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Computational modelling of heart contraction
Vaverka, Jiří ; Polzer, Stanislav (referee) ; Burša, Jiří (advisor)
This thesis aims to determine the impact of slowed myocardial conduction velocity and depressed myocyte contractility on the duration of isovolumic contraction time (ICT) of the left ventricle by carrying out simulations using finite element method. A 3D finite element model enabling to simulate both physiological and pathological states of myocardium was created. The model is based on simplified ellipsoidal geometry and accounts for anisotropic behavior of myocardium, its asynchronous contraction and variations in the arrangement of muscle fibers. Slowing of conduction velocity to a half of its physiological value resulted in prolongation of ICT by 27 %; slowing of shortening velocity of myocytes by the same percentage prolonged ICT by 73 %. It is therefore concluded that ICT can be much more prolonged due to depressed contractility than due to conduction slowing. The presented results give an idea of the extent to which ICT can be prolonged due to depressed contractility and conduction slowing and therefore can be useful in identifying the causes of decreased myocardial performance in heart disease.
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Cardiac resynchronization therapy - Evaluation of biosignals and quality assessment of devices
Lipnická, Soňa ; Maryšková, Věra (referee) ; Bernard, Vladan (advisor)
This bachelor's thesis is essentially devoted to the therapy of cardiac activity, pacemakers, to their types, application, indications, contraindications, and technical processing of devices. In this bachelor's thesis, there is also included description of biosignals, that are measured in dependence on these devices. All measurements and observations are necessary for proper monitoring of the patient's health condition. Another objective of this bachelor's thesis is to collect clinical data, that are statistically evaluated and then the results are compared with physiological values. In conclusion, this bachelor's thesis proves the importance of the use of pacemakers in today’s health service.
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Transportable ECG monitor
Vepřková, Hana ; Rozman, Jiří (referee) ; Chmelař, Milan (advisor)
The first two chapters are devoted to theoretical analysis of issues relating to portable EKG monitor. This chapters are aimed to further acquaint the reader with the issue for subsequent easier of understanding on further steps in the implementation of the device which will be contain in the following chapters. The first chapter is mainly a medical nature. We describe the anatomy and functional properties of the heart. In the next chapter we are deal with detail of electrocardiograph and the conditions for its proper function. Other chapters are devoted to the actual implementation of the facility. We are dealing with the issue of build functional portable EKG monitor. This practical part begins by fourth chapter, which consists block diagram of the device and discusses the required parameters. Next most extensive chapter is devoted to a detailed breakdown of the electrical circuit, including the calculation of the individual components. The last chapter describes the implementation and outcome measurements on test persons.
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Resuscitation and AED
Mrázek, Petr ; Kolářová, Jana (referee) ; Chmelař, Milan (advisor)
This thesis deals with the techniques of resuscitation as well as its history and advanced options. First aid is mentioned only marginally because it isn’t the main purpose of this study. Recommendations for resuscitation are changed every 5 years. Therefore the texts are primarily based on the recommendations of the Guidelines 2010. Other chapters and subchapters focus on the effects of electrical currents on human tissues and on the closely related topic of defibrillators. The automated external defibrillator (AED) is described in more detail due to the assignment of this thesis. It also includes a description of the defibrillation pulse generator and the teaching presentation which describes the AED resuscitation procedure.
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Analysis of the acute effect of cardiac resynchronization therapy on electrocardiogram
Holík, Jiří ; Vítek, Martin (referee) ; Pospíšil,, David (advisor)
This bachelor thesis deals with the non-pharmacological treatment of symptomatic heart failure, specifically cardiac resynchronization therapy. The introductory research develops the topic as a whole and prepares the author and the reader for the subsequent practical part. The latter focuses on the analysis of selected parameters that undergo acute change after pacemaker implantation. According to the instructions of the assignment, a functional pilot software for QRS complex detection, heart rate calculation and QRS complex dimensioning for some leads has been implemented. Furthermore, the heart rate variability in the frequency domain is analysed and the results are tabulated.
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Speckle Tracking Echocardiography
Strecha, Juraj ; Drahanský, Martin (referee) ; Mráček, Štěpán (advisor)
he thesis deals with proposal of an algorithm and implementation of a program that tracks a motion of the heart muscle in the captured ultrasound video of the heart. The point position estimation is calculated by optical flow method. The Active Shape Model method is used to confirm the accuracy of point's position tracking. The user annotates desired structure of the heart arch first and the application displays new points which represent a new deformed heart shape.
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Heart rate measurement system with wireless data transmission
Valenta, Jakub ; Arm, Jakub (referee) ; Michalík, David (advisor)
The presented Bachelor's thesis covers the topics of designing and manufacturing a device used for measurement of a car driver's pulse frequency. An electrocardiogram is used to measure cardiac activity. The measured data is sent wirelessly to a local server where it's stored in a prepared database. Correct function of the device is demonstrated through an experiment performed in the second part of the work.
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Measurement and analysis of cardiovascular parameters
Filipová, Petra ; Smital, Lukáš (referee) ; Kratochvíla, Jiří (advisor)
This bachelor´s thesis illustrates the basic diagnostic procedures for ECG analysis in clinical practice. It contains the verification of statistical hypotheses, automatic detection of the RR intervals using three different QRS detectors and heart rate from the ECG und other analyses in time and frequency domain. The validation of detection efficiency is investigated. Heart rate variability analyses are shown in time and frequency domain too. Analyses are done in Matlab, the graphical interface in Maltab GUIDE was done too and includes all of the created functions in time and frequency domain. For the purpose of evaluation methods the real data were measured according to the created acquisition protocol.
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Cardiotachometer
Čech, Jakub ; Sekora, Jiří (referee) ; Čech, Petr (advisor)
Master’s thesis deals with theme of heartbeats. Monitoring and evaluation of heartbeat is important for diagnostician cardiac dysfunction. First part of thesis is focused on anatomical description of heart and his operation. Another part is description of electrical activity of the heart and methods of capture. There is also mention of the cardiac rhythm and its disorders. One of the principal objective of this thesis is to study methods for sensing heart rate. These methods are analyzed and then selected a particular method for further solutions. The core thesis is to design functional cardiotachometer. Cardiotachometer derives the heart rate signal from phonocardiographical signal, which is acoustic manifestation of heart. Implementation takes place in the Labview, which is graphical programming environment. Suggested the device measures the current and average heart rate and the addition of HRV analysis in time domain.
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ECG measurement and processing in LabView
Veselý, Petr ; Kozumplík, Jiří (referee) ; Kolář, Radim (advisor)
The thesis, as its title shows, is focused on the ECG signal processing and the QRS complex detection. Its first part provides the anatomical description of the heart itself. Due to the irritation of the heart muscle, the atrium of the heart and the ventricles gradually contract and relax. In these stages, it is possible to measure a certain electric activity of the heart. This is called the ECG. The curve consists of several distinctive waves, the R wave being prevalent among them. Its parameters are predominant for describing the heart activity. Therefore, the next part of the thesis turns to the possibilities of its detection. The detection process is divided in two parts, the first of them being the pre-processing. Here, the signal is arranged in the right shape. This is followed by the detection, which describes the R wave occurrence. These operations use various filters and methods, as described in the following chapters. The output program, designed in the Labview programming environment, is based on the separation of the R wave from the ECG. This is subsequently compared to the threshold value. The values measured here are later used for the heart rate calculation and creating the geometrical description of the HRV
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