|
Lifestyle of patients with peripheral arterial disease before and after surgery
REZKOVÁ, Helena
Theoretical background: Peripheral arterial disease is a serious disease of Loir limb arteries which originates from atherosclerosis. The theoretical part deals with the lifestyle. There are mentioned basic risk factors of chronic forms. Further described are the pathophysiology changes generated on the basis of atherosclerosis and related causes for the origin of the disease. Subsequently there are explained methods of classification, developed clinical symptoms, diagnosis and therapy. This section also looks at the role of a nurse in the care of patients with peripheral arterial disease. Objectives: The aim of this work was to evaluate how patients with peripheral arterial disease changed their lifestyle after invasive vascular surgery. There were provided the following research questions: How do patients with peripheral arterial disease approach to the prevention of risk factors? What is in patients with peripheral arterial disease the main impuls for the possible change of their lifestyle? What influences surgery patient's attitude to risk factors for peripheral arterial disease? How crucial is a lifestyle change in patients after surgery for peripheral arterial disease? Methods: The theoretical part is processed using expert sources. The empirical part of the theses was processed using qualitative research. The chosen technique for data collection was semi-structured interviews with patients, with prepared open questions. The research was done in several phases - the first interview was conducted at the patient admission department (before surgery), followed by the next phase after three months, and 6 months after surgery. The interviews were recorded on a prepared form, then transcribed into electronic form and analyzed by open coding method. Results: The research showed that surgery can sometimes be triggered by changes in the patient's lifestyle. The first interviews in the preoperative period focused on how respondents felt, what was their lifestyle before surgery for atherosclerotic changes of the lower extremities. One of the questions was focused on patient knowledge about risk factors for the development of PAD and possible prevention. The second phase of interviews took place 3 months after the surgery. It dealt with the question about the respndents´ lifestyle, the respondents in the postoperative period, whether there were any changes. Some positive changes occurred in eating and there were some changes in doing physical activity. The third stage was carried out six months after surgery, again in order to detect changes in lifestyle. Minor changes came in smoking habits, the issue of diet and physical aktivity. Questions were also focused on the psychological level. We found out who helped patients and what was most motivating in implementing changes. In the conclusion/summing up question the patients marked themselves ow they managed to make a change. Conclusion: The number of patients with peripheral arterial disease and other cardiovascular diseases is increasing. The basis is the start to modify risk factors, namely tobacco use,dietary habits, physical activity. The medical staff members participate on changes in patients´ lifestyle by appropriate education. The problem occurs when the patient despite the support of close people can not cope to carry a twist in their life. There should a medical staff member offer a professional help to deal with this important step. Practical use: The aim is to draw attention to the expansion of education about lifestyle changes for patients diagnosed with PAD also in the postoperative period. Patients who are released to home care should receive enough information that would convince them to change their attitude towards their health, and that surgery is only one of the ways to prevent further attacks and complications. Results can improve communication with patients and focus on increasing their awareness and possibly offer assistance.
|
|
Summary of foreign knowledge about the origin and development of EDZ in crystalline rocks - research
Vavro, Martin ; Souček, Kamil ; Staš, Lubomír ; Vavro, Leona
Presented search summarizes findings of foreign research oriented on the origin and evolution of the excavation damaged zone in crystalline rocks with a particular focus on the essential results of experimental projects which were performed in Canada, Sweden, Finland, and Switzerland. The study is divided, excluding the introduction, into seven main chapters of the text, which gradually deal with: (1) definition of key terms, (2) overview of the main underground research laboratories in the world where EDZ assessment was conducted, (3) methods suitable for EDZ description and characterization, (4) main factors influencing the origin of failure around the excavations and time-dependent evolution of EDZ. An overview of important outcomes of EDZ experiments, focusing on the European hard rock laboratories (Stripa, Äspö, Onkalo/Olkiluoto and Grimsel), and their summary are presented in the final two chapters.\nThe review summarizing the published key findings and results of in situ experiments shows, that for rock in lower stress state, i.e. in no spalling environment, the extent and character of rock mass damage is typically dependent on the excavation method. Using mechanical excavation, rock damage zone with thickness less than 3 centimeters can be originated. The microcracks within this zone contribute to the increase of hydraulic conductivity of the rock mass. At some test sites (Äspö, Grimsel), where the tunnel boring machine technology was used, the damage zone was already detected in depth of less than 5 mm.\nOn the contrary, openings excavated by drilling and blasting are characterized by much more extensive damage zones up to several tens of centimeters in width. The damage progressively diminishes with the distance from the opening.
|
|
Morphometric analyse of Vinca minor populations in the CZU university collection
Závorková, Hana ; Karlík, Petr (advisor) ; Černý, Tomáš (referee)
Lesser periwinkle (Vinca minor) is pretty common, perennial and woody plant, for centuries disseminated for her aesthetic and medicinal use. The aim of this thesis is to try to identify, if individual subjects disseminated throughout the Czech Republic may come from one or more sources or clones. It was collected a total of 135 individuals throughout the Czech Republic, and these individuals were grown for several years in uniform climatic conditions in campus of the Czech Agricultural University in Prague. For these plants were then performed a morphological measurements and statistical evaluation was performed by programs Statistica12 and Canoco5. From data obtained this way was revealed that the morphological features of individual plants are dependent on the type of site, and therefore it is clear that individuals grown on historically verifiable sites probably originate from one or several clones. Another aim of this work is to determine whether the periwinkle occurring in the Czech Republic differ in their morphological and physiological characteristics such as stem length, length and width of leaf, petiole length, number of nodes on the flowering stem and the ratio length / width of the leaf. The results implies the fact that individuals differ in morphological features depending on the location of their occurrence, such as parks, churches, cemeteries and forests. The results further shows to us that location no. 2 differs significantly from the other locations in the length of the stem, leaf length, number of nodes and in the ratio length / width of the leaf. This is confirmed by the results of the program as Statistica12 and the results of the program Canoco5.
|
|
Taxonomic review Pinus contorta subsp. Latifolia (Engelm.) on dumps habitats and possibilities its usage
Vanc, Ondřej ; Kunt, Miroslav (advisor) ; Konstantin, Konstantin (referee)
Lodgepole pine is exotic species of pine originating from North America (Canada, United States, United Mexican States), where it occurs along the Pacific coast. This is a very compatible species because, despite a plethora of geomorphological habitats has created a total of five subspecies, while the Czech Republic there are three of them. They are: Shore pine (Pinus contorta subsp. contorta), Lodgepole pine (Pinus contorta subsp. latifolia), Murray pine (Pinus contorta subsp. murrayana). Occurrence of Pinus contorta was recorded in nine counties, twenty and twenty-three districts of municipalities with extended powers. The total stand area was found to 128.66 hectares. When finding that Pinus contorta in our conditions is described as exotic plants. As a gateway for non-native landscape landscape that is post-mining areas. Use of Lodgepole pine was thus deemed appropriate. Uncultured landscape together with wood unoriginal see to it that the uncultured landscape becomes a landscape rich in diversity. Lodgepole pine, of course, is not the only species that was about it all taken care of. Its suitability was chosen because of its low demands on soil, hydrological and climatic conditions, including frost hollows at elevations 2,500 meters above sea level. Which in the Czech Republic or cannot be used because it is our highest point 1,602 meters above sea level. The effort was to map Lodgepole pine throughout the Czech Republic, where it would be clearly seen where the forest vegetation on which the administrative territory of the Lodgepole pine occur. This reliance on the willingness of administrators data information, which for our purposes were considered Institute of Forest Management, where we were given virtually everything to us this institution has been able to provide. Another institution, where we were given also all the military management of forests and farms. Unfortunately, the state enterprise Forestry of the Czech Republic, as majority owner of primary forests in the Czech Republic, was not willing to provide the requested information on the matter on Lodgepole pine, forest management Děčín only the necessary information. Given that this work was originally conceived to Pinus contorta subsp. latifolia, while work was concluded that Pinus contorta subsp. latifolia is a segmentation occurring geographic subspecies that was not able to clearly identify the data that we had available so this work deals with Lodgepole pine at the species level and the resulting map outputs in the results of the work
7
were processed in the geographic information systems, which managed to get stand up to the level surface (ha) in the regions of municipalities with extended powers.
|
|
Interaction of humans and the environment in residential hauses with walls from inorganic masonry
Brada, Lukáš ; Kocourková, Jana (advisor) ; Zemanová, Lucie (referee)
Interaction of humans and the environment, is subject to the occurrence of mold in
residential buildings. Mold development has been the ultimate result of a variety of
phenomena, processes and causes that have penetrated in various stages of preparation,
implementation and operation of buildings. The negative effects which the mold in a residential area buildings exhibit is primarily a reduction in the use of comfort living
space in the form of health risks in the form of allergic reactions and possibly causing
chronic problems. Chronic problems over time can lead to serious illness. A big role in
the occurrence of mold also plays a reduction of aesthetic values of residential spaces
requiring repair and remedy these deficiencies. When removing adverse events leads to
an unnecessary additional environmental burden.
Problems of fungi in ground buildings are very expansive and interdisciplinary
problems, which incorporates structural, termomechanic, chemical and biologic aspects.
In this undergraduate work I concentrated on the origin of fungi in ground buildings
with inorganic materials and I am discribing at least some important sources and aspects
of fungi origin in each phases origin and exploitation building, with usage of specialised
literature. Model compultations and examples of origin fungi are performed.
Autocephalous origin of fungi in residencial buildings is yet fallback situation, which
can be possibly prevented. But due to conditions for origin fugi can begin long ago this
fallback situation. Store of bias each phases living buildings is accentuated on possibly
fugi production in buildings from project up to operation.
|
|
Growing of rapeseed for energy purposes - impacts and context.
Charvát, Michal ; Kuchtová, Perla (advisor) ; Josef, Josef (referee)
Biofuels are generally based on biomass. It may be a waste biomass or biomass grown specifically. It is used as fixed or lump fuel, and also to as liquid and gas. Liquid biofuels are used both for energy purposes, ie to produce heat, electricity generation, but also as a motor fuels. In this thesis goes on biofuel purposefully grown, about oilseed rape and from it made liquid fuel, in this case of RME rapeseed methyl ester, which is a fuel of the first generation.
The European Union expected that the use of biofuel will reduce CO2 emissions by up to 35% further premised that the development of biofuels will be a positive impact on local employment and it the both on direct and indirect. Further help diversify Europe's dependence on oil imports. They were introduced direct support for growers in order to exlarged the area where grew plants intended for biofuel. These direct resistances were abolished in 2010. Similar support was also intended for producers.
Regarding rapeseed, peak in the sown area across the EU was in 2010, when it was sown almost 7 mil. ha, which is almost 3,5 times more than the original plan for the EU. Last year, it was only 6,45 mil. ha, but with higher-yielding rapeseed seeds. Similarly, increasing the sowing areas you can watch in the Czech Republic. Moreover Czech Republic is the fifth producer of rapeseed in the EU. In 2013/14 have been sown most ha rape, total 418,8 th. ha, but production was the highest in the following year due hectare yields, although with reduced the area sown. Yet is rape sown on 14% of cultivated land.
We can not talk about drastically restricting cultivation of rape, even after termination direct aid. First, the price of rape is very decent and steady and almost half designated for industrial processing it is processed on RME. However, the system of cultivation is not good for the soil. Rape in plans crop rotation is ranked every two years mostly, but the best would be once for five years.
The only assumption was confirmed by the EU, CO2 emissions are lower, but is also needed to count with the amount of N2O emissions, which this benefit is reduced. However on employment it had no effect, or rather negative. More jobs in agriculture provides livestock production and the like can be evaluated also process industry. Another problem is the destruction of ecosystems so that could be grown plants suitable for biofuels. It is a matter of developing countries, in our lands is it about the depletion of fertile land to cultivation fuel instead of food. First, it needed more to fertilize and use pesticides. But also in case of crop failure it is revenue designetid for biofuels producers is delivere even at the cost of food price increases.
|
|
Genetic structure of local domestic breeds
Neradilová, Silvie ; Baranyiová, Eva (advisor)
A switch from hunting to beginnings of farming and agriculture was a crucial step for humans and for developing civilization. This period was suitable for domestication processes. Dogs were the first domesticated animals at all. Their breeding was connected with settlement and cattle protection and they were used as shepherd and hunting dogs. In some cultures they are even used as food source. Recent trends lead to breeding of new breeds and division of original gene pool into smaller closed groups which lead to an increase of homozygosity and to display recessively inherited diseases. These effects are mostly visible in small local breeds that have a small population size. Global protection of genetic diversity in cattle, poultry and pigs was already addressed in many studies, probably because of the high economic value of these animals. Impact of domesticated carnivores to humans is comparable and due to the growing market in veterinary services it is needed to protect sufficient genetic variability of various unique races. The aim of this work is to compare selected local breeds of dogs from different regions of origin, to evaluate their overall genetic diversity, to determine the occurrence of candidate types of diseases and to compare the frequency of these diseases in selected breeds. Main output is to recommend appropriate methods to protect the gene pool of these unique races. Central European breed (e.g. Český Fousek), subtropical breed (e.g. Sarplaninec), tropical continental breed (eg. Basenji), tropical island breed (e.g. The New Guinea Singing Dog) will be selected. The material will be collected at exhibitions and in cooperation with local farmers. The samples will be processed by classical methods of population genetics in the laboratory of molecular genetics FTZ ČZU.
|
|
The role of selected cell populations and molekules in inflammatory reaction and rejection of skin allograft
Pavlíková, Michaela ; Krulová, Magdaléna (advisor) ; Čečrdlová, Eva (referee)
Mesenchymal stem cells (MSC) represent a heterogenous population of multipotent stem cells that can be isolated from various tissues of adult organism. Due to their immunomodulatory, antiapoptotic, cytoprotective and differentiation capabilities, MSC hold a great promise for treatment of many inflammatory diseases and for use in regenerative medicine. We aimed to analyze the therapeutic effect of MSC in a model of skin transplantation. In our research, nanofiber scaffolds were used for application of MSC. Allogeneic skin grafts were transplanted from C57BL/6 mice to BALB/c mice and they were subsequently covered with nanofiber scaffolds prepared from poly-L-lactic acid (PLA) by the original needleless electrospun Nanospider technology. Some animals remained untreated, others were treated by specific therapies that combined usage of nanofiber scaffolds with cultivated MSC and nanofiber scaffolds with or without incorporated cyclosporin A (CsA). We used various methods, including FACS analysis, ELISA, PCR, immunohistochemistry and Griess reaction to determine effect of MSC on immune response. It has been reported that MSC home preferentially to sites of inflammation within damaged tissues and can be localised also in lymphatic organs. Six days after transplantation and local MSC application we...
|
|
Mophological and molecular diversity of a tropical tree species Guazuma crinita in the Peruvian Amazon
Tuisima Coral, Lady Laura ; Lojka, Bohdan (advisor) ; Helena, Helena (referee)
Fast growing tree species Guazuma crinita (Malvaceae) was selected as a priority species for domestication in the Peruvian Amazon due its important contribution to the livelihood of local farmers. Its domestication process is still in an early age as for many tropical tree species little is known about its genetic variability and we dont know anything about the impact of domestication on its genetic resources. The main objective of this research was to assess the genetic variability of G. crinita within and among populations in the Peruvian Amazon by the use of morphological (wood physical traits) and molecular (ISSR and AFLP) markers.
Wood physical properties among six G. crinita provenances were evaluated. Wood samples were drilled from the base middle and top of the stem of 12 randomly selected eight-years-old trees for determination of wood measurement. Pearson correlations between physical properties were also determined. All wood physical properties except green density differed significantly among provenances. We also found statistically significant variation due to stem level position. The moderately dense wood and the coefficient of anisotropy (1.6) suggested that G. crinita has stable wood; they represent important advantages in terms of costs for transport and transformation process. The results suggested potential to select provenances with desirable wood properties for further breeding and domestication. Due to the variation found even in limited tree samples it is recommended further analysis with more extensive number of samples from different provenances and planting zones.
This research presents the first assessment of genetic variability based on inter-simple sequence repeat (ISSR) markers for 44 G. crinita genotypes from a clonal garden multiplication established in the Peruvian Amazon Research Institute (IIAP) in Ucayali region. Ten ISSR primers amplified a total of 65 bands of which 61 were polymorphic (93.8%). The range of DNA amplification varied from 260 to 2200 bp. Among the provenances overall genetic differentiation (Gst) was 0.03 indicating 97% of genetic diversity within provenances. Gene flow (Nm) was 12.9 alleles per generation. Cluster analysis was not related with geographic origin suggesting a common gene pool which was supported by calculation of weak positive correlation was found between genetic and geographic distance.
With the use of AFLP markers an insight on how domestication process does impact G. crinita genetic resources is also reported on this research work. I was able to generate fingerprint for 58 leaf samples representing eight provenances and three population types, 19 from a natural regenerated population 15 cultivated in home garden nursery and 24 from a collection of genotypes considered as semi-domesticated population. Seven selective AFLP primer combinations were used. A total of 171 fragments were amplified with 99.42% of polymorphism at species level. Each type of population generated fragments with 72.51% 49.12% and 54.39% of polymorphic fragments respectively. Neis genetic diversity and Shannon index information were found to be higher in the population of natural regeneration compared to overall semi-domesticated population (He = 0.10 and 0.9; I = 0.19 and 0.16 respectively). The analysis of molecular variation (AMOVA) showed higher variation within provenances rather than among (84% and 4% respectively). UPGMA clusters analysis and PCoA did not showed correspondence between genetic and geographic distance in addition their correlation was not significant. There was a significant genetic differentiation among types of population suggesting slight genetic bottleneck in semi-domesticated populations yet with relatively high levels of genetic variation.
In situ conservation for populations with high levels of genetic diversity was recommended. In addition proper management of natural regeneration and ex situ genotype collections might be a good conservation strategy to maintain G. crinita genetic resources.
The use of morphological (wood physical traits) and molecular markers were successful to reveal genetic variability of G. crinita and they could be used for other tropical tree species. For further researches it is emphasis to extent the number of samples and geographic scale.
|
|
Towards a better understanding of ungulate diets: a methodological approach
Holá, Michaela ; Červený, Jaroslav (advisor) ; Stádník, Luděk (referee)
Populations of European ungulates have grown substantially over recent decades, resulting in considerable environmental and socio-economic impacts. Availability and quality of natural and supplemental food sources are among the main factors driving their population dynamics. Detailed knowledge of feeding strategies of management-targeted species is therefore of primary importance for their successful management. Over time, methods to study the feeding strategies of animals have also evolved considerably but each has its advantages as well as limitations. This doctoral thesis uses a combination of traditional methods (i.e. stomach content analysis) and novel methods (i.e. stable isotope analysis, near infrared reflectance spectroscopy) to achieve a better understanding of feeding strategies of two important ungulate species (i.e. wild boar and red deer) in the Czech Republic, where their populations are on the rise and supplementary feeding is rampant. Next, this dissertation aims to introduce and to establish a basis for these novel methodological approaches for the study of free-ranging individuals. In this respect, it also addresses methodological issues related to their application in this field.
The diet composition of wild boar was investigated by examining stomach contents in order to identify their dependence on food resources of human origin (i.e. agricultural crops and supplemental foods). Foods of human origin were the dominant diet type and constituted the bulk of the diet of wild boar throughout the year. A necessary prerequisite for application of stable isotope analysis is the trophic discrimination factor (i.e. systematic difference between the isotopic composition of the consumer tissues and that of the diet), which was experimentally determined for stable carbon and nitrogen isotopes, the two most commonly used in ecology, in hair tissue of wild boar and red deer. Furthermore, possible sources of variation (such as sex, age, body weight, and lactation) on isotopic discrimination were investigated. The results of the experiments provide a starting point for the successful use of stable isotope analysis in field studies on wild boar and red deer. Finally, application of near infrared reflectance spectroscopy was proven to be useful in measuring faecal indices of food quality for red deer. The results of this thesis will contribute towards efficient management of wild boar and red deer in the Czech Republic.
|
guest ::
