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The organization of judiciary in Austria in the second half of the 19th century
Šalak, Boris ; Kindl, Vladimír (referee)
The organization of judiciary in Austria in the second half of the 19th century The main aim of this thesis is a description of the organization of the judiciary in Austria (Cisleithania) in the second half of the 19th century and its position in the broader European context. The revolution of 1848 dramatically affected the organization of the judiciary. In 1850 in some territories of the monarchy a new system of ordinary courts was activated which replaced the old system of pre-March. The new system was fully put under state control and separated from the administration at all levels. Despite the fact that this new structure was notably changed in the next half-century, the basic principles of the organization (with certain exception of the years 1855 to 1867) have not changed much. Other milestones in the development are the years 1854/1855 (the so-called Bach reorganization of the judiciary), the years 1867/1868 (the adoption of the December Constitution and application of certain principles contained therein), the years 1873/1874 (the adoption of the new Criminal Procedure Code and the beginning of its efficiency) and finally the years 1895-1898, when the reform of civil procedure and judicial organization took place. Austrian judicial system in the form it had assumed at the beginning of the last...
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"The Gypsy Scourge!" Creation and Implementation of Anti-Gypsy Measures in interwar Czechoslovakia and After, 1918-1941
Baloun, Pavel ; Himl, Pavel (advisor) ; Sadílková, Helena (referee) ; Zimmermann, Volker (referee)
On December 22, 1926, an opening ceremony of the so-called Gypsy school was held in Uzhhorod, the capital of the Czechoslovak administration in Carpathian Ruthenia. Czech officials who gave talks pointed out pedagogical significance of the established institution which they described as unique and exceptional "experiment". The creation of a special school for children of those inhabitants who were labelled as "Gypsies" on the territory which was annexed by Czechoslovakia only later after the First World War and which in the contemporary imagination represented specific, "backward" region of the newly established state, served to consolidate the legitimacy of the First Republic as a democratic, progressive, modern, liberal state which belonged to the developed and civilized West. More than a half year later, on July 14, 1927, representatives in the Czechoslovak Parliament in Prague passed the Act No. 117/1927 on Wandering Gypsies. The development of this law was related to an immense interest of the contemporary media in "Gypsies" which was encouraged by the arrest of approximately twenty "Gypsies" from a village located in East Slovakia. They were charged of numerous robberies and murders. In contrast to the situation shortly after the First World War when the central Czechoslovak authorities...
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Local people's courts in the Jablonec area
Beerová, Zuzana ; Šouša, Jiří (advisor) ; Skřejpková, Petra (referee)
Local people's courts in Jablonec area Abstract The thesis Local people's courts in Jablonec area consists of two basic parts. The general part applies generally to the institution of people's courts, their ideological grounds, the local people's courts statute and it's interpretation, the problems of chosen institutes are connected to the people's courts statute and to the activities of these courts. In the special part consisted by the parts 2 - 4 focuses the thesis on the application and comparison of findings from the general part to experiences of concrete local people's courts in Jablonec area, precisely in the district of Jablonec nad Nisou. For the general part were as sources used mainly periodical monographs dedicated to the theme local people's courts and periodical articles in the specialized journals Právník and Socialistická zákonnost. The thesis is also based on contemporary articles, mainly from the L. Soukup's article. In the special part processes the thesis the accessible archival funds about concrete local people's courts kept in the State district archives in Jablonec nad Nisou and Most. The local people's courts were an experiment of the socialistic judiciary situated on the boundary of executive and judicial power, with a character similar to the nowadays district courts and offence...
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Czech republic in international comparison (selected indicators) - 2018
Český statistický úřad
Mezinárodní srovnání České republiky s ostatními zeměmi, zejména pak se státy Evropské unie. Nabízí široké spektrum údajů z mnoha oblastí statistiky, zahrnuje např. informace o obyvatelstvu, trhu práce, životní úrovni, národních účtech, financích, cenách, průmyslu, zahraničním obchodě, službách a životním prostředí.
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The organization of judiciary in Austria in the second half of the 19th century
Šalak, Boris ; Kindl, Vladimír (referee)
The organization of judiciary in Austria in the second half of the 19th century The main aim of this thesis is a description of the organization of the judiciary in Austria (Cisleithania) in the second half of the 19th century and its position in the broader European context. The revolution of 1848 dramatically affected the organization of the judiciary. In 1850 in some territories of the monarchy a new system of ordinary courts was activated which replaced the old system of pre-March. The new system was fully put under state control and separated from the administration at all levels. Despite the fact that this new structure was notably changed in the next half-century, the basic principles of the organization (with certain exception of the years 1855 to 1867) have not changed much. Other milestones in the development are the years 1854/1855 (the so-called Bach reorganization of the judiciary), the years 1867/1868 (the adoption of the December Constitution and application of certain principles contained therein), the years 1873/1874 (the adoption of the new Criminal Procedure Code and the beginning of its efficiency) and finally the years 1895-1898, when the reform of civil procedure and judicial organization took place. Austrian judicial system in the form it had assumed at the beginning of the last...
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The District court in Lišov in the years 1918-1939 taking into account the criminal cases
VOJČOVÁ, Nikola
Justice of the First Czechoslowak Republic follows on from the justice of Austor-Hungarian Empire. The theoretical part of the presented thesis illustrates how the criminal law has changed and what the system of a judiciary organization was. The second part of the thesis, based on the research of archival sources, focuses on district court and cases which falling within their jurisdiction on the example of the town Lišov in South Bohemia in the years 1918-1939. Attention is payed on a local municipal police, as well as the persons of judges and notaries.
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Political Role of Courts and Judges from a European and Comparative Perspective
Vikarská, Zuzana ; Kysela, Jan (advisor) ; Wintr, Jan (referee) ; Holländer, Pavol (referee)
1 Political Role of Courts and Judges from a European and Comparative Perspective Zuzana Vikarská The submitted dissertation examines European apex courts (i.e. the Court of Justice of the European Union and the European Court of Human Rights) and aims to answer the research question whether these judicial institutions are political and, if so, in what sense. The author puts forward five perspectives from which the political role of courts and judges can be analysed. The first dimension perceives judges as human beings who are influenced not only by legal rules but also by various non-legal influences, including political ones. In the first dimension, the notion of politics therefore stands in contrast to a certain idea of legal purity and separation of law from politics. This first dimension covers various jurisprudential perspectives on judicial decision-making, but also issues such as transparency of judicial institutions or the quality of judicial reasoning. The second dimension looks at the nomination procedures that lead to judicial appointments at the European apex courts. In this case, politics means the participation of political actors in the process of selecting candidates for the judicial functions. In this meaning, the notion of politics stands in opposition to the notion of expertise. The...
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Fight against "dishonest elements" in Lišov at 1875-1914
VOJČOVÁ, Nikola
The Bachelor thesis focuses on crime in the late 19th and early 20th century in the South Bohemian town Lišov. The first part of thesis briefly describes the administration of justice in the monitored period and the criminal theory, therefore, the laws that the judicial authorities to follow. The second part is dedicated to the main theme of this thesis, namely to Lišov and offenses committed on its territory. After the introduction to the history of the city, the local government and persons of police officers followed a main part of thesis, namely the analysis of various crimes in terms of both theoretical and practical.
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Organization of judiciary in Austria in the second half of the 19th century
Šalak, Boris ; Malý, Karel (advisor) ; Kindl, Vladimír (referee) ; Vojáček, Ladislav (referee)
The organization of judiciary in Austria in the second half of the 19th century The main aim of this thesis is a description of the organization of the judiciary in Austria (Cisleithania) in the second half of the 19th century and its position in the broader European context. The revolution of 1848 dramatically affected the organization of the judiciary. In 1850 in some territories of the monarchy a new system of ordinary courts was activated which replaced the old system of pre-March. The new system was fully put under state control and separated from the administration at all levels. Despite the fact that this new structure was notably changed in the next half-century, the basic principles of the organization (with certain exception of the years 1855 to 1867) have not changed much. Other milestones in the development are the years 1854/1855 (the so-called Bach reorganization of the judiciary), the years 1867/1868 (the adoption of the December Constitution and application of certain principles contained therein), the years 1873/1874 (the adoption of the new Criminal Procedure Code and the beginning of its efficiency) and finally the years 1895-1898, when the reform of civil procedure and judicial organization took place. Austrian judicial system in the form it had assumed at the beginning of the last...
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