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Level of Understanding of Basics of Genetics and Molecular Biology by Students of Secondary Education
Machová, Markéta ; Ehler, Edvard (advisor) ; Zrzavá, Magda (referee) ; Králík, Miroslav (referee)
Genetics has been part of secondary education for decades. However, research on the outcomes of science education has long shown that pupils have various types of misconceptions and are not able to deeply understand the basic principles of heredity and genetics. This results in their inability to navigate in daily-life problems related to this topic and make informed decisions in their life. Deeper diagnostics of these problems as well as identification of their origin is still missing both abroad and in the Czech Republic, which unable to design effective steps leading to improvement of educational outcomes. Several analyses were conducted to describe the current state of genetics education at lower and upper secondary level in the Czech Republic from the perspective of the curriculum, textbooks, students understanding of the topic, conduction of the lessons and its impact on the students. Questionnaire was used as a main research tool. The questionnaire for pupils combined knowledge test and attitude items, while the questionnaire for teachers was used to reveal their approach and attitudes towards genetics lessons and teaching conditions of their school. Content analysis was used to analyse relevant documents affecting education (curricula and textbooks). The results pointed to problems at...
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Electricity and magnetism: Hands-on minds-on approach
Koudelková, Věra ; Dvořák, Leoš (advisor)
Title: Electricity and magnetism: Hands-on minds-on approach Author: Věra Koudelková Department: Department of Physics Education Supervisor: Doc. RNDr. Leoš Dvořák, CSc., KDF Abstract: The PhD. thesis is focused on high school students' understanding of electricity and magnetism and on experiments which can help students to develop this understanding. The thesis can be divided into two parts: In the first research part typical misconceptions of high school students in the area of electricity and magnetism are described, both misconceptions known from foreign literature and results of Czech Conceptual Test of Electricity and Magnetism. This test is based on the known Conceptual Survey of Electricity and Magnetism, but unlike it and other conceptual tests in electricity and magnetism this new Czech test is intended for high school students. The second part of the thesis is developmental. It contains methodical materials, lab works and experiments which partly arise from the discovered misconceptions. In this part of the work four learning sequences (we chose topics, which were identified as problematic for students), four laboratory works and 13 experiments are described. Prepared materials were verified during instructions in high school and during conferences for physics teachers. Experiences with them are...
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The analysis of the textbooks and the creating of the learning texts about the thematic unit of carbohydrates and their metabolism for the gymnasial grammar schools
Šmídl, Milan
The main parameters describing content and the accessibility of information from textbooks are many aspects such as text difficulty and others. Individual characteristics of pupils - that are represented by chosen student preconceptions and misconceptions - also belong to key factors. The providing of the comprehensive view of the issues regarding analysis and the linking of acquired pieces of knowledge with the practical textbook creation have been the main aims of this dissertation. The creation of an instructional text follows the analysis results of the topic carbohydrates and their metabolism in chosen textbooks and the preconception analysis of biochemical terms. The instructional text respects the results of the analysis. The theoretical background of textbook creation (the functions of textbooks, their structure, content, characteristics and investigated parameters) has been described in detail in the theoretical part of this doctoral thesis. It is followed by the survey of the information concerning student preconceptions and the possibilities for their analysis and use in teaching. The aspects of textbooks use from the perspective of pupils, teachers and publishers, as well as the relation of the topic carbohydrates and their metabolism to curriculum documents have been described in the...
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Evidence concerning pupils'preconceptions of intellectual disability in the context of the paradigm shift in today's education
Pivarč, Jakub
This dissertation thesis is designed as a theoretical and research survey focusing on the currently marginalised issue of intact pupils' preconceptions of intellectual disability. The survey aims to outline the concept of intellectual disability concisely and to accentuate the current paradigm shift in education with regards to integration and inclusion. Particular attention was paid to the theoretical and epistemological basis of preconceptions as well as to the current state of scientific knowledge of the presented area. Research was conducted in order to analyse and characterise intact pupils' preconceptions of intellectual disability. Furthermore, the empirical study aimed to determine whether pupils' preconceptions differ depending on their gender, year of school attended and the declared experience of persons with intellectual disability. A transversal quantitative survey was conducted at 22 mainstream basic schools in the Czech Republic. The research sample consisted of 2230 intact pupils attending the 5th , 7th and 9th forms of basic schools. Data were collected by means of mind mapping and non-standardised questionnaire of our own construction. The findings demonstrate that pupils perceive the phenomenon of intellectual disability in terms of medical paradigm (emphasising the...
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The New Approaches to Teaching of Rudimentes of Quantum Physics
Králík, Jiří
J. Králík: The New Approaches to Teaching of Rudiments of Quantum Physics Abstract: This thesis is dealing with didactics of quantum theory and its modern trends. It contains a brief overview of problems in quantum physics education and many references to important sources in the field. Part of the thesis is focused on identification of some sources potential misunderstandings in the process of teaching and learning of quantum theory (misconceptions). The next part is devoted to a problem with visualization in microworld and after that I dealing with Feynman's approach to quantum theory, its advantages and disadvantages and I enumerate some pedagogical projets that continues in that direction. In another part I treat to my proposal for using quantum field theory terminology in introductory modern physics courses. The last chapter of the thesis is dealing with my project "The Road under Perception", which is intended as a teaching text about (modern) physics for non-experts. The thesis also contains appendix with excerpt of my article about history of microworld's origins cognition.
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Preconceptions and Misconceptions in Probability Education at 2nd Stage of Elementary Schools
Jaroušová, Kateřina ; Jančařík, Antonín (advisor) ; Tůmová, Veronika (referee)
Aim of the study is to focus on pupils' perceive of challenging probability problems within the second stage of primary school (age 12-15), especially aimed at pupils' mental blocks in intuitive and false beliefs or conjectures on the probability of events. The theoretical part of the thesis defines basic terms correlated with propedeutics of probability. The practical part of the work pursues intuitive solving of the challenging probability problems, especially of the Monty Hall problem. In the thesis research will be applied: the questionnaire method, tasks including probability problems, (group) work observation and examination of reasoning behind the probability problems followed by interviews with pupils focused on probability misconception phenomena. Findings of this study will be based on collected data analytics and a résumé of pupils' preconceptions about the field of probability and their ability to accept reeducation to their own-made misconceptions. KEYWORDS: Preconceptions, Misconceptions, Probability, Intuitive Ideas, Primary school
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Art expression as a means of determining the knowledge of selected subject in pupils of primary school
KAVKOVÁ, Šárka
This diploma thesis deals with the analysis of knowledge and ideas of pupils how they understand human organ systems. Knowledge is verified based on spontaneous production of children's drawings using a thematic didactic test. The thesis uses cross-sectional research involving a total of 118 pupils from the first to the fifth class of the primary school. For the research project, pupils were given a blank piece A4 sized paper and were asked to draw the organ systems in their body. Research tables have been created from a set of drawings and common characters. The results of the research show level of understanding of human organ systems in individual classes.
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Evidence concerning pupils'preconceptions of intellectual disability in the context of the paradigm shift in today's education
Pivarč, Jakub
This dissertation thesis is designed as a theoretical and research survey focusing on the currently marginalised issue of intact pupils' preconceptions of intellectual disability. The survey aims to outline the concept of intellectual disability concisely and to accentuate the current paradigm shift in education with regards to integration and inclusion. Particular attention was paid to the theoretical and epistemological basis of preconceptions as well as to the current state of scientific knowledge of the presented area. Research was conducted in order to analyse and characterise intact pupils' preconceptions of intellectual disability. Furthermore, the empirical study aimed to determine whether pupils' preconceptions differ depending on their gender, year of school attended and the declared experience of persons with intellectual disability. A transversal quantitative survey was conducted at 22 mainstream basic schools in the Czech Republic. The research sample consisted of 2230 intact pupils attending the 5th , 7th and 9th forms of basic schools. Data were collected by means of mind mapping and non-standardised questionnaire of our own construction. The findings demonstrate that pupils perceive the phenomenon of intellectual disability in terms of medical paradigm (emphasising the...
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Electricity and magnetism: Hands-on minds-on approach
Koudelková, Věra ; Dvořák, Leoš (advisor) ; Kireš, Marián (referee) ; Richterek, Lukáš (referee)
Title: Electricity and magnetism: Hands-on minds-on approach Author: Věra Koudelková Department: Department of Physics Education Supervisor: Doc. RNDr. Leoš Dvořák, CSc., KDF Abstract: The PhD. thesis is focused on high school students' understanding of electricity and magnetism and on experiments which can help students to develop this understanding. The thesis can be divided into two parts: In the first research part typical misconceptions of high school students in the area of electricity and magnetism are described, both misconceptions known from foreign literature and results of Czech Conceptual Test of Electricity and Magnetism. This test is based on the known Conceptual Survey of Electricity and Magnetism, but unlike it and other conceptual tests in electricity and magnetism this new Czech test is intended for high school students. The second part of the thesis is developmental. It contains methodical materials, lab works and experiments which partly arise from the discovered misconceptions. In this part of the work four learning sequences (we chose topics, which were identified as problematic for students), four laboratory works and 13 experiments are described. Prepared materials were verified during instructions in high school and during conferences for physics teachers. Experiences with them are...
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Students preconceptions about heat and temperature
Čečák, Michal ; Mandíková, Dana (advisor) ; Kácovský, Petr (referee)
This thesis deals with the preconceptions and misconceptions of students in the field of heat and temperature. Here is an overview of textbooks for elementary and secondary schools with topics concerning heat and temperature. This thesis contains a brief characteristic of notions preconceptions and misconceptions, characteristic of Active Learning methods and characteristic of Interactive Lecture Demonstrations. This thesis also contains research of Students preconceptions and misconceptions about heat and temperature (mainly students of grammar schools). For this research was used HTCE test. Results of the research are processed for all students and for students of each class. There are three worksheets (translated from English), which should help with removing misconceptions.
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