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Analysis of prevalence of vitamin D deficiency in adults
Nováková, Jana ; Zimčíková, Eva (advisor) ; Pokladníková, Jitka (referee)
ANALYSIS OF PREVALENCE OF VITAMIN D DEFICIENCY IN ADULTS Author: Jana Nováková Supervisor: PharmDr. Eva Zimčíková, PhD. INTRODUCTION Estimated vitamin D deficiency occurs in up to 1/3 of the population. Vitamin D deficiency occurs in a number of diseases and in different countries of the world. AIMS The aim of the theoretical part of the diploma thesis was to get acquainted with vitamin D and its deficit in general. The objective of the practical part was to map vitamin D levels in adults, to assess prevalence of vitamin D deficiency, to determine if vitamin D levels fluctuate over the course of the year depending on age or gender and how they are related to individual illnesses. METHODS PubMed and Embase database search was performed to find evidence on vitamin D deficiency in adults. Only studies in humans, published in English in the period from 2000 to 2016 were included. Non-systematic review was provided, the quality of the studies was not evaluated. RESULTS Overall, 84 studies were included. Most of the studies enrolled healthy adults (n = 34). Among the studies concerning various diseases, musculoskeletal disorders were the most prevalent (n = 13). The highest prevalence of vitamin D deficiency was seen in the study from USA (in healthy adults) using cut-off value for deficiency ≤ 50...
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The concept of "Schuldenbremse" as an instrument against indebtedness in the Federal Republic of Germany
Říhová, Dominika ; Mlsna, Petr (advisor) ; Kunštát, Miroslav (referee)
As a result of the rapidly rising debt in recent years, the Federal Republic of Germany has decided to stop this unfavourable trend. The approval and acceptance of the so-called debt brake (Schuldenbremse) into the Basic Law in 2009 was also supported by the fact that the amount of public debt significantly exceeded the defined limit by the convergence criteria. With the financial crisis and the associated debt crisis within the eurozone, it turned out that the rules set out in the Stability and Growth Pact are being handled by a few states, and therefore some states have, due to their irresponsible fiscal policy, faced serious problems which are characterized by the inability to repay their obligations. Consequently, austerity measures had to be taken and at the same time, other EU countries have been invited to adjust their public finances to contribute to the consolidation of Economic and Monetary Union. As a result, debt brakes or other measures were then embedded in national legislation to prevent further crises. The German debt brake is a set of seven constitutional laws, where the main assumption is the annual setting of balanced budgets, or balanced income and expenditure, both at federal and state level, in order to prevent new further indebtedness. It was stipulated that the state budget...
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Training in cognitive functions for adults with psychotic disorders
Kovaříková, Julie ; Dvořáková, Miroslava (advisor) ; Mühlpachr, Pavel (referee)
This work focuses on the training in cognitive functions for adults with psychotic disorders and it deals with this topic, also known as cognitive remediation therapy (CRT), within the framework of andragogy. The aim of this work is to examine the process of CRT for adults with psychotic disorders and the potential contributions for the participants. The first part presents the theoretical foundations related to psychotic disorders and the deficit of cognitive functions, as well as the particularities of CRT, such as different attitudes to the training, its didactic perspective and its effect. The empirical part surveys what contributions CRT had for the participants and whether it was effective. This part describes a qualitative inquiry using a data analysis based on interviews with participants in CRT for adults with psychotic disorders who underwent the training in the Green Doors facility, the Modré dveře therapeutic centre or the Psychiatric Centre Prague. The assessment of the empiric survey focuses on the recommendations that could help achieve better results in CRT and that could involve specialists from the field of adult education in the training. Keywords: training, cognitive functions, deficit, psychotic disorders, special andragog
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The deficiency of Vitamins in obese patients before intervention
Wood, Denisa ; Svačina, Štěpán (advisor) ; Piecha, Roman (referee)
This thesis is devoted to the vitamin deficiency in obese patients before bariatric surgery. The purpose of this study was a detection and evaluation of the deficient vitamins in obese patients before bariatric surgery. The monitored vitamins were vitamin A, E, D, B12 and folic acid. The theoretical part of this thesis describes the general definition, functions, the daily intake of the vitamins and the division of the vitamins. It pays attention to a biochemical metabolism and the physiological functions of the monitored vitamins. Listed are the etiological determinants of obesity. It describes the physiological regulation of body weight and highlights the current interventional procedures to treat obesity. The practical part describes the methodology of monitoring the levels of the selected vitamins and the subsequent evaluation of the results. Based on the findings of the specific deficits, the risks of these deficiencies were assessed. Dietary recommendations were assembled for the patients who are being prepared for bariatric surgery. The conclusion compares other studies dealing with similar issues.
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Impact of Structural Funds on municipalities: Empirical study on wastewater treatment and collection
Pumprlová, Magda ; Soudek, Jan (advisor) ; Skuhrovec, Jiří (referee)
This thesis analyzes the effect of Structural Funds from European Union on municipalities' financial results. It focuses on grants concerning waste water treatment's projects in the Czech Republic and the size of municipalities co-financing these grants. The aim is to determine the difference in financial results of municipalities using the grant and the others, followed by numeration of the difference by municipalities' own resources. To compare the municipalities, we use difference in differences approach. The OLS regression is used for estimate the effect of own resources. The results show that size of municipalities' co-financing, usually mentioned as 10%, is in fact in average 35%. There exists a large significant difference in financial results comparing pre- treatment and post-treatment period in municipalities building waste water treatment project financed from Structural Funds. It is also significantly determined by the amount of own resources. JEL Classification C21, H76, R51 Keywords Structural Funds, Operational Program Environment, waste water treatment, municipalities, deficit Author's e-mail pumprlova@centrum.cz Supervisor's e-mail honza.soudek@gmail.com
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Budgetary responsibility
Jarošová, Tereza ; Boháč, Radim (advisor) ; Marková, Hana (referee)
The aim of this thesis is to analyse a concept of budgetary responsibility. Taking into account current financial crisis, this topic becomes more and more important, because long term deficit financing has had negative effects on the economic situation. Thesis aims to analyse the situation from legal as well as economic prospective. The thesis also compares legal adjustments of budgetary legislation and legal facts regarding rules of budgetary responsibility in the Czech Republic and Spain. The biggest stress is put on the analysis of subsequent findings and evaluation, whether or not the establishment of rules of budgetary responsibility is neccessary, which form (constitutional or statutory) and which content would be the most beneficial. The first chapter is dedicated to definition of concept of budgetary responsibility and related notions such as state budget and public debt, including contemplation about most common causes and consequences of those phenomenons. Since legal and economic discipline is mutualy connected, I incorporated also explanation of economic theoretical approaches to a deficit financing. Second and third chapter focuse on description of legal regulation of general part of budgetary law in the Czech Republic as well as description of current bills of constitutional laws...
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Reaganomics
Sláma, David ; Kozák, Kryštof (advisor) ; Litera, Bohuslav (referee)
The paper focus on economic policies during the Ronald Reagan's era in the United States in the 80's. The first chapter is about president's opinions and his characteristics, which is important for a context. In the second chapter are described theoretical bases of Reaganomics - monetarism, supply side economic and racional expectations. In the fourth chapter are analyzed concrete arrangements of Reaganomics. It is focused on the tax decreases, deregulation, federal budgets, especially expenditures and deficits, the last issue is monetary policy. The fifth chapter contain the analysis of important economic indicators like GDP growth, unemployment and public debt. In the end of the paper there is the criticism of Reaganomisc from left and right side of political spectra.
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Evaluation of nominal and real convergence of the selected euro area countries and Czech republic
Gröhlingová, Kristýna ; Spiesová, Daniela (advisor) ; Petra, Petra (referee)
Study aims to evaluate the development of the Czech Republic in case of entry into the European Monetary Union. Due to the similarity of the Czech economy with neighboring Slovakia, it is the assessment carried out by means of economic development was the Slovak Republic after joining the European Monetary Union. They are evaluated by selected convergence criteria and the further development of some macroeconomic indicators of the country, which is subsequently compares with the development of the Czech Republic in the same period. The same glasses are compared and selected the Baltic states, which joined the European monetary union last. Subsequently, using deductive methods outlined the economic development of the Czech Republic for entry into the European Monetary Union. The last chapter is devoted to the criterion of exchange rate stability, it is pointed out to the strategy states, which have already become members of the European Monetary Union, and passed without major cost exchange-rate mechanism EMR II. In this chapter, the simulated process Czech Republic's entry into ERM II and learned from him the results.
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Analysis of public debt in the Czech Republic
Janda, Lukáš ; Žáková Kroupová, Zdeňka (advisor) ; Slaboch, Josef (referee)
Thesis focuses on the issue of public debt in the Czech Republic, which in recent years has become an increasingly hot topic. The main objective is to evaluate the development of public debt in the period 1993-2015.
In the work are primarily used data from the Ministry of Finance of the Czech Republic and the macroeconomic data of the Czech Statistical Office for the period 1993-2015. Data are primarily evaluated through dynamics and decomposition of the time series. To comparison countries were used pairing economic indicators.
The analysis showed that the debt of the Czech Republic in proportion to GDP amounts to 42.7%, which compared with France, Germany and Spain is not a high number, but should seek solutions on reducing the relative level of public debt, which would be carried out by predictions for the years 2018-2022 will soon be in excess of 2 trillion.
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