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Moral obligation as sociological fact and theoretical problem: a debate between Bergson and Kant
Palmea, King Reinier ; Ottmann, François (advisor) ; Serban, Claudia (referee)
This work aims to explicate the difference between Bergson and Kant's concept of obligation in light of Bergson's critique of Kant in his book Les Deux Sources de la Morale et Religion (The Two Sources of Morality and Religion). From what perspective does this critique and reading of Kant originate? I argue that it lies in their different approaches to morality. On one hand, Bergson views moral obligation as a sociological and anthropological fact. He applies an existential approach in his moral theory because the anthropological fact he engages with, namely the phenomenon of barbarism during the First World War, provides the framework for his typology of closed and open morality, and his critique of deontology. On the other hand, Kant considers morality as a theoretical problem; morality is a conceptual engagement-an investigation of the concepts that morality presupposes. Their divergent approaches underpin (1) the difference in their conception of freedom in relation to morality and (2) their conception of mysticism as a possible ground for morality. Keywords: obligation, reason, pressure, aspiration, morality, freedom, autonomy, moral creativity, mysticism
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The effect of the cash for care on the autonomy of adults with physical disabilities in parental care
Prager, Michal ; Hradcová, Dana (advisor) ; Synek, Michal (referee)
Through my work, I offer an insight into the lives of people with physical disabilities who depend on the help of another person. I reflect on their opportunities to live autonomously and what role care allowance plays in this. The Czech Republic has ratified the UN Convention on the Rights of Persons with Disabilities, which includes, among other things, the right to independent living. Through the stories of three people with physical disabilities, I show how this right can be fulfilled with the current system settings of the care allowance. How they can become independent of their parents. What other influences and actor-networks shape their reality and to what extent their life is autonomous in this reality. The care allowance is part of the Social Services Act, which itself greatly accentuates the individual approach. However, the care allowance does not reflect much on the individual needs of people reliant on the help of another person. In addition to this allowance, I also look at other actor-network - family relationships, technologies or accessibility of the environment. I explore how they interact with each other and how strong a role the care allowance plays in this interconnected network. If the current form of the allowance affects family relationships. Through critical social work, I...
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Idea of Self-Directed Learning from the Andragogical View
Yakubyak, Iryna ; Veteška, Jaroslav (advisor) ; Pavlov, Ivan (referee)
Diploma thesis focuses on the idea of self-directed learning from the perspective of andragogy. The main goal of this work is to characterize and describe self-directed learning among students at a selected pedagogical fakulty. The sececondary goal is to compare the process of self-directed learning from the perspective of students in the full-time and combined forms of study at the selected pedagogical fakulty. The work is divided into theoretical and empirical parts. The theorical part initially deals with the importance of lifelong learning and education, followed by an andragogical backgroud, whitch summarizes the basic andragogical concepts, the historical aspect of andragogy and didactics of adult education. An important subchapter of the teoretical part is Knowles' theory of adult education. The last and key chapter of the theoretical part deals with the historical and philosophical aspect of self- directed learning, defines the concept of self-directed learning, and outlines its challenges. Additionally, various models of self-directed learning and factors determining self-directed learning are presented. The empirical part is based on the basic knowledge of self-directed learning obtained from the theoretical part. A quantitative research design was chosen for this work, and semi-...
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I Am The One Who's Gonna Steal Your Job
Ilič, Risto ; Houser, Milan (referee) ; Mazanec, Martin (advisor)
The diploma thesis I Am The One Who's Gonna Steal Your Job deals with the transitional period in the life of a young artist who dreams of career realization in his field. He thinks about how to achieve this when he realizes that even a less established painters can often sell their paintings for thousands of czech crowns, because paintings can be easily commodified and, as a result, placed in the interior. He thus decides to leave his area of practice and tries to get into the market with traditional artistic media with the help of artificial intelligence and marketing. He doesn't go far for visual inspiration, as he tries to recycle and distort photos (so-called visual smog) of a corner store on the other side of the street. The thesis deals with the issue of the emergence of artificial intelligence in the field of visual arts and with the eternal question of the ethics of the authorship of a work of art and its authenticity. It also deals with the question of the employment of art school graduates. Therefore, the work does not only provide a subversive analysis of the art market but also a reflection of the position of the artist participating in this market.
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Support of autonomous decision-making of clients in homes for the elderly
ŠEBESTOVÁ, Adéla
The diploma thesis deals with the support of autonomy of the elderly in homes for the elderly. It points out its essence, especially from a philosophical and psychological point of view. It describes what changes a senior goes through in old age and how they affect his autonomy. It is important to understand that not everyone perceives autonomy in the same way, and this is the subject of the third chapter. Next, the thesis concentrates on the possible support for the autonomy of the elderly in homes for the elderly, but in order to provide this appropriately, it is necessary to understand how the elderly adapt to their old age. Taken together, the findings underline the importance of supporting senior's autonomy.
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Tax Incomes Analysis of Municipalities
GREGOROVÁ, Ivona
The aim of the thesis is to analyse tax revenues of selected municipalities in the size category of 1000-1999 inhabitants in the period 2015-2020. It classifies the types of municipalities, their structure, and their cooperation. Furthermore, the thesis deals with the competence, authorities of the municipality and especially the budget. A part is also devoted to the most recent regulation of the budget determination of taxes, on which municipalities receive a share of shared tax revenues of the state budget. For the thesis, the evolution of the budgetary determination of taxes since 2012 is also mentioned. The category of 1000-1999 inhabitants is chosen because it can be described as an average size category of municipalities. Seven municipalities in the Vysočina region are selected. The analysis is done by using horizontal, vertical analysis and average growth rate. Indicators of financial and tax autonomy and regression analysis of municipalities' shared tax revenues are also used. The development of tax revenues of selected municipalities is also compared with the average for the selected category of municipalities and the development of selected revenues of the state budget. The analysis is presented per capita. Finally, proposals for the analysed area of tax revenues and for the budget allocation of taxes are made.
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The ethical aspects of handeling the bodies of deceased
VIKTOROVÁ, Nikola
The diploma thesis deals with the ethical aspects we can indentify when dealing with bodies of the deceased. It describes how the deceased body is treated with respect to human dignity or human rights and also shows how the deceased's body was treated in the past and how funeral ceremonies and burials of the human remains looked like. It also deals with the evaluation of the approach to dead body these days. The procedures after death are described as well as the forms of funeral, funeral services or cemeteries. The thesis marginally deals with the funeral customs of selected ethnic minorities living in our territory. A special area is dedicated to the treatment of deceased children, the possibilities of their burial and farewell to their parents. Ethical issues in the field of organ donation are presented here also in the end.
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Fundamental questions of clinical ethics with focus on quality and quantity of life
STRÁSKÝ, Marek
This work focuses on basic issues of clinical ethics. These questions mainly concern bioethical principles and the contradictions between them, which are the main topics discussed in the first part. It also discusses the factors that must be taken into account in cases of clinical ethics in order to achieve the stated goal of medical care. In the second part, this work combines knowledge and relevant areas of clinical ethics with social work. Above all, it focuses on two areas of social work: work with elderly and palliative care, in which this connection is most clear. This section also touches on topics of euthanasia, dystanasia, and assisted suicide, which are some of the most discussed topics in clinical ethics. In the third part, this work discusses one of the most significant and current contradictions: the question of balancing the quality and quantity of life, in cases where these two areas contradict each other. Following this, it analyzes the dimensions of quality of life, methods of measuring quality of life and their practical use.
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Comparison of the social service Protected housing and the informal common housing with people with disabilities from the point of dignified life and freedom
ŽEMLIČKOVÁ, Hana
The bachelor´s thesis deals with the values of freedom and human dignity and their protection by international documents. More attention is paid to the Convention on the rights of persons with disabilities and article 19 of the Convention, which deals with the right for living independently and being included in the community. Next there is a description and comparison of three projects of co-habitation of people with disabilities and people without them. The comparison is from the point of freedom and dignified life. Among the chosen projects there is one, that acts as a social service sheltered housing (Villa Vallila), the second is informal co-habitation, which is closely connected to service social rehabilitation (Spolubyt), and the last is out of the system of social services absolutely (Gigabyt).
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The issue of euthanasia legalization in the Netherlands from the view of religion and ethical aspect
LAPAJOVÁ, Kateřina
The thesis is related to the issue of legalisation of euthanasia in the Netherlands from the perspective of Christian ethics. It introduces the historical context of understanding euthanasia and its various forms. The legislative definition of euthanasia in the Netherlands is presented, taking into account the wider historical context of the Netherlands and its actual practice. Also the legalisation of euthanasia is evaluated from a Christian perspective. This section is supplemented by a presentation of alternatives to this unacceptable practice from Christian point of view.
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