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The effect of nutritional intervention on weight development, development of body composition and dietary changes in obese patients
Lahodová, Klára ; Sadílková, Aneta (advisor) ; Souza Lopes, Kristýna (referee)
Introduction: Despite modern methods of obesity treatment, such as pharmacotherapy and bariatric surgery, lifestyle intervention remains a key element of therapy. Changing exercise and dietary habits leading to a negative energy balance is a prerequisite for weight reduction. Undoubtedly, this is a long-term process in which the patient needs the professional supervision of a multidisciplinary team of healthcare professionals. Dietitians provide the obese patient with individualized dietary recommendations with regard to his or her health and current living conditions. Thus, regular nutritional intervention can contribute to a higher success of the reduction regime. Objectives: The aim of this theses is to find out what effect nutritional intervention has on the development of body weight, body composition and dietary regime in a cohort of obese patients who consulted with a dietitian during 6 months. To compare changes in body weight, a control group of obesity outpatients who were under the care of a physician only and had not attended any consultation with a dietitian or had attended at most one nutritional consultation was selected. Methodology: Data collection took place on III. Department of Internal Medicine, Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, 1st Faculty of Medicine, Charles...
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Specifics of diet in patients with chronic kidney disease
Holakovská, Lucie ; Vachek, Jan (advisor) ; Oulehle, Kateřina (referee)
Approximately 10 % of local population is affected by chronic kidney disease. CKD is not only a major health issue but it does have socio-economic impact on society. Early diagnosis and adequate therapy helps to delay the necessity of dialysis treatment, leads to a better quality of life of patients and can lower the economic costs of the therapy. Adequate therapy and regime intervention may positively influence wide range of risk factors of CKD progression. Patients with CKD have to comply with strict dietary restrictions including reduction of proteins. When starting dialysis, proteins intake increase is necessary, because of amino acids dialysate losses. Registered dietitian (RD) aims to maintain an optimal nutritional status of the patients and to minimize complications of CKD. Patients should be educated about nutrition principles during predialysis and diet changes after initiation of dialysis treatment. This bachelor thesis aims to establish an awareness of the dialyzed patients about nutrition measures. Questionary survey was used in set of 86 patients treated on dialysis in Klatovská nemocnice. Results are presented in the form of graphs. Results of the survey says, only 19 % of patients were educated by RD and 52 % of respondents were not informed at all about the need of increased...
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The Dietary System in Hospitals in the Czech Republic: Reality and Objective Needs
Pokorná, Daniela ; Kohout, Pavel (advisor) ; Humlová, Renata (referee)
Author: Pokorná Daniela Institution: Univerzita Karlova v Praze, 1. lékařská fakulta Title: The Dietary System in Hostitals in the Czech Republic: Reality and Objective Needs Tutor: Doc.MUDr.PavelKohout,PhD. Numberofpages: 88 Numberofsupplements: 6 Year: 2011 Keywords: diet, dietary system, dietology, dietotherapy, nutritional therapist, reality, objective needs This paper deals with the dietary system in the facilities in the Czech Republic, particularly in hospitals, with the focus on reality and objective needs. It is divided into two parts - theoretical and research part. The theoretical part explains the terms such as dietology, diet, nutritional therapist, and subsequently the history, present state and possible future of the dietary system in the Czech Republic. In the research part, the reality and objective needs in the given field are explored. The focus is on objective conclusions of the research exploration as well as on initiatives and comments from professionals in the particular facilities. Three hypotheses were set and subsequently examined. The above data was obtained from facilities such as hospital, spas and health resorts, and senior homes. The research was basic and quantitative in nature; data- collecting was done using a questionnaire. Basing on ideas and comments from the...
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Nutritional Consultancy within the Framework of Crafts
Šimončičová, Renáta ; Prošková, Eva (advisor) ; Pírková, Vendula (referee)
Introduction: Bachelor thesis is focused on nutritional consultancy within the framework of crafts and its providing. Further subject is exploration of patients/clients satisfaction with nutritional consultancy. Object: Bachelor thesis target is to familiarize readers with forms of providing nutritional consultancy and regulations in this activity. Practical part is focused on exploration of patients/clients satisfaction with nutritional consultancy and comparison between consultancy provided by dieticians and nutrition counsellors. Methods: Research was in form of anonymous on-line questionnaire. Obtained data is displayed in form of graphs. One thesis part is devoted to data analysis. Results: Theoretical part clearly point to the fact that current legislation regulating activity of nutritional consultancy is not adjusted correctly. As emerged from the questionnaire most of respondents are partly satisfied with process of nutrition research. Greater proportion of respondents mentioned larger satisfaction with work of dieticians compared with nutritional counsellors. Conclusion: Nutritional consultancy within the framework of crafts is important area in health care. Due to the fact that activities of nutrition counsellors/dieticians have impact on overall human health rules who and under what...
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The role of nutritional therapist in education of patients with type 2 diabetes
Erban, David ; Škrha, Jan (advisor) ; Krátký, Jan (referee)
Aim of thesis: The research aimed to evaluate the importance of individual education by a clinical dietitian and compare it to information brochures only. Methods: 52 patients with type 2 diabetes from the Third Department of Internal Medicine of the General Hospital in Prague were selected for the research. Totally, 48 of them finished the research. These patients were divided into two groups. Group A was educated individually by a clinical dietitian. This group consisted of 27 patients, of which 13 were men and 14 were women. Group B was educated using a brochure only. This group consisted of 21 patients, of which 11 were men and 10 were women. Both groups were given the questionnaire before the education and then 4 months after the education. Additionally, glycated haemoglobin was measured in patients before the education and then 4 months after the education, during the next visit to their diabetologist. Results: In both groups, some improvement was observed after the education. Either in knowledge or their levels of glycated haemoglobin. In group A, the education had better cognitive results in all questions of the questionnaire except for one. Levels of glycated haemoglobin decreased by 9,4 in men and by 4,8 mmol/mol in women in group A. In group B, education did not affect the knowledge of...
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Contemporary nutritional recommendations and their compliance by nutritional therapists
Zapletalová, Martina ; Hubáček, Jaroslav (advisor) ; Pejšová, Hana (referee)
This work is focused on Czech and world nutritional recommendations and the profession of nutritional therapist. The aim of the work is to analyze the eating habits of nutrition therapists as nutrition experts. The work is divided into chapters, within which a comparative analysis of both nutritional recommendations and all levels of the profession of nutritional therapist is performed. The analysis of identical and different points was performed on the basis of the study of documents and their comparisons. The first part of the thesis deals with the issue of nutritional recommendations, their importance, forms and methods of creation. The following is a list of current recommendations valid in Europe and in the Czech Republic. These recommendations are then compared. Furthermore, attention is paid to the profession of nutritional therapist, its legislative anchoring and competencies. As this profession has several levels, they are compared with each other and the differences are emphasized. Subsequently, the individual activities of a nutritional therapist are explained and practical examples are presented. Last but not least, an analysis of the eating habits of the addressed nutritional therapists is prepared and compared with the current nutritional recommendations valid in the Czech Republic....
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Organization of nutrition care in homes for the elderly
Konopická, Olga ; Novák, František (advisor) ; Meisnerová, Eva (referee)
This thesis deals with the organization of nutrition care in homes for the elderly. The thesis itself is divided into two parts, theoretical and practical. The theoretical part focuses on social services, age and changes connected with it, nutrition of the elderly, evaluation of nutritional status and accreditation of nutritional care. In the last part of the theoretical part I deal with the international project NutritionDay worldwide. NDay's vision is to minimize malnutrition in institutional care patients through the systematic collection and analysis of nutritional status data in healthcare facilities around the world. The aim of the practical part of this thesis is to describe the organization of nutritional care in individual facilities and find out the nutritional status of clients in individual facilities by participating in the project nutritionDay worldwide 2018 (nDay) and comparing it with other facilities in the world. A partial objective was to find out the awareness of employees in the nursing section about the organization of nutritional care in their institution and also to obtain more detailed information about nutritional care in individual institutions. To the project nDay held on 15. 11. 2018 were involved three facilities, which I have labeled 1, 2 and 3 for the sake of...
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Employers' role in Chronic Diseases Prevention
Kollerová, Martina ; Lipšová, Vladimíra (advisor) ; Kožená, Ludmila (referee)
The objective of this thesis is to define the role of employers in the prevention of chronic non-communicable diseases, more precisely to explore the existing effective opportunities for the prevention of chronic non-communicable diseases that employers can provide at workplace. Consequently, find out the attitudes of employers in the Czech Republic to these prevention interventions possibilities in comparison with the attitudes of employees. Finally, demonstrate the effectiveness of the selected prevention tool in a case study of one employer. The theoretical part of the thesis defines the main non-communicable diseases, their prevalence and incidence on a global scale and in the Czech Republic. The main risk factors of these diseases are described with an emphasis on modifiable behavioural risk factors. The review of the latest studies summarizes the evidence-based information on the impact of key behavioural lifestyle factors in the prevention of chronic non-communicable diseases. The possibilities to reduce risk factors of non-communicable diseases by employers are discussed in the analysis of available up-to-date scientific literature. The aim of the analysis was to identify and clearly define the key areas of employers' interventions and find out to what extent the employers in the Czech...
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Professional preparedness of students in the fields of nutrition assistant (SOŠZ) Qualified dietician (VOŠZ) and Dietitian (VŠ).
ŠTROBLOVÁ, Petra
The aim of the bachelor thesis: The professional preparedness of students in the fields of Nutrition Assistant (SOŠZ), Diplomed Nutrition Therapist (VOŠZ), Nutrition Therapist (VŠ) focuses on differences in education in the last years of study in the fields of Nutrition Assistant (SOŠZ), Diplomed nutritional therapist (VOŠZ), Nutritional therapist (University), using a didactic test. The theoretical part of the thesis is focused on education in the above mentioned fields and their comparison. The theoretical part presents the basic characteristics of the fields, the course of study and the subsequent application in future job. The practical part presents the results of the research, which took part in the last study year of the above mentioned fields. The research method used was a didactic test, which was distributed to the students. Didactic test was composed of three parts (a total of thirty questions). The results were processed in "MSExcel".
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Nutrition in thermic injury
Zemanová, Markéta ; Zajíček, Robert (advisor) ; Novák, František (referee)
Výživa u termických úrazů [Nutrition in Thermic Injury]. Bc. ZEMANOVÁ, Markéta, DiS. Praha, 2017. Počet stránek 84, 2. Diplomová práce (Mgr.) Univerzita Karlova, 1.lékařská fakulta Obor: Nutriční specialista Vedoucí práce MUDr. Robert Zajíček, Ph.d Abstract Aim of the thesis is summarizing current knowledge about clinical nutrition of patients with severe thermal injuries. Special emphasis is given to specifics of pediatric patients, who in many aspects react differently. The introduction focuses on history of burn medicine including nutrition, classification of burn injuries, prehospital care and role of individual members of the therapeutical multidisciplinary team logically centring on role of the dietitian. Extreme hypermetabolism, persisting a year or longer after the insult, influences nutritional recommendations including energy, macronutrients (protein, fats and carbohydrates) and micronutrients (minerals, vitamins and trace elements). Mode of administration is influenced as well. Specific facts are shown how these characteristics are reflected in daily dietetic therapy at the Clinic of Burn Medicine of the Prague Vinohrady Faculty Hospital (FNKV). In the investigative part we compare two groups of adult patients with extensive burn injuries. Inclusion criteria were age of 18-65 years, extent of...
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