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The trans-fatty acids in subcutaneous fat and in fat content of breast milk as an indicator of their nutritional intake
Dlouhý, Pavel ; Anděl, Michal (advisor) ; Dostálová, Jana (referee) ; Hrubý, Stanislav (referee) ; Zadák, Zdeněk (referee)
Trans fatty acids (TFA) are unsaturated fatty acids, which have one or more double bonds in the trans configuration. Their main dietary sources are partially hardened fats and food products containing partially hardened fats (margarines, shortenings, bakery products, and fast foods). TFA are thought to increase the risk of coronary heart disease and type 2 diabetes. These fatty acids have adverse effects on blood lipid levels, increasing LDL-cholesterol while decreasing HDL-cholesterol. Consumption of TFA can also impair insulin sensitivity. High intake of TFA is associated with systemic inflammation, activation of immune functions and endothelial dysfunction. Hypotheses also exist that TFA may have adverse effect on the metabolism of essential fatty acids and foetus development. The concentration of TFAs in subcutaneous fat is a very good indicator of dietary exposure of TFA. This concentration reflects long-term dietary intake of these fatty acids. Levels of TFA in human milk are more variable; however, it is quite simple to obtain a sample of human milk. The purpose of our studies was to determine (a) content of TFA in subcutaneous fat samples from persons with coronary atherosclerosis and from persons with no sign of coronary dinase and (b) the content of TFA in early human milk of breast-feeding women...
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Spiritual needs in the new concepts of care
VEJŠICKÁ, Milena
The work focuses on the spiritual needs of seniors and their saturation in modern concepts of senior care. The work is theoretically aimed to clarify how the spiritual needs of seniors are reflected in the modern concepts of care. The first chapter is devoted to the old age and aging, it describes the changes associated with aging, characterizes the term dementia and describes the societal view on aging. The second chapter deals with the characteristics of the basic human needs. In the third chapter the focus lies on the developmental tasks of aging and the seniors´ adaptation to age as a spiritual task. The fourth chapter describes the concept of spirituality and constitutes the fundamental spiritual needs of seniors. The fifth chapter focuses on selected modern concepts of senior care. These are the Sensory activation by Lore Wehner, psychobiografic care model by professor Böhm, the concept of basal stimulation and the validation method Naomi Feil. The final chapter assesses the significance of spiritual needs and their saturation within the mentioned concepts.
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Determination of content substances for selected species and varieties of roses.
Slavíková, Eva ; Sus, Josef (advisor) ; Súkeníková, Tereza (referee)
This bachelor's work is focused on comparing the most significant content substance, vitamin C, in fruits of chosen rose kinds species and varieties. Herbal products are often seen by people as products of "second choice", when failure of allopathic treatment occurs, which is focused especially on suppressing symptoms of illness, but it ignores health of the human body as whole. That's why are herbal products often alternative for therapy of chronic diseases. The base of this work is extensive literary research and results of laboratory measurings. Literary part of this work includes description of botanical classification of rose plants. There is stated basic characteristic of individual rose species and their morphological features. In following chapters is composed overview of effective substances in rose fruits and their effect on human health. In practical part of this work are included results of laboratory tests for determining ascorbic acid content for chosen samples of rose species and it also includes results of weighing and measuring of fruit samples of chosen rose species. There are also stated chosen rose species and shortly their origin and description, in the beginning of practical part. For practical part were chosen samples of species. Results of practical part are compiled into statistic tables and graphs and it confirms high content of ascorbic acid in rose fruits. This content is in range of cca 300 - 900 mg.100 g-1. Due to growing interest in alternative treatment options and "clean" natural product, it can be assumed, that many plants of Rosaceae family will keep its place in treatment practice. Those plants will be used not only for treatment of acute and chronic diseases, but also for cosmetic products production, thanks to its large effects and process options.
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Nutritional analysis and optimization of breeding of selected species of edible insects under conditions of the Czech Republic with regard to human health
Adámková, Anna ; Kouřimská, Lenka (advisor)
All over the world, the edible insects are considered a highly nutritious food with high protein and fat content. However, the nutritional value of insect is not constant. It can be affected by species, developmental stage, rearing technology or nutrition.
Therefore, this thesis was aimed at obtaining the selected nutritional value of edible insects. Analyses were focused on the determination of the crude protein content, fat content, fatty acid profile and sterols in selected species of edible insects, which can be commonly reared in the Czech Republic. At the same time we also analysed samples of insects reared on the island of Sumatra to evaluate the influence of the climate on the nutritional value. The main aim of the thesis was the determination of optimal breeding conditions, developmental stages and feed rations for obtaining good production of insects with nutritional properties suitable for human nutrition. The analyses showed a high nutritional value of selected insect species, but also confirmed the significant differences in the content of individual nutrients between different species depending on the climate conditions and developmental stage. Comparing the fat and crude protein content in edible insects and other conventional sources of meat it has been found, that the examined insect is similar to beef concerning the fat and crude protein content. The results obtained are the basis for determining the appropriate rearing conditions and developmental stages for obtaining insect with the desired nutritional properties for human nutrition.
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Total contents and speciation of arsenic and selenium in plants growing in soils with different physico-chemical properties
Tremlová, Jana ; Száková, Jiřina (advisor) ; Vymazal, Jan (referee)
This dissertation thesis deals with uptake, accumulation and transformation of arsenic and selenium in plants growing on soils with different chemico-physical soil properties. The contents of arsenic were investigated in 99 wild plant species, coming from 27 different families and 6 different vegetables growing in arsenic contaminated soils. The results suggest that there are species-specific mechanisms which protects certain plants from the excessive uptake of arsenic from the soil. On the other hand, there are plants using a strategy of accumulation, which theoretically may increase the risk of arsenic entry into the food chain, whether through grazing cattle and wildlife or through consumption of vegetables growing on arsenic contaminated soils. The most prevalent arsenic compounds are AsV and AsIII. Other arsenic compounds occure as minor species. An important finding was detection of arsenobetaine in Plantago lanceolata L. and Carex praecox Schreb ..
The contents of selenium were examined in 73 species of wild plants, coming from 29 different families. The results suggest that naturally low levels of selenium in the soil of selected locations along with a low capability of selenium uptake via collected plant species lead to the low content of selenium in plant biomass which may contribute to selenium deficient throughout the food chain. Foliar application of selenate on wild plant communities and on some types of vegetables in our case Brassica oleracea var. italica can have a positive impact on increasing the selenium content in the aboveground biomass of these plants and by extension, increase the selenium content in the human diet. Dominant selenium compounds in the aboveground biomass of the analyzed plants were SeVI and selenomethionine, with variable proportion of other commonly occurring organic selenium compounds, which is mainly affected by plant species.
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Josef Šír - teacher, writer and painter
Hynková, Lenka ; Koťa, Jaroslav (referee) ; Váňová, Růžena (advisor)
Diploma thesis in the field of history of pedagogy deals with a versatile personality of a Czech teacher, writer and a painter Josef ŠÍR. His, not only professional, life is connected with a few places within the region of the Krkonoše Mountains and nearby Podkrkonoší. Specific character of the locality which can be described as beautiful, but harsh influenced people living there, including Josef ŠÍR, too. All the features mentioned above became the core source of his artistic inspiration. To show ŠÍR's significance, it was inevitable to describe regional situation at the turn of the last century with the focus on depicting very hard conditions of Czech teachers at that time. The life of Josef ŠÍR is given briefly including all the stages from his childhood to his very end. As it was in ŠÍR's life, this work follows the two main streams: his personal opinions and experience from the field of pedagogy as well as his works of literature. Next to this, the thesis also does not forget to provide basic information about marginal fields of his activity and interest, which proves ŠÍR to be a person of complexity and broad view. His conduct was accompanied with strenght of mind and also humanity, which was a basic feature of his character. The thesis, which is taken as a tribute to one of author's predecessors, is...
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Supranational Currency as a Form of Money
Štaubrová, Kateřina ; Votava, Libor (advisor) ; Kofroň, Petr (referee)
In the work I deal with describing the origin of money from the exchange of goods for other goods across commodity trade, the first coins and banknotes, up to today's cash and cashless form of money. Also I will indicate the meaning and function of money for humans. In the main part I will devote a common currency the euro. I will describe what the conditions are for receive and advantages and disadvantages. The main objective of this work is to determine if the euro changes the country's economy and stabilizes her. For comparison I chose five countries. For countries that use the euro I will describe the process by which they had to pass before they received. I will evaluate countries using some macroeconomic indicators. On the base of results I will recommend whether Czech Republic has to receive the euro as soon as possible or wait.
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Adoption at a distance of zambian´s children
ŠAREŠOVÁ, Veronika
My diploma thesis is dealing with extended Adoption at distance of Zambian children and had research character. Thesis is divided into two parts; first one is theoretical, second is practical. Theoretical part consists from nine chapters. Continuously they describe history and actual state of Zambia, individual development especially in relation with education, focus and objectives of UNICEF activities, OSN and international documents dealing with human rights, education and its value in humans live, educational system in Zambia and its structure, extended adoption, organization that are realizing extended adoptions in Zambia and the last chapter is mentioning more organizations, that are realizing this project.The practical part of the thesis has scientific character. The objective of the thesis is to describe the project of extended adoption and the relation of Czech society to this project. In order of this aim three hypothesis have been made. In the first one I assume, that Czech society think that extended adoption is beneficial, but does not believe that the financial assets are not spend on the right purposes. In the second hypothesis I assume, that there is no discrimination in choosing the children taking part in the extended adoption programme based on tribe nationality, race or religion. The last hypothesis assumes that Zambian children are interested in education and that why they think the project is good for their future lives.For approving or declining hypothesis I used the method of questionnaire and discussion. The questionnaires were given to Zambian children and Czech public society. The discussion was realized with employees of certain organizations that are realizing the project of extended adoption programme. Altogether there were 170 questionnaires, 100% of them were returned.The hypothesis are analysed at the end of practical part. In the end there is summary of certain pieces of knowledge from theoretical and practical part. The last part of this diploma thesis contains the appendixes.
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