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Nutritional Status in Patients with Huntington's Disease and Nutritional Support
Kosheleva, Svetlana ; Klempíř, Jiří (advisor) ; Růžičková, Lucie (referee)
Huntington's disease is a dominantly-inherited autosomal neurodegenerative disease manifested by disorders of motility, cognitive function, behaviour, and weight loss, which is conditioned multifactorially. The aim of the study was to determine whether there are eating disorders in Huntington's disease, as well as its etiology and severity. Neurological scaling, anthropometric examinations, evaluation of three-day diet records, measurements with a manual dynamometer, bioimpedance analyses, indirect colorimetry and predictions of energy expenditure were performed on 10 patients. Algorithms were applied for the diagnosis of sarcopenia and malnutrition. Unwanted weight loss was observed in all patients and 4 out of 10 showed malnutrition. No difference was found between the values of measured resting metabolism and calculated according to the predictive equation. However, it has been shown that strict nutritional recommendations based on this data can be misleading for some patients with HN, as real energy consumption can be significantly higher. All our patients had a positive energy balance. A new diagnostic algorithm for the early diagnosis of sarcopenia has proven its worth. Using bioimpedance analysis and examination of the force of the handshake, we identified possible sarcopenia and already-present...
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Prognostic Siginificance of Sarcopenia in Patients with Liver Cirrhosis
Kozlova, Marina ; Brůha, Radan (advisor) ; Meisnerová, Eva (referee)
Introduction: Sarcopenia is a common complication of liver cirrhosis and has a significant negative effect on the clinical outcome and prognosis of patients. Sarcopenia is manifested by a loss of muscle mass and a decline in muscle strength and overall physical performance. X-ray examination is the most accurate method in the diagnosis of sarcopenia, but it is unknown to what extent the prognosis of liver cirrhosis can be predicted by non-invasive and broadly available anthropometric measurements and functional tests combined with the analysis of routine laboratory data. The aim of the work is to find factors related to the severity of liver cirrhosis, the occurrence of complications and survival of patients with a focus on muscle mass, muscle strength and physical performance. Methods: The observational study included 20 patients of the IV. Department of Internal Medicine of the General University Hospital in Prague (VFN) - Clinics of Gastroenterology and Hepatology diagnosed with liver cirrhosis. The progress of cirrhosis was assessed with MELD and Child-Pugh scores. Patients were examined twice, once during hospitalization and 3 months later. Functional tests of hand grip strength, chair stand test, NCT test and quality of life questionnaire were performed. Other measurements included...
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Comparison and validity of new criteria for the diagnosis of malnutrition by GLIM in clinical practise
Boček, Petr ; Vágnerová, Tereza (advisor) ; Topinková, Eva (referee)
Aim of thesis: The aim of this bachelor thesis was to compare the standardized nutrition screening tools and the new diagnostic criterita of malnutrition according to GLIM with the practical findings of muscle mass using BIA in the clinical practice. Methods: Recently admitted and suitable patients aged 60+ at the Geriatric clinic of the General University Hospital in Prague and the First Faculty of Medicine of Charles University were selected for this research. Age, weight, height and subsequently BMI were determined at these patients. A standardized screening MUST (according to BAPEN), MUST in the modification of the General University Hospital, MNA-SF, SGA, evaluation according to the new criteria according to GLIM using BIA to determine seriousness of sarcopenia were performed. Results: According to GLIM criteria (SMI value [kg/m2 ] is 10,76 for the diagnosis of sarcopenia and 8,51 for severe diagnosis of sarcopenia for men and 6,76 for the diagnosis of sarcopenia and 5,76 for severe sarcopenia for women), there were 80,4 % of patients sarcopenic. The average SMI for men was 8,6±1,0 and 6,3 ±1,1 for women. The MUST screening had an overall low sensitivity - 61 %. In contrast, the MNA had high sensitivity - 91 % compared to the SGA. The best validity for malnutrition and sarcopenia is given by...
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The decline in skeletal muscle mass - sarcopenia in seniors
KADEŘÁBKOVÁ, Hana
As the age increases, the physical fitness of seniors decreases. This shows the fragility of their body. Managing everyday activities becomes increasingly more difficult for them. Result of this is reduced self-sufficiency of the seniors, which leads to reduced mobility and to the greater loss of muscle mass and higher dependence on professional care. Aging is accompanied by loss of muscle mass and muscle strength - sarcopenia. This is one of the main causes of geriatric fragility. Sarcopenia presents a serious health problem with both social and economic consequences. The term sarcopenia (from Greek words sarx - meaning flesh referring to muscle and penia - loss) was first used in 1989 by Irwin Rosenberg to describe the loss of muscle mass accompanying aging. Exactly defining the term sarcopenia has helped explain this gradual loss of muscle mass. Three objectives were set in the thesis. The first objective was to find out whether sarcopenia reduces the quality of life in the elderly. The second goal was to determine, which quality of life tests are suitable for testing sarcopenia and the last one was whether the SARC - F questionnaire predicts sarcopenia.Quantitative research was used for the empirical part of this work. Data collection was performed using a method of a questionnaire. These were standardized questionnaires aimed at assessing sarcopenia and quality of life. The research was carried out with a total of 77 respondents with sarcopenia and respondents without sarcopenia. The quantitative part of the research was statistically processed using the MS Excel computer program.
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The decline in skeletal muscle mass - sarcopenia in seniors
KADEŘÁBKOVÁ, Hana
As the age increases, the physical fitness of seniors decreases. This shows the fragility of their body. Managing everyday activities becomes increasingly more difficult for them. Result of this is reduced self-sufficiency of the seniors, which leads to reduced mobility and to the greater loss of muscle mass and higher dependence on professional care. Aging is accompanied by loss of muscle mass and muscle strength - sarcopenia. This is one of the main causes of geriatric fragility. Sarcopenia presents a serious health problem with both social and economic consequences. The term sarcopenia (from Greek words sarx - meaning flesh referring to muscle and penia - loss) was first used in 1989 by Irwin Rosenberg to describe the loss of muscle mass accompanying aging. Exactly defining the term sarcopenia has helped explain this gradual loss of muscle mass. Three objectives were set in the thesis. The first objective was to find out whether sarcopenia reduces the quality of life in the elderly. The second goal was to determine, which quality of life tests are suitable for testing sarcopenia and the last one was whether the SARC - F questionnaire predicts sarcopenia.Quantitative research was used for the empirical part of this work. Data collection was performed using a method of a questionnaire. These were standardized questionnaires aimed at assessing sarcopenia and quality of life. The research was carried out with a total of 77 respondents with sarcopenia and respondents without sarcopenia. The quantitative part of the research was statistically processed using the MS Excel computer program.
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Reference values of hand grip strength in older people in the Czech Republic
Hájek, Jakub ; Šteffl, Michal (advisor) ; Daďová, Klára (referee)
Title: Reference values of hand grip strength in older people in the Czech Republic Objectives: The main aim was to establish reference values for handgrip strength and grip strength adjusted by BMI in the elderly over 50 years old in the Czech Republic. Methods: Data obtained from the Survey of Health, Aging and Retirement in Europe (SHARE) was used to calculate reference values for handgrip strength and grip strength adjusted to BMI. The reference values were based on percentile distributions depending on age and gender; additionally percentile nomograms were created. Results: The research sample consisted of 1,787 men (average age 64.5 ± 8.8) and 2,207 women (average age 64.3 ± 8.9 years) from the Czech Republic. Men achieved higher values than women for both variables, which continuously decreased with age in both genders. Conclusion: Those reference values could serve as key indicators for evaluating the physical fitness of seniors in the Czech Republic. Key words: physical performance, frailty, sarcopenia
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Exercise regimem in active seniors
Kolářová, Kateřina ; Bunc, Václav (advisor) ; Hráský, Pavel (referee)
Title: Excercise regimen in active seniors Aim: This thesis sets out to find out wheher the active elderly people follow guidance of general recommnedations for the excercise regimen designed for them. I'm trying to find out whether the frequency of excercise changes through positive biosocial variables. Secondary goals of the research are monitoring the activity preferences and the level of health condition of the elderly. The last secondary goal of the research is measuring the condition of their muscular apparatus with the help of a hand grip (hand squeezing test), that reflects to a great degree the physical ability of a person. Methods: In this thesis specialist publications were researched, content analysis of a survey was perfomed and a comparison of found results has been carried out. Results: The results for fulfilling the recommended excercise regimen by the active elderly population have been confirmed. The effect of some positive biosocial variables has been confirmed, albeit not all of them. We found out what excercise activities are preferred by our elderly and the test for their muscular strenght was performed to find that the elderly people, visiting fitness centers regularly are stronger than the rest of elderly population. Keywords: age, elderly, seniority, excercise activity,...
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Stimulation of strength abilities by short home exercise for women at the age of 50-65 years.
Jokeš, Jakub ; Hráský, Pavel (advisor) ; Bunc, Václav (referee)
Title: Stimulation of strength abilities by short home exercise for women at the age of 50-65 years. Objectives: The objective of this work is to provide information about the influence of the short home exercise on muscle strength by a case study. Methods: Individually designed intervention program is based on the objective of this work and on a diagnosis of musculoskeletal system/locomotor system. Strength of the subject was measured through fourteen different strength tests by the isokinetic dynamometer. Subject's body composition was also measured by the bioimpedance method. Key words: muscle strength, Sarcopenia, age
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Active senior lifestyle
Dušková, Iveta ; Bunc, Václav (advisor) ; Horčic, Josef (referee)
Subject: Active senior lifestyle Author's name: Bc. Iveta Dušková Supervizor: profesor Ing. Václav Bunc CSc. Objective: To verify whether biological age of tested seniors is in line with their calendar age. The differnce towards calendar age will be evaluated via ECM/BCM ration based on body content analysis. I will investigate the influence of physical activity on slower ageing physiology and the effect of physical activity on status of net muscle mass and on frequency of civilazation diseases. The goal is to figure out if active lifestyle is available also for seniors. Methods: The core of the work is qualitative and quantitative survey mapping antropometric parameters by bioimpedancy method. The functional values were collected by motorical step est and by handgrip. Further the subjective quality life judgment interview with yes/no options was used for the target senior group. Results: The relationship was found for the bioimpedancy results and the the volume of physical weekly activity (in hours) and level of BMI and pecentage of body fat. Further the realtionship was found for physical activity volume and for the dynamometric and motorical test results. Thjere is a difference between men and women. There was no relationship found for ECM/BCM coefficient and physical activity volume. The type...
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