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Amphibians - the Meaning for Men and their Use in School Education
Vajnar, Tomáš ; Hanel, Lubomír (advisor) ; Andreska, Jan (referee)
This work contains a research on the class amphibia and evaluate the relationship between man and amphibians (morphology, physiology, biology, etology, bioindiation, threat and conservation of amphibians, myths, toxikology etc.). Amphibians are analyzed as a model group with respect of using them in educational praxis (model group of animals in education of biology, zoology, ecology, etology, nature protection, literature etc.). Exotic species are choosed as examples, which are best for care in schools. Here are made also manuals for breeding of selected less demanding species in aquarium or aqua-terrarium conditions and for observing their life histories.
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The upperpalaeozoic amphibians [Amphbia] of the Boskovice Graben.
Krejčí, Martina ; Mazuch, Martin (advisor) ; Zajíc, Jaroslav (referee)
The topic of bachelor thesis is upper paleozoic amphibians of Boskovice furrow. Boskovice furrow is long asymmetric furrow, which bedrock is made by rocks of moldanubicum, moravicum and brunovistulicum. Furrow is full of permocarbonifeorus sediments with relicts of mesozoic sediments in overlying rocks. In this regional unit, there is terrestrial sediment with fluvial and fluvio-limnic character, also there are coal formations. The amphibians are in a few formations. We can found only Labyrinthodontia in Boskovice furrow. We found from Labyrinthodontia representatives of two infraclasses: Temnospondyli and Anthracosauria. Final number of species in this geological unit is seven for now, but we can describe some new species in the future
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Evolution of prey-catching behaviour in poikilothermic vertebrates and its relationship with predator's visual perception
Košinárová, Lucie ; Frýdlová, Petra (advisor) ; Robovská, Pavla (referee)
Both the topics of prey-catching mechanism and visual perception are closely connected, affecting each other in many complex situations. The main subjects of this thesis were amphibians and reptiles and the many effects that impact their hunting abilities. We studied their hunting patterns in a few species of frogs and the leopard gecko (Eublepharis macularius) in an arena. We did not find any universal hunting pattern for neither of those groups, moreover even the quantity of individual sequences differed among them. However, hunting in nature is often engaged in habitats that are far from the flat calm arena. Often the animals have to adapt to different conditions, for example an unsteady surface underneath them. In such conditions they need to compensate for the passive movement with their heads and eyes to stabilize the image on their retina. The ability to compensate while hunting in frogs is affecting their behaviour and the success rate of their prey-catching. Another aspect that is influencing frog's hunting efficiency are their protrusible tongues that are commonly divided into three categories: mechanical, inertial and hydrostatic. The last goal of this thesis was looking for the evolution of this trait in frog's phylogenesis and their different effects on hunting movements.
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Regeneration of heart muscle in vertebrates
Bergelová, Barbora ; Krylov, Vladimír (advisor) ; Mašek, Jan (referee)
Fish model organisms such a Danio rerio have the ability to regenerate heart muscle during its whole lifespan. Compared to Danio rerio, the ability of heart regeneration differs in amphibians. While the newt has the ability to regenerate its heart tissue throughout its whole life, the Xenopus leavis loses its power when it goes through metamorphosis. The regenerative ability varies not only between genera but also between species. For example compared to Xenopus leavis, Xenopus tropicalis has the ability to regenerate its heart tissue even in adulthood. Mammals have a very limited ability to regenerate their heart muscle. We can observe the ability to regenerate heart after injury in mice and humans for a very limited time of a few days after birth. In adulhood the heart is healed via rich collagen scar. It is vital that signaling pathways in highly regenerative model organisms are intensively studied, so that the knowledge gained may help us in the treatment of heart injuries in humans. Key words: regeneration, heart muscle, repair, zebrafish, mammals, amphibians, heart development, vertebrates
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Regeneration abilities among vertebrates
Majerová, Veronika ; Starostová, Zuzana (advisor) ; Soukup, Vladimír (referee)
Among vertebrates the ability to regenerate various body structure, from the cellular level to diverse internal organs or even the complex body structures (such as limb or tail), is unequally distributed across animal taxa. Regeneration is understood as the restoration of damaged or completely lost tissues, while the restored structure is more or less similar or even identical to the original structure. Regeneration is naturally often preceded by an encounter with a predator, when the animal is directly injured by the predator or an autotomy may occur as an anti-predator mechanism, which means that the animal voluntarily releases an appendage. Autotomy and following regeneration have many advantages but there can also appear some costs associated with these events which may have various consequences Masters in regeneration are considered to be mainly urodele amphibians who are able to perfectly regenerate various body structures (such as eye lens, limb or tail) and this ability persists throughout their lives, unlike anuran amphibians, in which the ability to regenerate after metamorphosis decreases significantly. In contrast to amphibians, the ability to regenerate among mammals or birds is severely limited. The aim of this work is to approach the ability of regeneration and the mechanisms by...
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Regeneration of heart muscle in vertebrates
Bergelová, Barbora ; Krylov, Vladimír (advisor) ; Mašek, Jan (referee)
The model organisms like for example the fish Danio rerio has the ability to regenerate heart muscle during its whole lifespan. Compared to Danio rerio, the ability of heart regeneration differs in amphibians. While the newt has the ability to regenerate its heart tissue throughout its whole life, the Xenopus leavis loses its power when it goes through metamorphosis. The regenerative ability does not only differ between salamanders and claws. We can observe some differences between regeneration of Xenopus tropicalis and Xenopus leavis too. Compared to Xenopus leavis, Xenopus tropicalis has the ability to regenerate its heart tissue even in adulthood. Mammals have a very limited ability to regenerate their heart muscle. We can observe the ability to reverse heart damage in mice and humans for a very limited time of a few days after they are born. In adulhood they repair the heart muscle and the rich collagen scar is formed. It is vital that signaling pathways in regeneration of model organisms is researched further, so that the knowledge gained may help us in the treatment of heart injuries in humans. Key words: regeneration, heart muscle, repair, zebrafish, mammals, amphibians, heart development, vertebrates
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The effect of salting the highway D8 in the winter months: Results of species composition and abundance of water organisms in streams during vegetation season in year 2018.
Blabolil, Petr ; Kučerová, Andrea ; Matěna, Josef ; Rychetský, P. ; Peterka, Jiří
The focus of the study is to document the effect of chloride toxicity on aquatic organisms (macrophytes, aufwuchs, macrozoobenthos, fish and amphibians) in recipients around the D8 motorway, km 48.276 - 64.689, where the motorway passes through the České středohoří Protected Landscape Area. The summary of the achieved results for the vegetation season 2018 is the content of the presented report.
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The effect of salting the highway D8 in the winter months: Results of species composition and abundance of water organisms in streams during vegetation season in year 2019.
Blabolil, Petr ; Kučerová, Andrea ; Matěna, Josef ; Bešta, Tomáš ; Rychetský, P. ; Peterka, Jiří
The focus of the study is to document the effect of chloride toxicity on aquatic organisms (macrophytes, aufwuchs, macrozoobenthos, fish and amphibians) in recipients around the D8 motorway, km 48.276 - 64.689, where the motorway passes through the České středohoří Protected Landscape Area. The summary of the achieved results for the vegetation season 2019 is the content of the presented report.
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Occurence and diversity of amphibian trypanosomes
Poloprutská, Klára ; Votýpka, Jan (advisor) ; Brzoňová, Jana (referee)
The genus Trypanosoma represents well-known flagellates of order Trypanosomatida and class Kinetoplastea, which includes over 500 described species parasitizing on all classes of vertebrates. However, the best known and economically and medically most important are mammalian trypanosomes, especially human ones, which cause serious diseases in the world: sleeping sickness in Africa and Chagas disease in Latin America. But trypanosomes may also be found in blood of birds, reptiles, fish and amphibians. And exactly on trypanosomes of amphibians, whose diversity is surprisingly vast, is this thesis focused. However, many studies concentrate only on morphological description, which may not be the best in order to determine species, which may lead to distortion of information e.g. about species' life cycle, prevalence or host specificity. This thesis points to some ambiguities, but also to some more reliable experimental or in some cases molecular evidence dealing with individual aspects of life of trypanosome of amphibians. It also summarizes representatives of aquatic and terrestrial invertebrate vectors of trypanosomes, among which leeches are considered to be the dominant vector in aquatic environment. Furthermore, some species of phlebotomes, mosquitoes and genus Corethrella are known to be...
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Cellular and molecular basis of a skin regeneration in amphibians and mammals
Hybešová, Michaela ; Krylov, Vladimír (advisor) ; Jendelová, Pavla (referee)
Wound healing of skin in mammals and its regeneration in Amphibians are crucial biomedicine topics in the last few decades. The most important aspect in humans is the scrarring proccess and the effort to substitute it with the regeneration producing functional and differentiated tissues. To modulate the formation of scar it is neccessary to compare both proccesses. The core animal model is axolotl (Caudata) where regeneration takes place during whole lifespam. On the other hand, in frogs (Anurans) this phenomenon is restricted up to metamorphosis. After metamorphosis, the immune system of Anurans is similar if compared to mammals. Similarly, the transition from early embryonic development in mammals, where the fetus was able to completely regenerate damaged tissue to an adult type of healing, goes hand-in-hand with the development of the immune system and structural differentiation of damaged tissue. Thus, the inflammatory cells and their regulation, the formation of ECM, which includes fibroblast proliferation, and the production of appropriate cytokines are key factors that distinguish the process of healing with and without scarring.
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