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The history of land adjustment in our country during the 20th century
KÁNDLOVÁ, Monika
This Bachelor thesis concerns the history of land adjustment in our country during the 20th century. The aim of this thesis was to describe the development of land adjustment and property rights to them since 1918 in the form of a literature esearch. The first, longer part of the thesis deals with land adjustment from the beginning of Czechoslovakia to the present, with view to the future. It describes land reforms and land registers and property rights registers. The second, shorter part of the thesis concerns church, church property and treatment with it during the historical periods and also church restitution in the nineties. It solve the question of the possession of church property and also how the church has got its property.
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Restitutional disputes under Act 229/1991 Coll.
Hubl, David ; Sedláček, Miroslav (advisor) ; Hendrychová, Michaela (referee)
This diploma thesis deals with the issue of restitution disputes according to Act No. 229/1991 Coll. on the regulation of ownership relations with land and other agricultural property. The reason for this topic was the experience of the author of the diploma thesis on restitution disputes, scope and judicial jurisprudence dealing with this issue. The thesis deals with the procedural aspects of restitution disputes, as well as with the substantive law-making aspect of both legal regulation and rich judicial jurisprudence. The diploma thesis systematically describes the most important types of restitution disputes - disputes about the restitution of original removed real estate, disputes about the existence of claims of entitled persons to compensation for immovable properties which can not be restituted, disputes about the correct value of claims of authorized persons and disputes about the grant of specific substitute real estates owned by the Czech Republic as a replacement for real estate that can not be restituted. The work emphasizes the breakthrough and current judicial jurisprudence of the Supreme Court of the Czech Republic and the Constitutional Court of the Czech Republic. In the thesis, the author considers the importance of this case law and gives the case law a connection with the...
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Forest management of the Dominican order in the Mimoň region
Nejedlý, Ondřej ; Foltýn, Dušan (advisor) ; Hnilica, Jiří (referee)
This thesis deals with the forest management of the Dominican Order in Mimoň area. Specifically, it focuses mainly on the area of Hamr nad Jezerem, in the years 1931-1938 and the last years of the active duty of the Directorate of the Dominican forest management in 1945-1950. The emphasis of the thesis is based on the description of the previously uncharted historical chapter of the Dominican order in this area, especially with regard to the economic activity of the forest administration in this given period and legal aspects of the whole issue with the acquisition, loss and subsequent efforts to return these properties. The Fund no. 37 in the Archive of the Dominican order, deposited in the 1st Department of the National archive in Prague, was used as the main source, subsequently supplemented by specialized and professional literature, an interview with the legal representative of the Dominican order in Prague in the case of restitution and also by few internet resources. KEYWORDS Dominicans, forestry, Hamr, Restitution, Hospitaller Order of Saint John, count Hartig, hunting, hunting area, logging, the first Czechoslovak Republic. Karl Waldstein, pine, spruce, lumbermill, Ministry of Agriculture, Military training area Ralsko, land reform, land reform review..
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Changes in Human Relations to the Land in Wallachia in the 20th Century
Adamová, Lucie ; Zicha, Zbyněk (advisor) ; Samek, Tomáš (referee)
This bachelor thesis deals with human relation to the land and its transformation in connection with significant changes in the political scene. Human relation to land is not influenced and defined merely by geographical location, but also by historical development of given area and other external influences and one of them is the political situation. Between the years 1948 - 1989, the Communist Party with its specific approach to personal ownership and the ownership of land ruled the territory of today's Czech republic. The Communist regime has also strongly influenced the historical development of Wallachia. Agriculture and pastoralism have been and still are characteristic for this region and local people have been dependent on these for several centuries. People who owned the fields, land or farms started loosing their property and the concept of personal ownership itself started to change. These changes have then influenced several generations of farmers living in this area. The key task of this thesis is to map the influence of the Communist regime on the human relation to land in Wallachia. The theoretical part of the thesis introduces the development of agriculture in Wallachia in the 20th century, the region of Wallachia and the general description of human relation to land and the...
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Nationalization and confiscation between 1945 and 1948
Holfeld, Christian ; Kuklík, Jan (advisor) ; Skřejpková, Petra (referee)
The diploma thesis deals primarily with the so-called first stage of the nationalization process in Czechoslovakia, which took place between 1945 - 1948, and the post-war confiscations of the same period, as well. The objective of the thesis is particularly to describe and analyze the then relevant legal regulations and place them adequately in the historical context. The content of the five thematic chapters is adapted to this topic. First, it attempts to define the basic concepts of nationalization, appropriation, socialization, expropriation and confiscation. Subsequently, it examines the basic historical roots of the concept of nationalization. It does so especially by comparing the approaches to proprietary rights through the prism of two dominant ideologies, namely liberalism and socialism. The core of the thesis consists of the nationalization and confiscation decrees themselves and the issues related. The National Institute of Administration was closely associated with this issue, as well. From the legislator's point of view, it was also necessary to distinguish which assets were to be confiscated and which, on the other hand, nationalized. The film industry first, followed by mines and large industrial enterprises, the food industry, banking and insurance companies were subject to...
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Land ownership of churches and its particularities
Biznárová, Katarína ; Franková, Martina (advisor) ; Žákovská, Karolina (referee)
Land ownership is specific not only for the unique features of the land but also because it constitutes an extremely important legal institute that affects the existence and functioning of the society. Land ownership is historically inherently connected with the churches and has also been the subject of frequent disputes. The property of churches was also subject to continuous public oversight, which was intensified during the period of the reform of the Josef II, Holy Roman Emperor and subsequently intensified in the course of the 20th century, when numerous limitations of ownership right toward land were made. In this thesis I focus on the specifics of land ownership of churches, their description and historical development. In conclusion of my work I discuss the process of the settlement between Czech state and churches in relation to lands that have been the subject of proprietary wrongdoing and, all on the basis of the long-awaited Act No. 428/2012 Coll., on property settlement with churches and religious societies. Due to my previous work experience at the law firm, where I was able to participate in the assessment of the requests for historically expropriated land and other immovable property applied by authorized persons, I decided to break down the subject matter in my diploma thesis more...
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Land ownership of churches and its particularities
Biznárová, Katarína ; Franková, Martina (advisor) ; Damohorský, Milan (referee)
Land ownership is specific not only for the unique features of the land but also because it constitutes an extremely important legal institute that affects the existence and functioning of the modern human society. Land ownership is historically inherently connected with the churches and has also been the subject of frequent disputes. The property of churches was also subject to continuous public oversight, which was intensified during the period of the reform of the Josef II, Holy Roman Emperor and subsequently intensified in the course of the 20th century, when numerous limitations of ownership right toward land were made. In this thesis I focus on the specifics of land ownership of churches, their description and historical development. In conclusion of my work I discuss the process of the settlement between Czech state and churches in relation to lands that have been the subject of proprietary wrongdoing and, all on the basis of the long-awaited Act No. 428/2012 Coll., on property settlement with churches and religious societies. Due to my previous work experience at the law firm, where I was able to participate in the assessment of the requests for historically expropriated land and other immovable property applied by authorized persons, I decided to break down the subject matter in my diploma...
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Economic and social status members Jewish religious community in Sedlcany in Protectorate of Bohemia and Moravia (with a specific heed to the year 1940)
KRUCHŇOVÁ, Lucie
The purpose of this thesis is to elaborate the inventory of Jewish possessions in the town district of Sedlcany which would provide an answer to the economic and social status of this persecuted minority. The primary sources are the record-keeping cards from the Jewish card files, the registration of the Jewish landed estate in the town district of Sedlcany, the police entries, as well as, the population census from 1930. The acquired information about the Jewish possessions relates to the year 1940 too, therefore, this thesis is also focused on the period of the Protectorate of Bohemia and Moravia. The first chapter briefly engages the reader with the history of the Jews in Bohemia with a specific focus of the town district of Sedlcany. The key part of this work is the detailed outline of the encoroachment on the economic life of the Jews not only in the Third Reich, but also on which ?the Aryan race? received their possessions. The key part of this thesis is a list of the Jewish population living in the town district of Sedlcany and nearby villages before deportations, an overview of family ties, and also an overview of movable and inmovable assets of individuals. Another essential charter of this work is the restituion of thirteen survivers that emphasises the response of the country and individuals to the return of the Jews after the Second World Ward and the progress of the administrative process. At last, this thesis offers charts, tables, maps with highlighted municipalities where the Jews had lived, and also three maps illustrating the Jewish settlement in the town district of Sedlcany, and the municipalities of Kosova Hora and Petrovice. It further illustrates a family tree of the Lurie family from Petrovice, an inventory list of goods from Lurie?s shop in Petrovice and, last but no least, photos of some Jews living in the district of Sedlcany in 1940.
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LAND REFORM AFTER 1918
Pačes, Ota ; Kuba, Jaroslav (advisor) ; Lechner, Tomáš (referee)
The diploma thesis provides a comprehensive historical analysis of the relation between the state and the Church and the legal norms that are relevant to this issue and tries to interpret individual key provisions. It reveals the intentions of the Republican legislators to cope with Maltese grievances and the Latifunds, the efforts to redistribute large territorial units to smaller farmers and thus to start economic production. The diploma thesis also focuses on the consequences of the first land reform, which in the end did not fully fulfill the original expectations. For this reason, the legislators proceeded to review it, which is also analyzed in the diploma thesis. It also addresses the controversial question of the nature of ecclesiastical property, which in the past was in another position than it would be after the process of straightening relations with churches and religious societies. The thesis seeks to answer the question whether the concept of restitution of ecclesiastical property respects the concept of land reform.
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