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Volunteer project as way to strenghten intergenerational relationships
Hušek Morawitzová, Soňa ; Lorenzová, Jitka (advisor) ; Burešová, Karolína (referee)
The intergenerational relationships between the generation of young people and the generation of the elderly constitute the topic of this thesis. The theoretical part of the thesis deals with the specifics of generations of young and old people, demographic trends and aspects that have been occuring with an increasing number of seniors. Misunderstanding and intergenerational conflicts belong among the negative consequences of an aging society. In order to prevent intergenerational conflicts, it is necessary to create conditions so that the members of different generations can get to know each other better and comprehend the lifestyle of a different generation. Due to the transformation of the contemporary family - with grandchildren not having an opportunity to be with their grandparents in close contact as much as it used to be in the past - it is necessary to look for new ways to interconnect the worlds of young and old people. A volunteer project focused on an informal intergenerational learning is one of the options. Regarding the empirical part of the paper, it aims to determine whether the implementation of a volunteer project - that involves students as volunteers and seniors as clients of a home for the elderly - may contribute to the intergenerational rapprochement, whether common...
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Influence of Senior Citizens' Active Lifestyle on Their Mental Condition
Morávková, Markéta ; Bunc, Václav (advisor) ; Hráský, Pavel (referee)
Title: Influence of Senior Citizens' Active Lifestyle on Their Mental Condition Aim of the thesis: The main aim of the thesis is to assess, on the basis of a survey, whether there is a connection between quantity of physical activity and depression in senior citizens. Senior age brings various limitations and problems. Among them there are mental problems, primarily depressions. There is a question whether the problem can be influenced, namely by physical activity. If yes, by what quantity of physical activity. Methods: The bachelor thesis is solved by the form of a survey done in Prague. On the basis of one survey I inquired what quantity of physical activity the respondents had per week. I classified it on the scale from 1 to 3. Using another standardized survey I inquired what level of depression the senior citizens suffered. I classified the results on the scale of 1 - 15. I compared the data and drew conclusions. Results: The thesis led to the result that active lifestyle has significant influence on mental health of senior citizens. 47% of respondents did not state any physical activity, on the average their depression ranges on the limit between medium and serious depression. The more physical activity the senior citizens state, the more their average depression reduces; in very active...
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The Issue of Placement of Seniors in Homes for the Elderly
VANČUROVÁ, Alena
The thesis deals with problems connected with the placement of senior citizens into homes for the elderly. The objectives of the thesis are to find out how long the waiting period for the placement into a home for senior citizens is and which obstacles and problems connected with the placement into homes for the elderly appear. The theoretical part of the thesis is focused on some demographic trends, the opinion of the Czech population about the old age and senior citizens, history of social services for senior citizens in the Czech Republic and abroad, and the current offer of social services for senior citizens. In this part, I also describe the process of placing of senior citizens into homes for the elderly and the services which homes for the elderly offer to their clients; I also focus on the senior citizens´ financial reimbursement of board and lodging in homes for the elderly. The research was conducted by means of quantitative and qualitative methods and techniques. In the qualitative research, I deal with the second part of my goal identifying obstacles to placement in homes for the elderly. Firstly, I set the following research questions: 1) What are the obstacles and problems in the process of placing senior citizens into homes for the elderly? and 2) Do senior citizens have any other options of care instead of the care in homes for the elderly? Then, I conducted semi-standardized interviews with 3 social workers, 8 senior citizens and with 3 members of families which put their senior citizens into homes for the elderly. I asked all of them almost identical questions to be able to compare their responses later. The results show that nowadays, dependent senior citizens who have no other option of care are more likely to be placed into homes for the elderly. The answers to the question "What are the obstacles and problems when placing senior citizens into homes for the elderly?" were rather variable and they cannot be generalized. The quantitative part of my research relates to the first part of my goal. Here I primarily focused on the waiting period. The following two hypotheses were set for the research. H1: Senior citizens negatively evaluate the waiting period for their placement into homes for the elderly. H2: Senior citizens know only one possibility of care homes for the elderly. To verify the above hypotheses, I used the method of secondary analysis of the data taken from the client's documentation and the method of controlled conversation. Therefore, I conducted my research in the following homes for the elderly: Home for the elderly Light in Písek, Home for the elderly Bechyně, Home for the elderly Diaconia Centre ČCE Blanka in Písek, Home for the elderly Centre for Social Assistance Vodňany. Social workers in each facility advised me to use the greatest possible number of clients who were oriented and able to answer my questions. In total, I analyzed 100 files of personal documentation and then I conducted the structured interviews with the analysed clients in the homes for the elderly which are mentioned above. The average waiting period was 243 days. In the category of the waiting period shorter than 1 month there were 26 senior citizens; from 1 to 2 months 33 senior citizens; from 3 to 4 months 11 senior citizens; longer than 5 months 30 senior citizens. 79 senior citizens rated their waiting periods positively, but 21 senior citizens rated their waiting periods negatively. 56 senior citizens had some knowledge about other possibilities of care; most of them reported the nursing service (54 responses); homes with nursing (8 responses); personal assistance (3 responses); pensions for senior citizens (1 response).
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Injury prevention related to falls of the residents of Home for the elderly.
SOUKUPOVÁ, Hana
The diploma thesis is structured into a theoretical part and an empirical part. The theoretical part consists of four chapters. The empirical part of the diploma thesis is based on qualitative research. The data were collected via semi-structured interviews with the senior citizens and the nurses. The replies were processed into clearly arranged charts and categories with brief descriptions. Another research method applied was observation. The interviews were followed by a detailed analysis of the documentation, which involved the analysis of the medical records of the senior citizens with a focus on medical diagnosis, chronic medication, and processing of the fall risk and its evaluation. The diploma thesis pursued three objectives by means of four related research questions. The first objective was to ascertain the extent of the clients' awareness of fall risks. The second objective was to assess the discomfort associated with usage of the special device preventing hip joint injuries resulting from falls during common everyday activities of the senior citizens. Finally, the third objective was to obtain the opinions of the healthcare staff on working with clients wearing special devices preventing the hip joint injuries. Four research questions were formulated in connection with these three objectives. Research question No. 1: What is the quality of information provided by the healthcare staff as part of the preventive intervention regarding the falls? Research question No. 2: How willing are the clients to accept changes contributing to fall prevention? Research question No. 3: To what extent is the comfort of the client affected by using special devices preventing fall-related hip joint injuries? Research question No. 4: To what extent is the work of the healthcare staff affected if their clients use devices preventing fall-related hip joint injuries? The results of the qualitative research suggest that the extent of information provided by the healthcare staff as part of the preventive intervention regarding the falls is insufficient in terms of awareness of the risky places. In particular, the research revealed that the nurses fail to sufficiently monitor the effects of chronic medication which may contribute to psycho-motor inhibition of the senior clients. As far as mobility aids are concerned, the nurses offer these devices sufficiently. The nurses demonstrated very good knowledge of all the mobility aids which may facilitate self-reliance of the senior clients. Another problematic issue is the safety of the rooms, particularly in terms of various protrusions and unevenness in the bathrooms. The results of the research do not show any unwillingness of the clients to accept changes contributing to fall prevention. Nevertheless, two of the respondents failed to engage in the activities and maintain physical fitness by regular exercise in the Retirement House. Furthermore, the results do not show any limitation of the clients' comfort resulting from using special devices preventing fall-related hip joint injuries. Finally, according to the research the healthcare staff does not feel restricted in any way when working with senior clients using such device. The results of the research will be used for repeated meetings with the senior clients and particularly with the nurses. The management of the Retirement House, together with the healthcare staff, are working on a new educational material which would indicate risky places with increased probability of falls. These results could be beneficial also for other facilities where healthcare staff takes care of senior citizens. Last but not least, the results are of interest also to the health insurance companies which could provide this special device with at least partial subsidy as part of the primary prevention programme.
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Differences in the sight of home for the elderly before and after placing a client
HÁLOVÁ, Jana
The diploma thesis Perception of a Retirement Home before and after Client's Admission deals with elderly people's decision to go to a retirement home and their subsequent life in a retirement home. The diploma thesis is divided into two parts theoretical and empirical. The theoretical part focuses on aging and old age, quality of life, autonomy, modern families and elderly care at home as well as in institutions. The chapter Aging, Old Age and the Elderly explains the terms "aging" and "old age". Next, it also describes the changes that occur during old age, how the elderly manage to adapt to these changes and what is their attitude toward old age. From the nursing perspective, the senior citizens can be divided into following categories: able, fragile, dependent, completely dependent and dying. According to this division, the level of care for the elderly can be determined. However, it is vital to maintain acceptable life quality among the elderly as well as respect their real needs. Not only basic physiological needs have to be satisfied, but also higher-level needs cannot be overlooked, such as safety, security, love, acceptance, belonging, respect, recognition and personal fulfillment. One of the next main aspects that also should be taken into account is personal autonomy. Personal autonomy includes independence and freedom. It is self-sufficiency of an individual related to his or her possibilities, abilities and willingness to seize the choices and opportunities that life offers. People have the right to make independent decisions and establish or carry out them in their social environment. In general, people are considered to be autonomous individuals when they manage and organize their own activities without help of anyone else, are able to satisfy their physiological needs, stand up for their opinions and do not enforce approval, closeness and emotional support. They should not excessively fear other people or even feel guilty. If elderly people are no longer self-sufficient due to any reason, it is necessary to provide them with comprehensive care. Elderly people should be entitled to choose their preferred form of care. Elderly care can be provided in clients' private environment, by their family or by field social work. If the elderly do not have a family or it is not possible to take care of them in their home, a housing facility called a retirement home can be used. A retirement home helps its clients with following: accommodation, meals, assistance with daily self-care tasks, personal hygiene or arrangement for personal hygiene, maintaining contacts with social environment, activating tasks and enforcing rights and interests (for instance assistance in dealing with authorities, communicating with various companies, etc.). The aim of the empirical part of the thesis was to determine how the elderly perceive the retirement home before their admission and after adaptation. A secondary aim was to identify the views of family members on changes in the behavior of the elderly after their placement in a retirement home. With regard to the objectives of the thesis, a qualitative research method has been chosen which allows to examine the area in depth. The research was conducted by a survey method (a semi-structured interview). The research was conducted in two retirement homes in South Bohemia. The research group consisted of 10 respondents aged from 60 to 88 years. The target group was selected by quota sampling. The respondents consisted of clients without loss of cognitive abilities placed in a retirement home who could remember their idea about the retirement home before entering it. Another target group were family members of the individual interviewed clients. The diploma thesis states questions related to the research areas.
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Value System of Senior Citizens in Nursing Home Domov seniorů Jindřichův Hradec
BERÁNKOVÁ, Jana
This thesis focuses on the values preferred by senior citizens in old people's homes. Values are an integral part of every human life. The old age brings about a reorientation of values; there is a fixation on the family when senior citizens need to feel a sense of necessity and love. Accommodation of needs is a basis for the development of a value system where its value hierarchy is a structured system governed by importance. Old people feel a need for communication but this need is not very well saturated. With increasing age, feelings of loneliness occur and biological needs become accentuated. The empirical part of the thesis defines the objective to find out what life values are preferred by the senior citizens in the Old People's Nursing Home in Jindřichův Hradec. The method for data collection was a qualitative research, the method of case studies. The research group was selected using the method of quota purposive sampling. It consisted of six users of the OPNH; they were communicative men and women aged 65-85 years who received care allowance of the 2nd degree. The key technique used for data collection was an interview using a manual that was used with the six respondents at the OPNH in Jindřichův Hradec. A total of 15 users were interviewed who met the quota conditions but only six users were willing to participate in the research and to be interviewed. The last research question examined what their view of the life in the OPNH is. The research showed that the respondents were affected most by their stay at a triple room, which restricted their quality of sleep, privacy and adaptation. Retaining the dignity and communication with the staff is most important for the respondents. It is possible to comment answering the main research question What life values are preferred by the senior citizens in the Old People's Nursing Home in Jindřichův Hradec' by stating that the respondents feel as the most important their self-sufficiency and health, which undoubtedly affect the fulfilment of all the other needs, and the family that is the purpose of lives of the respondents, it is their driving force and they have something to live for. This thesis should highlight the importance of the issues preferred by users in the Old People's Nursing Home, the importance of cooperation with their families, how important is communication that helps the users to adapt to the new environment and then the creating of individual plans to maintain self-sufficiency of the senior citizens and, in the event they can no longer be self-sufficient and there is a need of help from another person, it is necessary to realize how important it is for the users to maintain their dignity. This thesis helps to justify the importance of the value system of senior citizens. It also expresses the efforts to improve the quality of life of senior citizens in residential social-service facilities while making social work more effective.
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Senior´s Subjectively Perceived Quality of Life in Mikulov
ŠRÁMKOVÁ, Klára
The aim of this thesis is the quality of life subjectively felt by senior citizens living in the town Mikulov. For the elderly, a high-quality life is very important. It is usually a consequence of how the senior citizens are prepared for their own old age. The level of self-sufficiency and autonomy is equally crucial, as well as the extent of changes connected to ageing. Presence of an illness that limits the senior citizen also plays an important role. The thesis consists of two main parts. The first one is theoretical and deals with the above mentioned quality of life and factors that might influence it. Terms such as old age and ageing are defined in this part and also the periodization of old age and categorization of senior citizens are given. This part also describes the changes connected with ageing. The practical part of the thesis aims to determine the impact of different lifestyle on the quality of life and in general the factors influencing it. The method used is SEIQoL. This method uses direct answers of respondents, who give themselves five life goals (34). The necessary data was received on the bases of an additional method ? the semi-structured interview, which enabled to profoundly treat the different goals and to get to know the respondents better (understand their values). The data were then analysed using the pattern (gestalt) recognition method. The nature of this method is to detect certain patterns and structures that are more general and that based on similarity or diversity (21). The respondents were chosen intentionally according to certain criteria (21). For the purposes of this research, male and female senior citizens of very various ages and with various lifestyles were chosen. More precisely, the senior citizens chosen are four women between 67 and 80 and four men between 65 and 83. According to the research, the main factors affecting the quality of life of senior citizens are health and family. Different lifestyle of respondents is apparent once regarded their social life (family structures, friendships) in a closer perspective. As for the senior citizens that do not live in their own house or apartment, the research didn?t indicate any important differences. Three (out of eight) respondents are in this living situation. They affirm to have gotten used to the current living situation and be happy about it in the present. The living situation is also connected to the financial situation of the senior citizens. In case of respondents living in their own house or apartment, the monthly payments are reduced only to the overhead costs. In case of those living in a nursing home or home for the elderly, there is also the rent. I therefore suppose that different lifestyle of the senior citizens is not that important overall. What is more important, it is the level of satisfaction of senior citizens? needs and different factors affecting the quality of life in general. Among the most important ones can be mentioned: family, health and financial security (8). The respondents also agreed on the importance of their leisure time and of the way they are spending it. The void that comes naturally after the children leave home is generally filled by some domestic animal to keep the senior citizen company. Two of the respondents equally mentioned contentedness among other factors affecting their life. On the basis of this research we can assume that senior citizens in Mikulov are generally happy and the level of their subjectively felt quality of life is high. This thesis can serve as a source of information for those who are interested in related topics. Moreover, it can be used as a bases for creating measures that would improve the life quality of senior citizens in Mikulov.
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Usage of NANDA II Classification in Nursing Care for Senior Citizens in the Old People´s Home
ČERVENÁ VRÁTNÍKOVÁ, Michaela
Old People´s Homes represent one of the options of caring for senior citizens. They focus on senior citizens over 65 who, due to deterioration of their physical and mental status or unfavourable social situation, need permanent assistance from another person. The role of Old People´s Homes is to enable the clients to spend their old age in a worthy and satisfying way, and to keep and support their self-sufficiency. Senior citizens there are looked after by a multidisciplinary team of experts comprising doctors, nurses, physiotherapists, ergotherapists, attendant care workers and social workers. Nurses in Old People´s Homes work according to standards of nursing and social care, and they work using the method of nursing process. Nursing diagnostics is its integral part. It works on careful collection of information about a client and serves for exact and brief naming of his/her state of health ? current or potencial nursing problem, and subsequently helps to choose appropriate interventions that will lead to maintenance or restitution of client´s health. Theoretical part of the thesis describes ageing and old age, options of caring for senior citizens, care in Old People´s Homes. It also deals with geriatric syndroms, NANDA classification, its history and importance, and making nursing diagnoses.Practical part of the thesis is divided into two parts. The first part aims to discover how NANDA II classification is used in nursing care in Old People´s Homes, and to find out the attitude of nurses in Old People´s Homes to use of NANDA II classification. To reach these objectives, two research questions were asked: ?How do nurses use NANDA II classification?? and ?What is the attitude of nurses to use of NANDA II classification?? The aim of the second part of the research is to discover how education of nurses affects their attitude to use of NANDA II classification. To reach this objective, the following research question was asked: ?How do nurses change their attitude to use of NANDA II classification after the educational training course??To find out the necessary information, the qualitative research, the method of asking questions and true experiment, and the technique of in-depth interview were used. The interviews were recorded on a voice recorder, their exact transcription followed. Data gained from the interviews were processed by the technique of open coding using the method of pencil and paper, and classified into particular categories and subcategories. Education of nurses by giving a presentation in PowerPoint was an integral part of the research investigation.Analysis of data gained from the interviews, which were held before the educational training course, resulted in categories Nursing Process, Nursing Diagnostics and Attitude of Nurses to Nursing Diagnostics; these categories were divided further into particular subcategories. Research investigation showed that nurses had basic knowledge of nursing process and that they used methods of nursing process in their work. However, they had unsatisfactory knowledge of nursing diagnostics, they didn´t regularly work with nursing diagnoses and their attitude to nursing process was mostly negative. Analysis of data from interviews held after the educational training course resulted in the category Change of Attitude of Nurses, which revealed a change of nurses´ attitude after education about NANDA II classification, making nursing diagnoses and its importance. Nurses mostly responded that a properly and exactly defined diagnosis is beneficial for a nurse and client as much as a properly chosen intervention. All five respondents agreed that preconditions of good quality work with nursing diagnoses are to use them in a cohesive way by all nurses, revise them regularly, and promote the knowledge of NANDA II classification and nursing diagnostics among nurses who work in the Old People´s Home.
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