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International Terrorism and Challenges for International Law
Kobulská, Natália ; Bílková, Veronika (advisor) ; Ondřej, Jan (referee)
English abstract International Terrorism and Challenges for International Law Rigorosum thesis is focused on the understanding of essential problems of interna- tional terrorism in context of international law. Main challenges include the adoption of universal definition of terrorism, the settlement of the legal status of terrorists and their rights and obligations mainly in relation to human rights. It is important to clarify the responsibility of the State for terrorism (State terrorism and attribution of his actions), in relation to the population, captured terrorists, and non-state actors. The latter pose several problems in reaction to terrorist crimes, such as the legality of the use of force against them including the right of self-defence or the use of drones for targeted killing. It is contentious whether it is possible to place terrorism under existing categories of in- ternational law or it constitutes a separate act which is necessary to regulate apart from valid international rules. Keywords: terrorism, human rights, targeted killing, right to self-defence, use of force, State responsibility, non-state actor, 9/11 terrorist attacks
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Assessing the Effectiveness of the Prevent Pillar of the EU Counter-terrorism Strategy
Rakovská, Petra ; Bureš, Oldřich (advisor) ; Karásek, Tomáš (referee)
This thesis deals with the topic of terrorism prevention and counter-radicalization in the European Union. The aim of this thesis is to assess the effectiveness of the 'prevent' pillar of The EU Counter-Terrorism Strategy. Due to the lack of agreement on why people engage in terrorism, (the process of) radicalization, and measuring and conceptualizing effectiveness, a unique research framework was designed. In the absence of a 'recipe' for effective terrorism prevention, the focus is on the EU's approach, i.e. what the EU has set out for itself in the 'prevent' pillar. This research design consists of two criteria - 'progress' and 'EU involvement.' In order to assess the effectiveness of the 'prevent' pillar, each of the pillar's seven key priorities was exposed to these criteria. The findings indicate that the 'prevent' pillar is relatively effective as the progress was made in each priority area and the EU was involved considerably. As this research does not make any causality claims, these findings do not translate into the reduction of the terrorist threat. This effectiveness might as well be a result of careful wording of the pillar's priorities and their tailoring to the EU context. The main responsibility to tackle radicalization and recruitment still remains at local and national level.
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Legitimization methods employed by George W. Bush and Osama bin Laden- discourse analysis
Klincová, Lucia ; Střítecký, Vít (advisor) ; Ditrych, Ondřej (referee)
This diploma thesis focuses on the legitimization methods in case of George W. Bush's war on terror and Osama bin Laden's terrorist attacks. It takes into consideration the time period from the 9th of September 2001 (the date of the terrorist attacks in New York and Washington D.C.) until the 20th of March 2003 (the beginning of the USA's invasion in Iraq). Using the discourse analysis methodology, the thesis presents the different legitimization approaches, which were used frequently, or not at all. The analysis itself is based on a database of the official statements of the two leaders or their close fellows. The interpretation of these approaches and the analysis of the societal, political, cultural or religious context, highlight the common and different features of these two cases. The aim of this thesis is to argue that despite very different political roles George W. Bush and Osama bin Laden played, their legitimization approaches were, in fact, very similar.
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Success rate of Saudi Arabia's counter-terrorism measures in comparison with counter-terrorism measures in Algeria
Vetráková, Kristína ; Charvát, Jan (advisor) ; Ditrych, Ondřej (referee)
The thesis is focusing on terrorism, which is an issue of global significance. Two Muslim countries, Saudi Arabia and Algeria have adopted counterterrorism measures in order to prevent the spread of this global threat. The aim of the thesis is to find out whether practicing 'soft' or practicing 'hard' counterterrorism measures are more successful. The first part contains of a brief introduction and introduces the theoretical basis, the term terrorism and its form, religious terrorism. Because both of the countries are Muslim, the role of religion, especially Islam, has great impact on the success rate of the adopted measures. The focus point of the bachelor thesis will be the research question, dealing with both the 'soft' and 'hard' measures, is handling with adopted programs and furthermore with the military repressions used against terrorist in Saudi Arabia and Algeria. The final part will summarize the preceding chapters, give a percentage of rehabilitated terrorists and will discuss main research question.
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Development of Terrorism -preventive arrangement
Wohlmuth, Lukáš ; Fiala, Miloš (advisor) ; Vilášek, Josef (referee)
Title: Development of Terrorism - preventive arrangement Objectives: Objective of the thesis is to analyze terrorism as one of current threats for human society in 21. Century. Methods: In thesis is used analytical-descriptive method, which examines elementary forms of terrorism, its causations, motives and aims of terrorist groups. Results: Result of the thesis is elaborated analysis of terrorism and suggested preventive precautions according to international agreements as well as laws of particular countries, which lead to reduction of terroristic attacks. Furthermore the most known attacks from recent history are in the thesis discussed. Keywords: System, Terrorism, Police, Hostage, Threat, Attack
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The terrorism and multicultural world
Kurucová, Alexandra ; Opatrný, Martin (advisor) ; Soukup, Václav (referee)
My goal in this work is to analyze relations of terrorism and multicultural world taking into account the role of media. As a result of globalization and modernization the world is connected much more than it was in the past and so mixing of different cultures, ethnics, nations and religions brings beside many positive sides also spread of hatred against the others. There were many cases in which the attackers were immigrants that have been living in the country for several years but yet haven't been able to blend into the major society. Terrorists of these days tend to scare and paralyze society to the greatest extent. For this purpose they use the power of mass media that spreads the news all over the world through the newest technology. In my work I have used theoretical analysis of publications from the fields of terrorism, history, anthropology, politics, media and also newspaper articles that refer to significant terrorist attacks from last ten years. Key words: terrorism, muticultural world, values, media
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Somalia - Threat to the USA? Analysis of the U.S. Security Policy, 2001-2011
Matějka, Stanislav ; Bečka, Jan (advisor) ; Čížek, Martin (referee)
This thesis deals with the security threat of Somalia and the U.S. strategies applied to counter this threat primarily in the period 2001-2011. The first descriptive part discusses developments in Somalia in the years 1991-2011, with emphasis on instability and confusion in the country to outline the scope of the security threat landscape. The paper then deals with the phenomenon of "failed state", analyzes the nature of Somali piracy and discusses the strategies applied in the U.S. struggle with the Somali threat. In its final part the paper summarizes and critically evaluates the possible alternatives of American foreign policy for the future.
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Saudi Arabia and its "Soft" Approach in Counterterrorism
Rakovská, Petra ; Bureš, Oldřich (advisor) ; Charvát, Jan (referee)
The thesis deals with the phenomenon of global terrorism and Saudi's counterterrorism strategy. This strategy consists of several "soft" counterterterrorist measures, which represent some sort of innovation in the field of counterterrorism. The first part is an introduction into the background of the thesis. It introduces the key terms, such as terrorism, counterterrorism and its main concepts, typology and root causes of terrorist activity. Saudi Arabia is presented as islamic country and corrupt interpetation of the islamic ideology is supposed to be the cause of extremism. Other parts of the thesis are dealing with the "soft" approach itself, which was launched in the aftermath of Rijad terrorist attacks in 2003. There is an attempt to explain its individual components, whilst the PRAC strategy is considered to be the key part. PRAC strategy offers counselling and rehabilitation to extremist individuals or sympathizers with terrorists. Saudi authorities have implemented some other countermeasures, which are then clarified by the author. Eventually, the author evaluates the approach and outlines its advantages and disadvantages.
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The FRG in the Western Defence System, 1969-1974
Kminiak, Tomáš ; Horčička, Václav (advisor) ; Soukup, Jaromír (referee)
The Master's Thesis on the Inflow of the Federal Republic of Germany in the Western Security System, 1969-1974, consists of four and tied parts. The first part is an introduction, which has put the reader into the problem of this work. It also includes the methodology of processing of the archival sources and secondary literature and their evaluation too. The Second part is an analyses of the question of Treaty on the Non-proliferation of Nuclear Weapons (NPT), the importance of this Treaty for the future development and the position of the so-called Grand coaliton in relation to NPT. The third part is an analyses the question of détente policy and conception of Willy Brandt's European security policy, then the problem of the implications of the US/USSR Strategic Arms Limitation Talks for the security status of the Federal Republic of Germany and also the developing of mutual relationships of FRG with NATO in SALT process and involvement of the Nixon administrative in this policy. This chapter also includes the problem of the question of the importance of SPD/FDP security policy in an international context. The fourth chapter is a study of the internal political reasons of Willy Brandt's security policy, mainly the problem of existence of a terrorist group, the Red Army Faction. At the end of this...
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Analysis of tourism in countries of the Middle East
Senčáková, Slávka ; Jarolímková, Liběna (advisor) ; Fulnečková, Pavlína (referee)
This thesis deal with the current security situation in regard to tourism in selected area of the Middle East. The first chapter summarizes the fundamental facts about the area and the individual countries. Next chapter continues with the research of public opinion of interested social group on the concrete security issue, potential of tourism develoment, threats and obtain the objective data of the analyzed states. The following chapter introduces the attitude of travel agents who operate in the area. The work is finished with the chapter in which the author defines the greatest risks that decrease the potential for development of tourism in the Middle East and provide an overall summary of security situation in analyzed countries.
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