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Human dignity as the base of the physician-patient relationship
ŠVECOVÁ, Veronika
This bachelor thesis focuses on the human dignity issues, which is an integral aspect of successful treatment and good relationship between patient and doctor. The thesis outlines the historical development of ethical perception of the patient in relation to his physical, mental, social and spiritual needs of the contemporary transformations. An integral part of this development is the Christian spirituality with its charity care for the ill and destitute, which is one of the corner-stones of the European ethics. Current perceptions of human dignity is based on a comprehensive knowledge and understanding of man in his uniqueness. Method for the preparation of this work is the study of relevant literature, especially from the field of medical ethics.
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Ethical problems in perioperative care and their impact on patient safety
Wichsová, Jana ; Holmerová, Iva (advisor) ; Munzarová, Marta (referee) ; Fontánová, Anna (referee)
The dissertation examines the ethics of staff in perioperative care. The aim was to analyze the errors that occur during surgery, to determine the participants in perioperative care who commit these mistakes, and to analyze the reasons why these errors occur. The theoretical part deals with the concept of security from different perspectives of patient safety in surgery, and the international guidelines that direct it. The situation in the Czech Republic in terms of care for patient safety in surgery is also described. One chapter deals with the autor's internship in operating rooms in Sweden. Using the results of observations, the empirical part of the dissertation analyzes the actual behaviour of staff in perioperative care during surgery against the binding documents that ensure safe perioperative care. It also sets out the reasons that lead to non-compliance of health and safety regulations in perioperative theatres. In conclusion, I suggest steps that would help to improve the situation. Key words Perioperative care, safety, security, pacient pafety, medical ethics, nursing ethics
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Continuity of Hospices and Hospitals
Šottová, Barbora ; Dobiášová, Karolína (advisor) ; Háva, Petr (referee)
This work deals with continuity of inpatient hospices and hospitals in the Czech Republic. In this issue i examine the status of inpatient hospices in the health system and in the social system, reflecting the taboo of death in continuity of care and alternatives of education in palliative care. The work consists of three main parts. The first part involves determining the aims of the work, a description of research methods, theoretical and value foundations and definition of basic terms associated with hospice care. In the second part i focus on the reflection of current situation of hospices in the Czech Republic. Based on the analysis of documents i describe the funding and legislative basis for hospices. The third part is based on qualitative research. Using expert survey, i examined the views of professionals working in hospices. i also analyze the gained knowledge and divide it into individual topics. The key findings include that the interviewed experts evaluate the continuity of hospices and hospitals as affirmative. Capacity of hospices and funding are ceasing to be the main problems. However in the Czech Republic is absence of system of palliative care and the integration of palliative care into general medical disciplines.
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Fraud in clinical trials in terms of ethics and law
Jedličková, Anetta ; Haškovcová, Helena (advisor) ; Prudký, Libor (referee) ; Strnadová, Věra (referee)
The subject of my dissertation is fraud in clinical trials in terms of ethics and law. The aim of my research was to analyze the frequency of fraud in clinical trials of a given sample of data collected, identify the main fraudsters and to analyze the causes that led participants in clinical trials to commit fraud. In the theoretical part of my dissertation I defined the concepts of clinical trials, deception, ethical issues and the relevant legal framework. The practical part contains the results of the data analysis of the incidence and causes of fraud, the main actors of fraud and conception of recommendations, which appears to be essential for the prevention of fraud in clinical trials. The data analysis and participant observation show that during 107 GCP (Good Glinical Practice) audits conducted during the period of 2008-2013 in 22 countries, 14 revelations of fraud in clinical trials were identified, which represents 13.1 %. Most often fraud was committed by investigators, a total of 47.6 % of all observed groups of cheating clinical trial participants. The main causes that led investigators to commit fraud represent a lack of eligible patients, financial gain and personality traits. Based on the results obtained during my research I highlighted in the practical part of my dissertation the ethical...
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The topics of ethicin professional nurse behaviour in the care of psychiatric patients
Tošnarová, Hana ; Haškovcová, Helena (advisor) ; Tóthová, Valerie (referee) ; Soukupová, Tereza (referee)
5 Hana Tošnarová The topics of ethicin professional nurse behaviour in the care of psychiatric patients Abstract Presented dissertation theses are dedicated to the ethic aspects of the professional behaviour of nurses in their care of the mental patients. In the theroretical part are described thesis connected with the profession of psychiatric nurses, with the psychiatry as a medial branch, legislation in the psychiatry and with the questions of ethics in the connection of nursing. The practical part, that describes the qualitative research, is divided into two subsections and observing. The phenomenal study went through in the Mental home of Bohnice (Prague) and the output was the determination of defined notion "professional behaviour of a nurse in the care of mental patients in the scope of ethics". The second part of the observation was targeted on the access of the nurses to the mental patients in the special handpicked working places of the somatic medicine in Prague. The output of this research is a description of the behaviour style of nurses in the somatic working places in an interaction with mental patients. Keywords: ethics in nursery, ethics in psychiatry, ethics in medicíně, professional behaviour of a nurse, nursing, medical law
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Good Death and Euthanasia from Antiquity to 30th of 20th century
KRATOCHVÍLOVÁ HAVLOVÁ, Jitka
The thesis provides a comprehensive view of the "good death" and euthanasia from antiquity to the 1930s. It describes the attitudes of physicians and other scholars in different historical periods. The research is based on published sources and literature. The author examines the phenomenon in general, compares published sources and makes a comparison of the phenomenon from a historical perspective. The first part describes basic terminology related to the topic. Death and dying are viewed from the historical and ethical points of view. The second part describes the individual historical periods from antiquity to the 1930s in terms of social and cultural changes. The emphasis is placed on the opinions of philosophers, scholars and doctors about good death and euthanasia. The general view on death and euthanasia is even better illustrated by the medical care of a given period, the development of medical science and medicine. The thesis presents a theoretical base from which information for practical research of the phenomenon of death can be drawn. The examined phenomenon could be equally important and challenging for the present.
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Ethical issues of the predictive genetic diagnosis
ČAPKOVÁ, Jitka
This bachelor's thesis deals with ethical issues of the predictive genetic diagnosis. The goal of this thesis is to introduce ethical issues of the predictive genetic testing that is developing rapidly, and present possible questionable aspects that our society will have to deal with. This thesis is based on a hypothesis that the predictive testing must take place only within specialized genetic departments, on the basis of observing basic ethical and legal principles, to minimize moral dilemmas and maintain dignity of the human existence. The theoretic part focuses on introducing the issues of genetic testing. This thesis puts emphasis especially on ethical reflection of genetic testing issues such as genetic discrimination, genetic testing of children, and interpretation of the results of predictive genetic testing. Definition of the principle of human dignity as a moral basis of the predictive medicine, and analysis of selected documents, agreements, and programmes relating to human dignity and rights related to the field of genetic testing will be also included.
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Opinions of the students of the South Bohemia university about selected ethical problems of the health care
RAZIMOVÁ, Pavlína
This Bachelor thesis is focused on ethical issues in medicine, namely in communication between physician and patient, further on euthanasia, interruption and transplantation. This work is divided into two parts. The theoretical part introduces the theme of the thesis. It provides the basic information about ethics, about the relationship between physician and patient and their communication, about patient´s rights, about euthanasia, interruption and transplantation, too. The practical part reflects opinions of the students of the South Bohemia university in České Budějovice of these ethical matters. The analysis is based on quantitative research, which was performed by anonymous questionnaire in electronic form. The obtained data are processed in tabular and graphic forms.
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