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Macroprudential regulation of the housing market
Petrouš, Michal ; Hlaváček, Michal (advisor) ; Moravcová, Michala (referee)
Housing market has a considerable impact on the macroeconomic stability. There is an attempt to regulate housing market using a set of macroprudential tools. The first aim of this thesis is to describe and compare macroprudential regulation aiming at the contract between lenders and borrowers in the European Union and Norway. The second aim is to assess the influence of central banks in macroprudential policy-making on the probability that these instruments are implemented. The probability is estimated using a probit model. The comparison shows that there are considerable differences in implemented regulation between individual countries and that countries with high proportion of foreign currency denominated loans use macroprudential measures to mitigate borrowing in foreign currencies. Using the data from the European union and Norway, statistically significant influence of central bank involvement was not identified. The effect of central bank became significant when using larger dataset including non-European countries. In this dataset, the leading role of central bank is associated with lower probability that instruments targeting borrowers are implemented.
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The Effectiveness of the Federal Reserve's Monetary Policy under the Zero Lower Bound
Petrásek, Lukáš ; Horváth, Roman (advisor) ; Šopov, Boril (referee)
This thesis investigates the effectiveness of Federal Reserve's monetary policy under the zero lower bound. It estimates the impacts on interest rates due to surprising components of macroeconomic news. To obtain those surprise components, data on the actual and expected announced values of those news are used. The results support the findings in existing literature that the shorter- term interest rates were constrained by the zero lower bound, but the longer- term interest rates remained unconstrained. The conclusion is that to the extend that the Fed is able to affect those longer-term yields, its monetary policy effectiveness was essentially unaffected by the presence of the zero lower bound. JEL Classification E43, E52, E58 Keywords monetary policy, zero lower bound, interest rates, macroeconomic news Author's e-mail lukas.petrasek1.1@gmail.com Supervisor's e-mail roman.horvath@fsv.cuni.cz
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A comparison of the regulation of activities of national banks of the Czech Republic and Slovakia in their supervision over financial markets
Chvojková, Šárka ; Kohajda, Michael (advisor) ; Kotáb, Petr (referee)
In the era of constant advancing of the globalization and quick development of the financial markets, the financial markets supervision is still the current topic. Lately, these tendencies have been significantly strengthened under the influence of ongoing world financial crisis. In the light of the crisis, which started as a "credit crisis", the topic of the financial markets supervision has become discussed in countries worldwide and also at the international level, because finding of an effective arrangement and supervision execution could substantially help to overcome the crisis. The main goal of this paper is the analysis and comparison of the legislation on the activities of the Czech and Slovak National Bank in the field of the execution of financial market supervision. The development of Czech and Slovak legislation is interesting as they both emerged from the same legal foundation, went through the phase of individual development and then they became closer again influenced by the European Union. The first two chapters of this thesis focus on the definition of basic terms used further in the thesis and then characteristics of the basic models of the supervision institutional organization. The second chapter deals with the subjects of the financial markets supervision and contains list of...
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Economic and legal position of the CNB in the environment of inflation and deflation
Husník, Karel ; Bažantová, Ilona (advisor) ; Dupáková, Lenka (referee)
Karel Husník: Economic and Legal Position of the Czech National Bank in the Environment of Inflation and Deflation The aim of this thesis is to analyse the position of the Czech National Bank (CNB) from the legal and economic point of view and to analyse the monetary policy instruments which the central bank can use efficiently in inflation targeting. The primary criterium is macroeconomic environment of inflation, respectively deflation. The thesis newly divides the monetary policy instruments on conventional and non-conventional. The thesis uses multidisciplinary approach, it combines economic and legal point of view. The methodology of this thesis is analysis, description in historical projection and comparation. The laws of the Czech Republic and the documents of CNB, which are available online, are used. Author also worked with data from the Czech Statistical Office and with various economic studies and papers. The first chapter of the thesis analyses position of independent Czech National Bank in its constitutional and lawful position. The Law of the Czech National Bank and the Constitution of the Czech Republic defines the purpose of the CNB and her relationship with other components of state power. The CNB's monetary policy objective is set forth in Article 98 of the Constitution of the...
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Comparison of legal status and activities of the Czech and Slovak central banks
Drobná, Tereza ; Bažantová, Ilona (advisor) ; Dupáková, Lenka (referee)
- Comparison of legal status and activities of the Czech and Slovak central banks This thesis describes and compares legal status and activities of two european banks, the National bank of Slovak republic (hereinafter "NBS"), which has became the member of euro area since 1. 1. 2009, and the Czech national bank (hereinafter "CNB"), which has not became the member of this monetary union. The aim of this thesis is to identify identical aspects and different elements in legal status of above mentioned banks and in activites they carry out. Hypothesis of this thesis says that CNB and NBS are very similar in the way of legal regulations but different in activities they carry out. Purpose is to verify this hypothesis and think about possible causes of these similarities and differences in legal status and activities of CNB and NBS. The first part of this thesis deals with the State bank of czechoslovakia which was form in 1950 and which operated in the area of ČSFR just before the establishment of two separate central banks, CNB and NBS. This part is focused on legal regulation which established the State bank of czechoslovakia and which has became an inspiration for these new rising central banks, CNB and NBS. The second part of this thesis targets on the constitutional and legal regulations of CNB and...
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Central Banks' Gold Holdings and Independence
Kamenská, Monika ; Havránek, Tomáš (advisor) ; Teplý, Petr (referee)
In this thesis, we aim to unveil potential relation between gold in the reserves of central banks and the independence of these institutions. As a reaction to several statements of central bank representatives, we assume that gold might be a determinant of central banks' independence. Following these statements, the key contribution of this thesis was defined: to verify these declarations and the general belief of gold's role within central banks' reserves in the relation to their independence, using empirical data. For that purpose, we examine panel data consisting of information from 145 countries between years 1970 and 2012. As for the control variables, economic variables such as GDP per capita, inflation, exchange rate regime, current account to GDP and broad money and political variables from the range of word governance indicators are employed. The regression results of basic model obtained by fixed effects estimation suggest that, indeed, there might be a significant effect of share of gold on the central bank independence index. However, as the results imply negative relation, we cannot confirm if the effect is real due to endogeneity problem. Moreover, the effect of gold reserves on the central bank independence was not confirmed when employing a different estimation technique -...
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The Effectiveness of the Federal Reserve's Monetary Policy under the Zero Lower Bound
Petrásek, Lukáš ; Horváth, Roman (advisor) ; Šopov, Boril (referee)
This thesis investigates the effectiveness of Federal Reserve's monetary policy under the zero lower bound. It estimates the impacts on interest rates due to surprising components of macroeconomic news. To obtain those surprise components, data on the actual and expected announced values of those news are used. The results support the findings in existing literature that the shorter- term interest rates were constrained by the zero lower bound, but the longer- term interest rates remained unconstrained. The conclusion is that to the extend that the Fed is able to affect those longer-term yields, its monetary policy effectiveness was essentially unaffected by the presence of the zero lower bound. JEL Classification E43, E52, E58 Keywords monetary policy, zero lower bound, interest rates, macroeconomic news Author's e-mail lukas.petrasek1.1@gmail.com Supervisor's e-mail roman.horvath@fsv.cuni.cz
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Independency of central banks
Pištej, Daniel ; Vejmělek, Jan (advisor) ; Šíma, Ondřej (referee)
Bachelor thesis focuses on the topic of central bank independence and its relation on inflation development. The main point of the thesis is description and formation of the coefficient of independence, its distribution on individual parts and subsequent examination of influence of the degree of independence on the course of inflation and the magnitude of the deviations of inflation from target inflation rate on the selected sample of countries. Further, the thesis focuses on the analysis of the independence of monetary policy according to the trilemma and its subsequent comparison with the coefficient of independence. It is assumed that higher levels of central bank independence will lead to more favorable inflation developments, smaller deviations from targeted inflation rate and long-term sustainability. At the same time, the coefficient of independence will very much resemble the independence of monetary policy.
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Monetary policy of the Czech National Bank
Kotačka, David ; Rajl, Jiří (advisor) ; Cibulka, Jakub (referee)
This bachelor thesis is divided into two major parts. The first part is focused on the general theory of monetary policy which includes tools, targets and transmission machanisms. The aim of this part is to summarize information about process of monetary policy and to provide information for better understanding of the practical part. This part is focused on foreign exchange interventions used by Czech National Bank who was making an effort to accomplish the goals determined by law. The practical part is divided into two minor parts. The first of them is focused on analysis of economic indicators before, during and after foreign exchange interventions. The second part is focused on the development of EUR to CZK exchange rate which was deviated from real exchange rate.
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The most significant phases of the monetary policy of the Czech National Bank
Krahulcová, Iveta ; Koderová, Jitka (advisor) ; Revenda, Zbyněk (referee)
The diploma thesis deals with the analysis of the most significant phases of the monetary policy of the Czech National Bank, including the analysis and evaluation of its effectiveness from its origin to the present. The thesis is divided into three individual parts. Each part corresponds to a specific transmission mechanism applied by the Czech National Bank while implementing the monetary policy. Each chapter includes the assessment of the effectiveness of individual approaches and the analysis of the impact of the monetary policy as well as the decision of the Czech National Bank on the Czech economy. The very first chapter is focused on the application of the monetary transmission mechanism in conditions of the fixed exchange rate during which an increasing internal as well as external disequilibrium led to the monetary crisis. The second chapter is dedicated to the transition to the inflation targeting, expert discussion concerning its implementation and the evaluation of the achieved results. The last chapter presents the use of the CNB's additional instrument of the monetary policy in the form of the exchange rate including the reasons that led to this step. The closing part of this chapter focuses on the evaluation of the effectiveness of this policy.
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