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Plasmodiophora brassicae on winter rape
Řičařová, Veronika ; Ryšánek, Pavel (advisor) ; Jaroslav, Jaroslav (referee)
Winter oilseed rape (Brassica napus) is an important crop in the Czech Republic. Clubroot disease caused by the pathogen Plasmodiophora brassicae Wor. is a serious and still-growing problem for oilseed rape growers. Research on P. brassicae in the Czech Republic is therefore important for the development of effective strategies to manage clubroot under Czech environmental conditions.
One of the aims of this study was monitoring of this pathogen. The disease was previously widespread in commercial vegetable production and in hobby gardens. Since 2010, oilseed rape clubroot started to spread across the whole country, whereas it had previously only been observed in the northeast. Clubroot occurrence was monitored for five years by the Union of Oilseed Growers and Processors on the basis of disease symptoms present on oilseed rape fields. The presence of P. brassicae and clubroot symptoms were reported in all regions of the Czech Republic, except the Ústecký Region, and in 31 out of 76 districts. At present, at least 130 fields are known to be infested by the pathogen, but this number is very likely underestimated. Some soil samples were also tested by conventional PCR (polymerase chain reaction) to evaluate the possibility of their usage. All 14 suspected samples tested positive by PCR.
The next aim was to evaluate the pathotype composition of P. brassicae populations from the Czech Republic, according to the three evaluation systems, and to determine soil inoculum loads for representative fields via traditional end-point PCR as well as quantitative PCR analysis. There were considerable differences between the populations of P. brassicae, and the number of pathotypes varied depending on the evaluation system and the threshold used to distinguish susceptible vs. resistant plant reactions. This is the first study comparing the effect of different thresholds. Using an index of disease (ID) of 25 % to distinguish susceptible vs. resistants reactions, there was a total of five pathotypes identified based on the differentials of Williams, five with the system of Somé et al., and 10 with the European Clubroot Differential (ECD) set. However, based on a threshold of 50%, there were five pathotypes according to the evaluation system by Williams, four based on the differentials of Somé et al. and 8 with the ECD set. Changing of the thresholds led to the reclassification of some pathotypes. Pathotypes 7 by Williams was the most frequent in both thresholds. High amounts of pathogen DNA were found in many of the field soils analysed by quantitative PCR.
Experiments with P. brassicae-resistant cultivars of winter oilseed rape were conducted in an infested field and greenhouse. In the greenhouse, six resistant cultivars were grown in infested soil collected from various fields in the Czech Republic and assessed for index of disease (ID %). The best results bring cultivar Mentor (2+- 0.7 %) closely followed by cultivar SY Alister (5+-1.1 %), the highest ID had cultivar CHW 241 (30+-3.8%). In the field experiment, seven resistant cultivars were grown, and disease development was monitored monthly. The lowest index of disease brought cultivar Andromeda (3+- 0.8 %) and PT 235 (4+-1.5 %), the highest ID has cultivar CWH 241(46 +- 6.5 %) in the first season and in the second season any cultivar achieved 25 % ID. Yields were measured at the end of the cropping season. The highest yield was achieved by cultivar SY Alister (6.1 t/ha) in the first season and cultivar PT 242 (5.03 t/ha) in the second season. The inoculum level was measured across the field by (qPCR), and a map of the infestation was created. The highest spore concentration was found on the field entrance. Collectively, the information obtained on the effectiveness of host resistance and pathogenic diversity of P. brassicae populations from the Czech Republic may help to more effectively manage clubroot in this country.
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Socially Excluded Localities and Their Revitalization. Case Study: Ústecký Region.
Zoubková, Věra Thea ; Maier, Karel (advisor) ; Jakub, Jakub (referee)
The dissertation deals with the incidence and revitalization of socially excluded localities in a defined study area. The aim of this contribution is to identify and visualize the situation of the Ústecký Region in order to find common patterns of urban deprivation occurrence and to establish the guiding principles of revitalization policies in the Czech Republic. The research took place from September 2010 to June 2015. It combined qualitative and quantitative methods, in-situ and desk research. An analysis of primary and secondary data revealed 130 excluded localities in 42 towns and cities out of 354 in the region. The majority of deprived localities (87 %) can be found in highly urbanized areas. Two thirds of localities are small areas with up to 100 inhabitants. Socially excluded areas emerge in the centre, residential districts as well as on the outskirts of towns; however, three fifths of localities are not spatially segregated. Prefabricated housing estates are the largest and most populated deprived areas. Every other inhabitant of socially excluded localities in the Region lives in a prefabricated house. Brick houses are the most proliferated type of housing facility used as accommodation for socially excluded people. They can be found in every other deprived area. Vast majority of them was built before 1989. Family houses are deprived very scarcely; however, they belong to the most dilapidated part of socially excluded housing estate. Two thirds of localities have developed naturally, while the other third has been created by a regulated relocation of socially excluded people. Vast majority of deprived areas have existed for more than 5 years. Private property prevails. Half of the localities have entered the process of revitalization to improve the urban environment, human resources and security. Applied policies aim to keep the inhabitants in place and improve the quality of public space and service. However, involvement of residents in local regeneration policymaking is weak and ineffective. The renewal process depends on grants and subsidies. Europeanization is strong especially in big cities; nevertheless, most localities are small and therefore don't qualify for the sources of the built environment programs which prefer large areas of intervention. Results of revitalization process differ from one locality to another. Areas of housing and employment fall behind in particular. As far as property regeneration is concerned, the best owners are municipalities, house unit owners associations and housing associations. Not in one case, however, reaches the share of regenerated housing units 50 % of deprived properties. In any case, the market prices of local flats stay low compared with those of correspondingly equipped properties elsewhere in town.
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Motivation as a tool of performance management
Voráčková, Eva ; Kříž, Josef (advisor) ; Hana, Hana (referee)
The thesis deals with the issue of employee motivation, which serves as a convenient tool to manage their job performance.
The theoretical part focuses on the characteristics of basic concepts related to the topic. Are defined terms which relate to human resources and their planning and subsequent management, work performance and its objectives, management and evaluation. This section also deals with motivation, sources, types, processes and various theories, motivational types of people and incentive programs. The theoretical part also describes the relationship between work performance and motivation.
In the practical part is introduced by ABC Ltd., its origin, history and focus, are defined by their principles, provided employee benefits, benefits and other programs designed for company employees. The most important chapters of this section are those that concentrate on research conducted satisfaction and motivation of its employees, its subsequent analysis, assessment of the current situation and possible proposals for changes in the company's incentive system, along with their benefits. The research was conducted using the method of questionnaire survey, a structured questionnaire.
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Motivation as a tool of performance management
Fiedlerová, Barbora ; Kříž, Josef (advisor) ; Miloslav, Miloslav (referee)
This thesis addresses the issue of motivation as a tool for performance management employees at Foxconn Technology Ltd. in Kutna Hora. The work is divided into two main parts. The theoretical part deals generally with the management of human resources, management, performance and motivation. The practical part is focused on research in the above-named company, which was conducted by questionnaire. The aim of the research was to propose changes in the structure of the incentive program organization, so that effectively the performance of employees. The respondents' answers were statistically processed, made their overall assessments and conclusions were incorporated into the design changes in the form of recommendations for changes in the structure of the incentive program organization. The results allow to recommend changes in working conditions, style of management supervisor, remuneration, social benefits and development of workplace and personal growth of employees.
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Ethics and the Code of Ethics in Public Administration
Štefančinová, Adéla ; Brabec, Jan (advisor) ; Felix, Felix (referee)
Diploma thesis Ethics and the Code of Ethics in Public Administration is focused on ethics, public administration, corruption, ethical codes and mainly empirical research. In order to better understand the essence of ethics, it is necessary to look briefly at making history since its formation and base determination to its importance nowadays. As it is dealing with an ethics in public administration, it is equally important to look shortly at the functioning of public administration, especially its rational Division to become familiar with its basics. The work also deals with the application of ethics in the public administration and the code of ethics of employees that is also a substantial amount of work. An integral part is a treatise on corruption which occurs in the case of non-compliance with the Code of Ethics. In this thesis there is an empirical research aimed at finding out how citizens perceive clerks in connection with the Code of Ethics.
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Productivity dynamics of herb layer in the thermophilous oakwood in the Nature Reservation Na Voskopě (Czech Karst) with respect to the solar radiation intensity
Mevald, Ondřej ; Černý, Tomáš (advisor) ; Josef, Josef (referee)
The Nature Reserve Na Voskopě is a special site where a long-term experiment was established in 2013, dealing with the switch of a long abandoned coppice back to its actively managed form. The project aims to examine the long-term impact of the proposed measures on the structure and diversity of plant species in herb layer especially in lighter woods at lower altitudes. The specific aim of this study was to examine the hypothesized crucial role of light conditions on the dynamics of plant biomass production in the undergrowth of such experimentally opened up thermophilous oak-dominated stand. A design was set up based on 40 permanent plots, where there were taken biomass samples from the herb layer in 2015. Further on, hemispherical images of forest canopy were photographed in the centre of each permanent plot. These images were evaluated in the analytical program WinScanopy, which calculates the amount of direct and diffuse radiation. The obtained datasets were evaluated by the regression analysis. The only decisive variable affecting the productivity of the herb layer turned to be diffuse radiation. The biomass data were also compared with light conditions sampled in the previous season (2014) as a part of ongoing experimental research. Season 2014 is characterized as a normal one and we managed to find a much stronger relationship between light conditions in 2014 and biomass productivity in 2015. Light conditions in season 2015 were significantly affected by the extremely dry and hot weather leading to strong defoliation of forest canopy. Still, we managed to demonstrate the positive impact of light conditions for the production of herb layer biomass. Weather extremes may also indicate an increase in biomass production in the next season, since a significant proportion of nutrients remained unused in the soil due to stopping the growth of vegetation. The current composition of the vegetation is very often determined by the extreme events in the abiotic environment occurring not long ago. Hemispherical images also proved as a very effective way to determine the light conditions, so it is also recommended to use for further research.
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Management and employment development in the banking sector
Vargová, Naděžda ; Toth, Daniel (advisor) ; Pavel, Pavel (referee)
This thesis researches the causes of employee turnover in the banking sector. The aim of this thesis is to determine the causes of employee turnover, identify problem areas and propose solutions to reach an optimal turnover rate. The questions the author asks are: what can be done in order to reduce employee turnover in the banking sector and to maintain optimal turnover rates, and what motivates employees to change employment? There is no simple answer to these questions. The author chose a pair of banking companies. The first step was using internal resources in order to determine the turnover rate, the survival rate and the stability index. The next stage was conducting a survey among employees, specifically relating to job satisfaction and closely related to turnover rates. The third and final step was participation in job interviews in order to better understand how human resource management worked in the two banks chosen. The author looked at what both companies have in common, what the differences are and identified the potential risks of employees leaving the services of a company and being subsequently employed by rival companies.
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Flora and vegetation of selected wet and fen grasslands near Havlíčkův Brod
Kutlvašr, Josef ; Boublík, Karel (advisor) ; Douda, Jan (referee)
The research was conducted in the growing season 2015 in selected wet and
peaty meadows near Havlíčkův Brod (Bohemian-Moravian highlands).
Phytosociological classification was carried out using the formalized Cocktail method,
which assigns relevés by formal definitions, and method of assigning according to
similarity of species composition (FPFI index). Nine vegetation groups were
delimitated: seven at association and two at alliance level. Wet meadow of the
association Angelico sylvestris-Cirsietum palustris is the most common community.
Wet meadows of the associations Scirpetum sylvaticae and Lysimachio vulgaris-
Filipenduletum ulmariae (both Calthion alliance) regularly occur. The stands of the
associations Poo-Trisetetum flavescentis (Arrhenatherion alliance) and Poo trivialis-
Alopecuretum pratensis (Deschampsion alliance) was documented at the drier edges
of the localities. Thirteen species listed in the Red list of the Czech Republic were
found. Dactylorhiza majalis, Tephroseris crispa and Valeriana dioica were the most
abundant. Carex hartmanii, Carex paniculata, Eleocharis mammilata subsp.
mamillata, Epilobium palustre, Pedicularis sylvatica, Potamogeton lucens, Comarum
palustre, Scorzonera humilis, Sparganium erectum and Trifolium spadiceum occur
rarely. Some localities (Bartoušov, Čistá, Dlouhá Ves-Pod silnicí, Mozerov a Skorkov)
are suitable for statute significant landscape element for the occurence of these
endangered species.
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Cultivation of Cannabis (Cannabis sativa L. C. indica L) and the Use of Its’ Biologically Active Substances in Medicine
Kahánková, Zdeňka ; Hamouz, Karel (advisor) ; Božik, Matěj (referee)
Cannabis has been used as a medicine throughout the history. For the first time the therapeutic use of cannabis was documented in China, 4000 B.C.
The cannabis plants contain significant levels of biologically active secondary metabolites, such as cannabinoids, enzymes, glycoproteins, alcohols, aldehydes, ketones, simple acids, fatty acids, steroids, terpenes, phenols, flavonoids, vitamins, pigments, etc. Attention has been focused particularly on the cannabinoid expressing the psychoactive effects tetrahydrocannabinol (THC). Concentration of this substance in the plant represents the difference between therapeutic and technical cannabis; technical cannabis has 0,3 % of THC and less.
The concentration of the secondary metabolites in the different stages of the life of the plant is strongly influenced by the external factors present during the cultivation. Due to this fact it is necessary to cultivate medical cannabis indoors, under strictly controlled cultivation conditions. Respecting the standardized conditions is key in order to fulfil the limits necessary for its following use in therapy and/or research.
The discovery of the cannabinoid receptors meant a breakthrough as it allowed the scientists to explain the effect of cannabis on specific tissues. An intense research of the synthetic ligands of cannabinoid receptors has been ongoing currently. Phytocannabinoids, terpenes and other secondary metabolites of cannabis express synergistic actions, meaning they should not be examined separately, but rather be considered a complex.
It can be assumed that the cannabinoid therapy will become a golden standard, which will help reduce the symptoms of the disease and even cure the patient.
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Mollusca of the Czech Republic
Rindtová, Dita ; Hlava, Jakub (advisor) ; Křivská, Daniela (referee)
The Bachelor work Mollusca of the Czech Republic deals with basic information about molluscs occurring in the Czech Republic. In the research part of my work I deal with the anatomy of their bodies, shells and life cycles characteristic for the main representatives. In general characterization the work mentions endangered species listed in the Red List. Furthermore, the research part deals with ecology focused on shellfish incidence depending on the conditions of the ecosystem, introduction, and the methods of mollusc importance to humans.
The aim of the practical part was a faunal survey of selected localities contaminated by a man. This research was carried out in selected localities near the town of Příbram. It was the firsta research focused on the incidence of molluscs in these areas. The methodology of sample collection was carried out according to common methods of collecting molluscs and it is more specified in the work.
The own research was focused on characterisation of the areas (5 localities) where the collection was carried out. Thus there was formed a systematic overview of acquired kinds of terrestrial representatives according to designated habitats, taxonomic classification and specific characterisation of the species. A total of 514 individuals were processed belonging to 26 species of molluscs. The most numerous family had Vrásenkovití (Discidae) where the number of representatives climbed to 82 individuals. On the contrary Oxychilidae family, Skleněnkovití (Vitrinidae) and Melampovití (Ellobiidae) occured the least. There was found only one individual of each family.
In the last part of my work I deal with comparison of my research to the previous research carried out in Kokořínsko Reserve. This area has similar climatic conditions and the features of the ecosystems. The result of the comparison corresponds to the variability of the species found here.
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