a protecting shield or body guard against plant parasitic nematodes. Moreover, L. muscarium was further compared with commercially available nematicides and a fertilizer to justify its highly potential for diminishing nematode population. L. muscarium along with nematicides and fertilizer had dramatic effects in reduction of both nematodes (M. hapla, H. schachtii) population in soil but improvement of plant growth was only noticed in case of L. muscarium. The chemical nematicide, Dazomet had some negative effects which appeared in the form of chlorotic spots on leaves which further suggested that there were some the phytotoxic effects.
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Mophological and molecular diversity of a tropical tree species Guazuma crinita in the Peruvian Amazon
Tuisima Coral, Lady Laura ; Lojka, Bohdan (advisor) ; Helena, Helena (referee)
Fast growing tree species Guazuma crinita (Malvaceae) was selected as a priority species for domestication in the Peruvian Amazon due its important contribution to the livelihood of local farmers. Its domestication process is still in an early age as for many tropical tree species little is known about its genetic variability and we dont know anything about the impact of domestication on its genetic resources. The main objective of this research was to assess the genetic variability of G. crinita within and among populations in the Peruvian Amazon by the use of morphological (wood physical traits) and molecular (ISSR and AFLP) markers.
Wood physical properties among six G. crinita provenances were evaluated. Wood samples were drilled from the base middle and top of the stem of 12 randomly selected eight-years-old trees for determination of wood measurement. Pearson correlations between physical properties were also determined. All wood physical properties except green density differed significantly among provenances. We also found statistically significant variation due to stem level position. The moderately dense wood and the coefficient of anisotropy (1.6) suggested that G. crinita has stable wood; they represent important advantages in terms of costs for transport and transformation process. The results suggested potential to select provenances with desirable wood properties for further breeding and domestication. Due to the variation found even in limited tree samples it is recommended further analysis with more extensive number of samples from different provenances and planting zones.
This research presents the first assessment of genetic variability based on inter-simple sequence repeat (ISSR) markers for 44 G. crinita genotypes from a clonal garden multiplication established in the Peruvian Amazon Research Institute (IIAP) in Ucayali region. Ten ISSR primers amplified a total of 65 bands of which 61 were polymorphic (93.8%). The range of DNA amplification varied from 260 to 2200 bp. Among the provenances overall genetic differentiation (Gst) was 0.03 indicating 97% of genetic diversity within provenances. Gene flow (Nm) was 12.9 alleles per generation. Cluster analysis was not related with geographic origin suggesting a common gene pool which was supported by calculation of weak positive correlation was found between genetic and geographic distance.
With the use of AFLP markers an insight on how domestication process does impact G. crinita genetic resources is also reported on this research work. I was able to generate fingerprint for 58 leaf samples representing eight provenances and three population types, 19 from a natural regenerated population 15 cultivated in home garden nursery and 24 from a collection of genotypes considered as semi-domesticated population. Seven selective AFLP primer combinations were used. A total of 171 fragments were amplified with 99.42% of polymorphism at species level. Each type of population generated fragments with 72.51% 49.12% and 54.39% of polymorphic fragments respectively. Neis genetic diversity and Shannon index information were found to be higher in the population of natural regeneration compared to overall semi-domesticated population (He = 0.10 and 0.9; I = 0.19 and 0.16 respectively). The analysis of molecular variation (AMOVA) showed higher variation within provenances rather than among (84% and 4% respectively). UPGMA clusters analysis and PCoA did not showed correspondence between genetic and geographic distance in addition their correlation was not significant. There was a significant genetic differentiation among types of population suggesting slight genetic bottleneck in semi-domesticated populations yet with relatively high levels of genetic variation.
In situ conservation for populations with high levels of genetic diversity was recommended. In addition proper management of natural regeneration and ex situ genotype collections might be a good conservation strategy to maintain G. crinita genetic resources.
The use of morphological (wood physical traits) and molecular markers were successful to reveal genetic variability of G. crinita and they could be used for other tropical tree species. For further researches it is emphasis to extent the number of samples and geographic scale.
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Technology in potato cultivation aimed at efficient use of nitrogen
Svobodová, Andrea ; Hamouz, Karel (advisor) ; Miroslav, Miroslav (referee)
Environmental-friendly technology of potato growing was studied in field trial plots on Valečov Research Station belonging to Potato Research Institute Havlíčkův Brod between 2010 and 2014. The first part was focused on the effect of local application of mineral fertilizers on production yield and quality. The second part studied the effect of nitrogen fertilizer containing urease inhibitor (UREAstabil) compared to urea in increasing rates on yield and selected parameters of potato quality. In the first part of trials with liquid DAM 390, ammonium sulphate and urea the obtained results show that yield differences among selected fertilization variants were insignificant with certain tendency in favour of the variant with split nitrogen rate using DAM 390. For evaluated quality parameters no statistically significant differences among tested fertilization variants were recorded. In the second part of trials evaluating UREAstabil and urea applied at various rates during soil preparation prior to planting, applied rate had a higher effect on potato yields than nitrogen form. The results show that mutual comparison of urea and UREAstabil did not indicate any statistically significant yield differences.
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The effect of housing system on egg shell quality and egg internal quality
Vlčková, Jana ; Tůmová, Eva (advisor) ; Skřivanová, Eva (referee)
In the study 3 experiments were carried out. The objective of the first experiment was to evaluate performance of laying hens, quality of air in poultry house, and microbial contamination of the eggshell in laying hens kept under blue, green, red, and yellow light colour in enriched cages. The laying performance characteristics (hen-day egg production, mortality, and egg weight) were not affected by light colour. Similarly, microbial contamination of the air was not significantly different related to the light colour. There were significant interactions in eggshell contamination between cage floor and light colour in Escherichia coli and Enterococcus. The highest number of Escherichia coli was detected in eggs from hens housed in the middle floor given yellow light and the lowest values on the upper floor also under yellow light colour. Similar results were observed in Enterococcus. The results of our study indicate that the light colour has a minor effect on microbial contamination but the significant influence was in the floor position. The highest microbial egg contamination was found on eggs from the middle floor.
In the second experiment, the effect of housing system (conventional cage, litter, aviary) and feed calcium content (3,0 and 3,5%) on laying performance characteristics, technological quality of eggs, microbial contamination of the eggshell and egg content during storage was evaluated. The significant interaction between housing system and feed calcium content was found in egg weight, eggshell strength, eggshell percentage, eggshell weight, Haugh units and albumen index. The housing system affected egg production, feed intake, egg weight and some characteristics of eggshell quality. From characteristics of eggshell quality the feed calcium content affected only eggshell strength and eggshell percentage. The significant interaction between housing system and storage time was found in contamination of eggshell by total number of microorganisms. The housing system affected also contamination of the eggshell where higher number of Escherichia coli and total number of microorganisms were in eggs from litter. Higher penetration of all monitored species of microorganisms on the eggshell membranes was 2nd and 7th day of storage in the group with 3.5% of calcium in the feed mixture in eggs from the litter. This could be associated with lower quality of eggshell in this type of housing.
In the experiment 3, the effect of different housing system (enriched cage, free range) on technological quality of eggs, microbial contamination of the eggshell, egg content and concentration of protein in albumen during storage was observed. The housing system affected all characteristics of eggshell quality with higher values in cage system. Higher number of pores in eggshell was found in free range. The important relationship between housing system and storage time was indicated in Haugh unit, albumen index, pH albumen and yolk index. The values for characteristics quality of albumen and yolk were better in eggs from cages. Their quality during storage decreased faster in alternative housing systems. There was detected interaction between housing system and storage time also in Escherichia coli, Enterococcus and total number of microorganisms. The highest microbial contamination in fresh eggs was found in free range. The number of microorganisms with storage time significantly decreased faster in eggs from cage system. The penetration of Escherichia coli and total number of microorganisms in albumen was lower in eggs from cage compared to free range. The significant effect of housing system was found in concentration of lysozyme in albumen with higher values in egg from free range. It is obvious that a better quality of the eggs is in the cage housing system. The eggs from this type of housing also remain during storage for longer time in better quality compared with alternative housing systems.
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Integrative landscape assessment
Sedmidubský, Tomáš ; Martiš, Miroslav (advisor) ; Skaloš, Jan (referee)
The ability of landscape to provide services assisting mankind and to directly or indirectly promote it, has witnessed a dramatic decline due to an intensive anthropogenic use of landscape. The interference with the functionality of landscape notwithstanding the measures aimed at protecting landscape and its elements constitutes a response to the economic development and strive for economic profits. The economic development causes (monetarily) 3 calculable damages which are not included in economic balances and decisions concerning activities carried out in landscape. This doctoral thesis aims at contributing to the solution of this issue by developing and testing an integrative assessment method which integrates a complex of circumstances as a starting point for evaluating landscape in terms of its environmental quality.
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Application of mathematical models for simulation of hydrological conditions in selected streams
Kurková, Marie ; Vašků, Zdeněk (advisor) ; Michal, Michal (referee)
Flood is a natural phenomenon that occurs at different intensities and irregular time intervals. As to natural disasters, floods represent the greatest direct threat for the Czech Republic. They may cause serious critical situations during which not only extensive material damages are done, but may bring also losses of the lives of inhabitants in affected areas as well as vast devastation of cultural landscape including environmental damages. Important from the viewpoint of the elimination of potential threats and consequences of such events is the information issued by flood forecasting service about the character and size of flood areas for individual N-year flood discharges and specific flood scenarios. An adequate image of depths and flow rates in the longitudinal or cross profile of the watercourse during a flood event is provided by the hydrodynamic model. This is why the information obtained from the hydrodynamic models occupies a privileged position from the viewpoint of the protection of citizens' lives and mitigation of damage to their property. The first study is situated on the river Úhlava in meadows by Příchovice near the town Přeštice. The proposal of flood-protection measures is contained in Territorial control documentation. The documentation was elaborated on the basis of hydraulic calculations and experiences from the flood in August 2002. The mathematical model is practically used in the study of analysis of proposed flood-protection measures. The analysis is based on mathematical simulation of water outflow and water level on the river Úhlava. It is possible to use the non-commercial software Hec-Ras, version 3.1.1., for the simulation itself. One of the points of view of the possibility of using proposed flood-protection measures is total efficiency. The mathematical model is posssible to use as a basis of support for realization of proposed flood-protection measures on the river Úhlava in meadows by Příchovice within the grant programme "Program prevence před povodněmi II" under the control of the Ministry of Agriculture. In the second case the mathematical model is practically used in the study of hydrotechnical analysis of streams in cadastral unit. The analysis is based on matjematical simulation of water outflow and water level on chosen streams. It is possible to use the noncomercial software HEC-RAS for the own simulation. The analysis should be shown on dangerous places in the interest place. The mathematical model is possible of using to use as basis for revaluation of action in spatial plan or for view of the flood-protection measures in the village Mochtín. Basic input into the hydrodynamic models is represented by altimetry data. One of ways to obtain such data is through the method of aerial laser scanning (ALS) from the digital relief model (DRM). This method is considered one of the most accurate methods for obtaining altimetry data. Its bottleneck is however incapacity of recording terrain geometry under water surface due to the fact that laser beam is absorbed by water mass. The absence of geometric data on watercourse discharge area may perceptibly affect results of modelling, especially if a missing part of the channel represents a significant discharge area with its capacity. One of methods for eliminating the deficiency is a sufficient channel recess by means of software tools such as CroSolver. The third submitted paper deals with the construction of a hydrodynamic model using 5th generation DRM data, and compares outputs from this model at various discharges with a model based on the altimetry data modified by using the CroSolver tool. Outputs from the two hydrodynamic models are compared in HEC-RAS programme with the use of recessed data and with the use of unmodified DRM. The comparison is done on the sections of two watercourses with different terrain morphology and watercourse size. A complementary output is the comparison of inundation areas issuing from both model variants. Our results indicate that differences in the outputs are significant namely in the lower discharges (Q1, Q5) whereas for Q50 and Q100 the difference is negligible with a great role being played by morphology of the modelled area and by the watercourse size.
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Analysis of coffee sales in selected hotels in Prague
Veverka, Libor ; Kopecká, Lenka (advisor) ; Svoboda, Roman (referee)
In this thesis the sale of coffee in selected hotels in Prague will be analysed, based on information obtained in the drink menus of these hotels.
The theoretical part consists of three main parts, namely The market and the market mechanism, Classification by type of prepared coffee drinks and The classification of hotels into five classes.
The first part, called The market and the market mechanism, explains market and its functioning, perfect and imperfect competition between companies and, in the end also imperfections of the market. The second part of Classification by types of prepared coffee drinks discusses the ingredients and the proper preparation of a wide range of coffee drinks. The third and last part of the theoretical part called The classification of hotels into five classes, points out the basic limit points for dividing hotels into each of these categories.
In the second part, which is called The actual work representations of hotels in the Czech Republic, in Prague are examined and compared. There is also a list of the selected hotels in Prague, which are taken into account in the analysis, comparison and subsequent assessment of results.
In the conclusion, the difference in prices of offered coffee drinks in randomly selected hotels in Prague is assessed from two points of view. The first is examining the differences in prices between classes of hotels and the second one is examining differences in prices inside the particular classes.
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