|
|
Exosomes in parasitic protists
Horáčková, Jana ; Tachezy, Jan (advisor) ; Štáfková, Jitka (referee)
Most cells release extracellular vesicles. These vesicles are exosomes, ectosomes and apoptotic bodies. The main function of ectosomes and exosomes is the intracellular communication and transport of molecules between cells. The goal of this bachelor thesis is to review the current knowledge about exosomes and ectosomes and how these vesicles contribute to the pathogenicity of parasitic protists. The parasitic protists release exosomes and ectosomes that contribute to their development in the host and play a key role in their pathogenicity. Exosomes and ectosomes can also affect the immune system of the host and facilitate the invasion of parasitic protists into the host cells.
|
|
|
Utilization of cellulose and hemicellulose as a source of energy by symbiotic protists and other organisms
Hammerbauerová, Iva ; Tachezy, Jan (advisor) ; Hrdý, Ivan (referee)
In this thesis I focus on the enzymatic degradation of plant structural polysaccharides cellulose and hemicellulose. I describe the enzymes involved in their lysis and their breakdown and their function and occurence among organisms. I also pay attention to the mechanisms of xylose and arabinose catabolism as pentoses found in hemicellulose. I describe some niches where cellulose and hemicellulose degradation takes place and organisms that take part in it. Finally I shortly point out the biotechnological importance of these organisms in the production of bioethanol.
|
|
|
Knowledge of Pupils Secondary School in the Area of Selected Zoonoses
Svobodová, Barbora ; Pavlasová, Lenka (advisor) ; Říhová, Dagmar (referee)
The subject of the dissertation deals with the secondary school pupil's awareness of zoonoses. Zoonoses are the diseases transmited from animals to human beings. Those are one of the topics of biology study currently. The main aim of the dissertation is theoretical definition of the matter in the first place. For knowledge testing have been chosen these four illness: Toxoplasmosis, Lyme boreliossis, Rabies and Creuzfeldt-Jakobo disease. With these chosen illness the main research goal is to provide a comprehensive collection of information about the details such as disease transfer, spread of the disease, disease development, cure and avoidance. The research part of the dissertation tries to find out the extent of knowledge about the chosen kinds of zoonoses among the pupils at specialized secondary schools. As a tool of quantitative research has been used a pupil's didactic test. As based on the evaluated results we may say that the pupil's knowledge at explored schools is relatively satisfactory.
|
|
|
The metabolism of amino acids in parasitic and anaerobic protists
Jakubec, Dávid ; Šuťák, Róbert (advisor) ; Hrdý, Ivan (referee)
Parasitic protists are the cause of countless pathological conditions and economic issues in many parts of the world. While being phylogenetically unrelated, they share many similarities in their approach to satisfying the essential needs. Unlike the much studied energy metabolism, amino acids utilisation pathways are rather unexplored areas. This review shows that in many cases, the parasitic life style has not had the same impact on the amino acid metabolism as it did on the energy metabolism of the protists, which is often severely reduced. Novel pathways have been found in many of the organisms in question, for the biosynthesis of amino acids deemed both essential and non-essential in humans. The arginine dihydrolase pathway found in Trichomonas and Giardia represents a complely new way of utilising the said amino acid. The metabolism of sulfur-containing amino acid has been a matter of intensive research for their non-proteogenic roles. Polyamines are organic nitrogenous compounds involved in many vital processes in the cells, including DNA replication and protein translation. The synthesis of polyamines and their derivatives is elucidated, as it is directly connected to the amino acid metabolism. Finally, the exploitation of the unique pathways described integrates the previous research with the aim...
|
guest ::
