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Pupils' problem solving strategies at lower and upper secondary level
Hoffmann, Jan ; Novotná, Jarmila (advisor) ; Mošna, František (referee)
This thesis Pupils' problem solving strategies at lower and upper secondary level brings a focus on the issue outlined by the name. At the same time, it focuses on pupils' strategies to solve problems that are closely related to information literacy. At first I define basic terms for the area of word problems. Consecutively I focus on the theoretical knowledge from the area of problem solving strategies themselves. The content of the experimental part of the thesis is the survey of pupils' solutions of eight selected tasks, by which I was looking for an answer of the three basic questions of this thesis. My experiment is divided into two branches. The first branch of the experiment took place at the lower level of the multi-year grammar schools. The second branch of the experiment took place at the higher grade of the multi-year grammar schools and, to a small extent, at the secondary school. The theoretical part contains views of various authors on issue of problems and word problems. I present and compare these individual approaches. The result is the demarcation of the terms needed for the experimental part of the work. The main aim of the experimental part of the thesis is to find the answers of three basic questions of this thesis, where I was using data from lower and higher grades of...
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Mistake in civil law
Havlín, Tomáš ; Dvořák, Jan (advisor) ; Elischer, David (referee)
(Mistake in civil law) The submitted diploma thesis deals with the problematic of mistake in civil law as a form of vitiated consent. Pivotal provisions are present in § 583-585 of the act No. 89/2012 Coll., civil law. In the introduction of the thesis we can find general issues of legal action, with more detailed description of will, its characteristics, manifestation of the will and their relation to each other, as these essentials of legal actions are instrumental for the purpose of this thesis. Next chapter focuses on the main issue, mistake as it defines it in two separate ways, that is discrepancy between the genuine will of the acting person and manifestation of the will, secondly as a defect of the will. Main focus of the thesis lies within the latter case, discrepancy between genuine will of the acting person is only mentioned briefly. Afterwards the thesis focuses on different types of mistake as corresponding to the provisions in the act No. 89/2012 Coll., civil law. Special focus is put on the term decisive circumstance, necessity of participation of other party and excusable mistake, as well as extract about the mistake induced by deception. Following chapter is centred around subsidiary circumstance and how to distinguish it from a decisive one. Afterwards the thesis mentions other...
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Language mistakes in formal e-mail communication in French and their impact on the achievement of the communication goal
Baštová, Tereza ; Nádvorníková, Olga (advisor) ; Mudrochová, Radka (referee)
v anglickém jazyce The aim of this thesis is to analyze language problems in the uncorrected written speech of French native speakers. Examined snippets come from electronic communication between clients and the service provider. The thesis is divided into two parts. The first, theoretical part is focused on defining the term "error", classifying language problems by levels and pragmatic aspects of e-mail communication. The second part of the thesis is divided into two chapters. The first chapter is devoted to the analysis of language problems in the context of individual texts and the assessment of their importance for achieving the communication goal. This analysis is carried out on the basis of the criteria from the theoretical part. The second chapter will be devoted to a questionnaire on this issue between native speakers and their reactions. At the end of the paper, we summarize the results. KEY WORDS: French, mistake, spelling, email communication, pragmatics
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Cracking nuts or comparison of Franz Kafka's novel "The Castle" with Czech translations
Pochmanová, Ilona ; Haupenthal, Thomas Maria (advisor) ; Broukalová, Jindra (referee)
The dissertation is be concerned with the comparison of two Czech translations of novel "The Castle" by Franz Kafka from the linguistic viewpoint. The dissertation compares text translation by Vladimír Kafka of 1969 and Jana Zoubková of 2014. The dissertation focuses on the methodes of translation, demands, that are placed on a literary translations. The dissertation focuses on a lifetime period of translations and their critism and last but not least, some problems of modern text translation. After closer exploration and analyses of problems of translation our dissertation will evaluate the strengths and weakness of both our translations. Key words: Translation, language, interpretation, mistake, method, critism, equivalent, idiom
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Number Line and its Understanding by Primary School Pupils
Špačková, Klára ; Vondrová, Naďa (advisor) ; Kvasz, Ladislav (referee)
This diploma thesis deals with the number line as a tool to improve pupil's understanding of various mathematical concepts, structures, properties and algorithms. The aim of the thesis is to determine how are lower secondary pupils able to use the number line and to connect findings with the content of their textbooks. The thesis consists of a theoretical and a practical part. The theoretical part introduces the topic of number line, deals with the problems used for testing in the Czech Republic and presents several researches on this topic. The theoretical part, together with the analysis of current state of the number line usage in teaching, serves as a basis for an experimental investigation that is covered in the practical part. After a pilot testing with 19 pupils, the main testing was conducted in 7 classes of two Prague primary schools. The total of 156 pupils participated in the main testing and 8 of the pupils were later interviewed about their tests. The results are presented in the practical part. It turned out that there is a correspondence between textbook content and pupils' errors while working with number line and that pupils struggle with representing of fractions on the number line. In the conclusion some recommendation for teachers were put forward concerning the usage of the...
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Mistake in civil law
Altmanová, Lucie ; Dvořák, Jan (advisor) ; Elischer, David (referee)
The aim of the thesis is to point out difficulties in interpretation of the civil code provisions (the act No. 89/2012 Coll.) regulating mistake as a form of vitiated consent and outline solutions to them on the basis of appropriate interpretation methods. The thesis applies to the legislation of mistake in relation to contracts in general as provided in the civil code, s. 583 - 585 and analyzes the legal consequences made by mistake. The keyword - mistake - is defined in the text in two ways - firstly as discrepancy between the genuine will of the acting person and manifestation of the will, secondly as a defect of the will. The study is primarily focused on the latter case. The text analyzes thoroughly conditions which must be satisfied so that so-called substantial mistake affects legal consequences. These conditions include determining circumstance, mistake caused by the second party and excusability of mistake. A separated chapter is devoted to mistake caused by fraud which is a special type of mistake because of its graveness, and therefore the act provides requirements which are different from those leading to the substantial mistake. The next chapter focuses on mistake caused by the third person. At the end of the work, legal consequences of mistake are illustrated - the right to avoid a...
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The hidden truth of Historia Ecclesiastica written by Eusebius of Caesarea
Brychtová, Petra ; Lášek, Jan Blahoslav (advisor) ; Veverková, Kamila (referee)
Diplomová práce zkoumá jednotlivé kapitoly knihy Církevní Dějiny napsané Eusebiem Cézarejským, jež je označován jako "otec církevních dějin", přesto kniha obsahuje velké množství nejasností, rozporů, nepřesností a její celkový obsah vyznívá jako snaha o apologii raděj nežli seriózní historické dílo. V diplomové práci vycházím z velkého množství pramenných zdrojů od respektovaných učenců v oblasti teologie rané církve a historie. Cílem práce je důkladně prozkoumat jednotlivé kapitoly, které vykazují největší množství problematických částí stejně tak jako závěr, zda Eusebius se pokoušel cíleně "ohnout" pravdu ve své upřímné víře či zda jeho cílem bylo sepsat obranu křesťanství, která se pouze tváří jako seriózní historické dílo. Annotation The master thesis focus on a particular chapter of Historia Ecclesiastica written by Eusebius of Caesarea, who is renowned as "father of church history" although the book contains a number of serious mistakes, interpolations, discrepancies and exaggerations. In its complexity could be perceived as an apologetic writing rather than historical writing. I used a great amount of sources by respected scholars in my master thesis while its aim is research of particular chapters which demonstrate the most controversies. In the conclusion I expect the biggest challenge will...
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Ways and strategies of 10-12 years old pupils when solving selected type of word problems
Strnádková, Ivana ; Jirotková, Darina (advisor) ; Hejný, Milan (referee)
Title: Ways and strategies of 10-12 years old pupils when solving selected type of word problems Abstract This Diploma thesis is focused on word problems that, to some extent, make pupils troubles with their solution. In the first theoretical part there are word problems that the work deals with. These are word problems with ant signal, dynamic, complementary, graphic and their characteristics. The next section is about the strategy of solving word problems and work with mistakes. The second part is focused on experiment of all types of word problems that are described in the theoretical part. This experiment is analysed according to strategies of pupils' and teachers' solutions. Those strategies are later described and commented in detail. Key words word problem, solving strategy, mistake, source of mistake, grasping of word problem
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Error in the point of view of the French as a second foreign language in the lower secondary school context
Klinka, Tomáš ; Fenclová, Marie (advisor) ; Kovářová, Dominika (referee) ; Váňová, Miroslava (referee)
Title: Error in the point of view of the French as a second foreign language in the lower secondary school context Author: Mgr. Tomáš Klinka Department: Department of Pedagogy Supervisor: Doc. PhDr. Marie Fenclová, CSc. Abstract: This thesis focuses on the subject of error in the context of Czech lower secondary school and second foreign language (L3) instruction. This work has three purposes: first, to complete the basic literature in this domain using the publications issued from the French speaking world of educational research that are not quoted in the Czech academic field. Second, to analyze how the elements that intervene in the pedagogical process treat the question of error, and third, using the conclusions obtained, to make explicit the problems which pose the present treatment of the question of error and to indicate the direction of a future research in this domain. So as to attain the first goal, we propose and comment the work of some French specialists in the field of educational science and their conclusions, mainly the typology of errors created by Astolfi. As for the second goal, our thesis provides an analysis of the official regulations concerning teaching and learning in the Czech Republic, exposes the mental representations of error with which both students and teachers...
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