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Freshwater mussels breeding methods for the purpose of conservation programs
Plechingerová, Věra ; Douda, Karel (advisor) ; Matasová, Klára (referee)
Bachelor thesis is written in an overview form of problems breeding freshwater molluscs. At the beginning of the thesis I first evaluate the overall status of the populations in the Czech Republic and then in the world. Next I describe the anatomy and biology of molluscs, especially their reproduction, which is crucial for rearing juveniles in the laboratory or seminatural environment. The return of molluscs populations into the waters ecosystems is problematic in terms of ongoing changes in the biotope, particularly because of the anthropogenic influences and too few suitable host fish, without which it can not complete its glochidia development. To prevent the complete extinction of some species, there have been researched different methods of rearing, which help recover viable populations in the natural water environment. Methods of rearing are also described in this thesis. In the experimental part of the thesis I evaluate types of detritus that have different effects in length gain of mussels. For the experiment was selected freshwater pearl mussel (Margaritifera margaritifera), whose population is highly endangered. Freshwater mussels are an important bio-indicator of waters ecosystems, where they have an irreplaceable function, so it is important to regenerate their populations and the overall condition of the biotopes.
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Clinical biochemical indicators used in diagnostics of equine diseases
Puldová, Doubravka ; Ptáčková, Zuzana (advisor) ; Krejčířová, Romana (referee)
The thesis aims to compile overview of main biochemical indicators that are important in for diagnostics of equine diseases.
Clinical biochemistry is a medical discipline that uses biochemistry and pathobiochemistry for the determination of diagnosis based on activity changes of analytes observed. Laboratory evaluation of analytes has three phases: pre-analytical (preparation of patient to sampling, sampling and sample storage and transport), analytic (analysis) and post-analytical (evaluation of results, veterinarian also contributes in this part). Pre-analytial phase is the most time consuming and also the most error prone. The errors mostly occur during preparation of the patient, during sampling or sample transportation. The most analyzed materials for biochemical analysis are blood, urine and liquor.
Biochemical indicators are compound that are often influenced by the disease, therefore it is possible to use them for the diagnosis. Nitrogen metabolism indicators include proteins, urea, creatinine and ammonia. Enzymes (aminotransferase, gama-glutamyltransferase, glutamatedehydrogenase, lactatedehydrogenase, alkaline phosphatase, creatinkinase and sorbitoldehydrogenase are the main indicators of liver function (they contribute on the metabolism of another compounds) or of the fitness of horse. Glucose and lactate values indicate energetic metabolism, cholesterol and triglycerides indicate lipid metabolism. Water and electrolyte metabolism indicators are sodium, potassium and chlorides. The mineral profile is shown by calcium, magnesium and phosphorus.
The result of determination of analytes is compared with reference values that are not only species-specific but can be also influenced by age or sex. These values represent the range of the compound concentration in body fluid under physiological conditions. It is important to take the clinical symptoms into the account. Not all indicators that are usually indicated in human medicine or different animals are suitable for diagnosis of equine diseases. Majority of indicators diagnose equine-rare diseases (i.e. diabetes mellitus or hepatitis). Determinations of muscle enzymes and lactate are important for the fitness analysis.
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Growing of rapeseed for energy purposes - impacts and context.
Charvát, Michal ; Kuchtová, Perla (advisor) ; Josef, Josef (referee)
Biofuels are generally based on biomass. It may be a waste biomass or biomass grown specifically. It is used as fixed or lump fuel, and also to as liquid and gas. Liquid biofuels are used both for energy purposes, ie to produce heat, electricity generation, but also as a motor fuels. In this thesis goes on biofuel purposefully grown, about oilseed rape and from it made liquid fuel, in this case of RME rapeseed methyl ester, which is a fuel of the first generation.
The European Union expected that the use of biofuel will reduce CO2 emissions by up to 35% further premised that the development of biofuels will be a positive impact on local employment and it the both on direct and indirect. Further help diversify Europe's dependence on oil imports. They were introduced direct support for growers in order to exlarged the area where grew plants intended for biofuel. These direct resistances were abolished in 2010. Similar support was also intended for producers.
Regarding rapeseed, peak in the sown area across the EU was in 2010, when it was sown almost 7 mil. ha, which is almost 3,5 times more than the original plan for the EU. Last year, it was only 6,45 mil. ha, but with higher-yielding rapeseed seeds. Similarly, increasing the sowing areas you can watch in the Czech Republic. Moreover Czech Republic is the fifth producer of rapeseed in the EU. In 2013/14 have been sown most ha rape, total 418,8 th. ha, but production was the highest in the following year due hectare yields, although with reduced the area sown. Yet is rape sown on 14% of cultivated land.
We can not talk about drastically restricting cultivation of rape, even after termination direct aid. First, the price of rape is very decent and steady and almost half designated for industrial processing it is processed on RME. However, the system of cultivation is not good for the soil. Rape in plans crop rotation is ranked every two years mostly, but the best would be once for five years.
The only assumption was confirmed by the EU, CO2 emissions are lower, but is also needed to count with the amount of N2O emissions, which this benefit is reduced. However on employment it had no effect, or rather negative. More jobs in agriculture provides livestock production and the like can be evaluated also process industry. Another problem is the destruction of ecosystems so that could be grown plants suitable for biofuels. It is a matter of developing countries, in our lands is it about the depletion of fertile land to cultivation fuel instead of food. First, it needed more to fertilize and use pesticides. But also in case of crop failure it is revenue designetid for biofuels producers is delivere even at the cost of food price increases.
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Economic analysis of selected company
Mašková, Lenka ; Mach, Jiří (advisor) ; Kateřina, Kateřina (referee)
The goal of the submitted thesis is to evaluate the economic situation of the chosen company, which is the fakulty hospital in Motol. Faculty hospital in Motol is an independent organization funded by the directly subordinate to the ministry of health in the Czech Republic. Thesis is divided into two parts. The first theoretical part focus on indicators of economic analysis, describes the basic concepts and sources of financial analysis like cost structure, etc. The following describes the assessment methods of the financial situation in the hospital. The practical part cover the characteristic of hospital, the calculation of individual economic indicators including their interpretation, STEP analysis, classification of expense and revenue accounts, cost structure and cost calculation. The discussion describes overal summary of the economic situation in the hospital. The conclusion of the thesis includes evaluation and proposes of possible measures or recommendations for possible improvement of the hospital economic situation.
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The financial analysis utilization for selected company´s economic results
Kestlerová, Petra ; Tomšík, Karel (advisor) ; Eva, Eva (referee)
The theme of this thesis is the financial analysis utilization for selected company´s economic results. Its aim is to assess the situation of the selected company with use of indicators of financial analysis during the reporting period of time 2008-2013 and on the basis of these results to formulate recommendations for possible improvements in problematic areas.
The introductory part summarizes the theoretical knowledge in the field of financial analysis, defines its characteristics and purpose, sources of information for its processing and describes the methods and tools used by it.
In the practical part the selected methods of financial analysis are applied to the selected company. All calculations of the indicators are processed into charts and the development of some of them is supplemented with graphical representation.
Based on the resulting values there are conclusions and recommendations designed in order to increase the efficiency of the company.
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Factors affecting the financial situation of the company
Janaszová, Zuzana ; Gebeltová, Zdeňka (advisor) ; Petr , Petr (referee)
This thesis is dealing with factors influencing the financial situation of OP papírna, s.r.o., from 2009 to 2014. The target of this work is to state financial analysis, and based on the values of the indicators, assess the situation and determine the main factors that influenced the development of the financial situation of the company in the years mentioned above. The decisive influence has the target product markets that are affected by the situation on product markets for final consumers (books, medicaments, cigarettes, booklets). An important role is also played by markets with input raw materials, transport and energy that create a cost structure as a part of most indicators evaluating business success of the company. A specific factor is the local labor market, availability of manpower, the price and the quality of education. An intermediate active influence is the legislation (energy regulation, smoking, LIP), ownership structure (dividend policy), the money markets situation and fiscal policy not only in the Czech Republic. Pursuant to the interim analysis, the risks arising from the factors can be successfully managed. Hedging transactions, diversification, transferring risk to other contracting parties, insurance and common sense are the proven tools.
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Wastewater: plant indicators around mountain chalets – case study "Niklův vrch" and "Rennerovy boudy" (The Krkonoše Mountains National Park, Czech Republic).
Brádlerová, Tereza ; Skalický, Milan (advisor) ; Jan, Jan (referee)
This diploma thesis was solved in Niklův vrch and Rennerovy boudy, areas located in the eastern part of The Krkonoše Mountains National Park.
The main aims of this work were vegetation survey and description of environmental factors by Ellenberg indicator values of meadow areas contaminated by leaked sewage and meadows in their vicinity (referential areas). Another objective of this study was to determine soil pH, acceptable phosphorus and total nitrogen content and heavy metals amount in soil samples. Based on all collected data was proposed future management for each area.
The negative influence of leaking sewage on meadows in Niklův vrch wasn´t confirmed, because of their highly effective cleaning by three-compartment septic tank and biological filter before discharge into surface waters.
Leaked sewage loading was demonstrated in Rennerovy boudy, but only in the area just below the septic tank. The reason of the loading is unsatisfactory condition of the septic tank itself (change to cesspool by blinding discharge and sunken cover). This area was characterized by low species diversity, which is connected with the lowest number of plant species found there (12 species). Based on the habitat of dominant nitrophilous species Urtica dioica and species with nitrophilous tendencies (Alopecurus pratensis, Geranium sylvaticum and Chaerophyllum hirsutum) was determined association Rumicetum alpini Beger 1922 here.
Soil from the area affected by the leaked sewage was characterized by the highest pH/KCl and total nitrogen content and also increased contents of acceptable and total P and K compared to other soil samples.
To suppress this undesirable community Rumicetum alpini Beger 1922 is particularly necessary to improve the process of purifying leaking sewage by replacement the cesspool for household wastewater treatment plant. The distribution of this community also affects the absence of management. Therefore, it seems necessary to renew one-year mowing by scythe of this area.
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Effect of algae feeding on selected qualitative indicators of milk of small ruminants
Novotná, Klára ; Stádník, Luděk (advisor)
Milk fat is one of the most important components of goat milk. Another benefit of goat milk fat is its better digestibility in comparison with cow milk, which is caused by the smaller size of lipid micelles. Goat milk fat contains more lower fatty acids (caproic, caprylic and capric), which affect the production and processing of milk and cause specific flavor of goat's milk and dairy products. In recent years, the subject of many studies the possibility of increasing the content of other health beneficial fatty acids in goat milk, such as conjugated linoleic acid (CLA) and omega-3 and omega-6 polyunsaturated fatty acids. Animal nutrition is a significant factor how to achieve these changes in the fatty acid profile of milk fat. For these purposes can be used as additives for certain species of algae which are the source of nutritionally valuable lipids with a high content of polyene fatty acids, especially omega-3 and omega-6 fatty acids. The ability to change the composition of goat mikl fat, represents an opportunity for the development of new products. Functional foods, such as milk and dairy products enriched with omega-3 and omega-6 fatty acids. The aim of this work is to determine what effect the addition of selected algae (Chlorella vulgaris and Japanochytrium sp.) On milk production and representation of the components of milk, focusing on the composition of milk fat and fatty acid profile in goat milk. Attention was paid to reduction of saturated and increase the proportion of nutritionally beneficial unsaturated fatty acids, in particular n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids.
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Nitrogen use from fertilizers applied to spring barley and winter wheat
Buráňová, Šárka ; Balík, Jiří (advisor)
Nitrogen fertilization is considered to be an important agronomic intervention. Its application to the field must be deliberate and well-timed. Poor management of nitrogen fertilizers can lead to significant losses with economic and environmental consequences. In the long-term field experiment of the Department of agroenvironmental chemistry and plant nutrition will be observed the influence of different organic and mineral fertilizers and the impact of location on the nitrogen balance and nitrogen use of applied fertilizer by spring barley (Hordeum vulgare L.) and winter wheat (Triticum aestivum L.). For the purpose of the thesis will be evaluated six treatments of fertilization: Control, Sewage sludge, Manure, N, NPK, N + straw. To the crops will be in the three-year cycle applied a single dose of 330 kg N ha-1. After the harvest will be annually determined the content of total nitrogen in plant material and yield of grain and straw. For wheat will be evaluated selected yield and quality parameters. From analyses of plant material will be then calculated indicators of nitrogen utilization of applied fertilizers.
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