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Awareness among patients with limited self-sufficiency about the possibilities of home care
Svobodová, Lucie ; Lukášová Jeřábková, Lenka (advisor) ; Jankovcová, Kateřina (referee)
This Bachelor thesis deals with problems of home care. At present, the whole population is aging in the Czech Republic, increasing the number of people with limited self-sufficiency. These individuals often seek help from home care services, so it is important that they know the opportunities that this service can provide. The main aim of the bachelor thesis is to find out the awareness among patients with limited self-sufficiency about the possibilities of home care. In line with the bachelor thesis topic and goal setting, I defined the following hypotheses: Hypothesis H1: I presume that more than 50 % of respondents evaluate their awareness about the possibilities of home care as insufficient. Hypothesis H2: I suppose that more than 50 % of respondents do not know who is competent to indicate home care. Hypothesis H3: I think that more than half of the respondents are not informed about the possibility of reimbursing some home care services by the health insurance company. For the bachelor thesis, the method of quantitative research was chosen. I obtained the required data using a non-standardized questionnaire of my own design. I filled out the questionnaire personally with each respondent. Respondents were patients from internal departments and hospices from unnamed Prague hospitals. All...
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Home visiting service as the responsibilites of a nurse in the surgery of a pediatrician
KNEIFLOVÁ, Andrea
Abstract Paediatrics and neonatology have changed a lot. There has been big progress in perception of children's diseases, in their treatment and in the general attitude to children. Nowadays even premature babies at 24th week can be saved. The standard of surgical interventions has improved either- various defects, which used to be incompatible with life, can be eliminated. In my work I have focused on home care and community care, on the differences between them and what their aims are. Primary care has a big role there. Both healthy children and ill ones are provided with care by doctors who follow their psychomotoric development and the development of speech. Vaccination forms an integral part of this care as the prevention of infectious diseases. A doctor and a nurse form a good team,make balanced friendly atmosphere so that children and parents could feel safe and a good cooperation among medical staff, children and parents could undergo. It is important to know all the specifics of developmental periods children's lives and adapt attitude and actions to children. A nurse pays attention to changes and it is possible to prevent various developmentai defects. It is essential to know children's basic needs and their satisfaction in hospitals and pediatrician's surgery.These are not only physical needs but mental ones either. If children's needs are not satisfied their development can be influenced. A nurse's duties in a surgery are to make contact with children and their parents, to find all information about children, families, and environment, where children grow up. A nurse should manage both nursing and assistance in surgery, paperwork, keeping records, working of surgery in respects of its materials and operation. She should have aestetic sense of environment. Adequate communication with small and young patients and their parents is a must. A nurse should be professional. Nursing process is applied in paediatrician's surgery too. Getting information, setting aims, planning of nursing service and its evaluation. Basic children's needs are nutrition or diet, excretion and metabolism, aktivity and sleep, safety and protection, comfort and pain, growth and development. Nursing process is applied within visiting service in families. The origin of nursing service underwent its development when at first there were clubs, which took care of children and old ill people. At present home nursing fully covered by health insurance. Aims of the work The aim of this work was to find out if home nursing is performed and what its extent is, if mothers are aware of the service, what mothers' interest is and what care mothers want. Two questions have been chosen: What are the reasons of nurses' visits at homes? Why mothers make use of nurses' visiting service? Results Talks were rewritten and analysed with the method of open coding with help of a pen and paper. There were two research files- nurses and mothers. Considering nurses there were five categories: Reasons of home visiting service, Positive views on visiting service, Negative view on visiting service, Benefit of visiting service for a nurse and Performance of a nurse visiting service at home environment. Considering mothers there were three categories: Idea of visiting service from the point of view of mother, What are mothers interested in and Benefit of visiting service for a mother. Subcategories with codes were matched to all categories, which showed most frequent correspondence. All figures are recorded in transparent charts of named categories. From the research emerged that not all the nurses , who took part in the research, do visiting service due to large extent of the district, due to the use of devices and paperwork. Those who do it are from a small town or locality. All the nurses agree that they see the main benefit in their work in ambulatory care. Mothers, who took part in th
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The need of community care for a women during childbirth
VNOUČKOVÁ, Marie
This thesis focuses on support of community care during pregnancy, birth and the puerperium for low risk women. It points out the effectivness of care, where midwives are the primary care providers. It takes into consideration health and well-being of mothers, children and whole families. It deals with different systems of care in various european and non-european countries. It gathers knowledge about possibilities of community care and possibilities for its inclusion in the array of maternity health services. It searches for options of succesful development of community care in the Czech Republic in order to satisfy the needs of pregnant women.
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The role of nurses in primary care patients with multiple sclerosis
KOVÁŘÍKOVÁ, Jana
Multiple sclerosis is an autoimmune chronic disease that currently lacks a specific cure that leads to cure. In the Czech Republic, the number of new diseases has increased in recent years. Multiple sclerosis has several symptoms associated with nursing problems. People suffering from multiple sclerosis most often have problems with activity, rest, hygiene and self-care disorders, perception and walking disorders. In the introduction of the Bachelor Thesis, one goal was set which focused on the role of a nurse in primary care in a RS patient. There were also three research questions. The first question related to the role of nurses in a RS patient, the second is aimed at influencing the life of a RS patient and the last question concerns the experience of patients with primary care diagnosis. After analyzing all the results, it was found that the most frequent roles of nurses in multiple sclerosis patients are the role of educator, nurse and communicator. The answer to the second research question is that it is most affected by the patient on the health side, when he or she develops momentum disorders; some patients experience eye disorders. Another response was the psychic side of the patient, which is mainly affected by attacks, which have a negative impact on the patient's mental state, depression, fear of lack of information at the beginning of treatment, negative mood. The answers to the last research question were the same. The most frequent responses were that the experience with the diagnosis was rather negative, mainly on the part of the nurse, when negative experiences in communication and approach from the nurse appeared.
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Specialized education of general practitioner for children and adolescents in the Czech Republic
Vacátko, Michal ; Háva, Petr (advisor) ; Duškov, Ivan (referee)
This dissertation" Specialized education in the field of practitioners for children and adolescents in the Czech Republic " focuses on the development of specialized postgraduate medical uducation in the context of social change in the Czech Republic after 1989 and their impact on staffing in the field of health care practitioners for children and adolescents . The first part describes the theoretical and factual basis , which is closely related to the issues . These concepts explained the functioning and development of the health system, providing primary care by practitioners for children and adolescents, impact of transformation of the labor market and human resources in health care and human rights in health care. To analyze the empirical part of the thesis i used the method of historical institutional analysis. I explained formal and informal relationships in time cohorts between major actors and their influence in shaping the institutional framework of specialized education of physicians over time, especially in the legislative documents. Attention is paid especially to organization and financing of specialist medical education in the field of practitioner for children and adolescens, aging of population present practitioners, and their generational replacement in the context of demographic...
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The Education in Primary Care
Brejchová, Eliška ; Kulhavá, Miluše (advisor) ; Strnadová, Alice (referee)
1. Title of the thesis: The Education in Primary Care 2. Author's first name and surname: Eliška Brejchová 3. Supervisor: Mgr. Miluše Kulhavá Institute of Theory and Practice of Nursing 1st Faculty of Medicine, Charles University in Prague This bachelor thesis deals with education in primary care, specifically the education which takes place in the offices of general practitioners for children and adolescents. The theoretical part focuses on the history of pedagogy and education, the detailed description of the educational processes in primary care in pediatrics and educational issues related to this field. In the empirical part, I used the methods of quantitative research. Goal of the research was to clarify the implementation of education in primary care in the offices of general practitioners for children and adolescents to determine whether the parents of children under 6 years (patients / clients of primary care) are provided with sufficient information regarding the care for their child and if that information is provided, who passes the information, whether the education takes place under appropriate conditions, through suitable mediums and whether the information is sufficient and for parents easy to understand. The research was also aimed at obtaining information on issues on which the...
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Competences of nurses and increase of their opportunities for general practitioners (primary care)
HLÁVKOVÁ, Blanka
The diploma thesis addresses the issue of increasing the authorities of nurses of general practitioners in primary care. The theoretical part summarizes the information about primary and community care, defines authorities and professional activities of general nurses and physicians, and deals with the roles of nurses in primary care and the relations between general nurses and physicians. The objective of the diploma thesis was to survey the opinions of nurses of a possible increase in their professional powers, and to ascertain whether nurses are ready to assume certain authorities. It was also ascertained what physicians think of a possible transfer of certain authorities to nurses, and whether nurses are satisfied with their growing independence and responsibilities in connection with the increasing requirements for their profession. The results of the qualitative survey were evaluated by their summarizing in thematic areas and subareas; the text also contains authentic quotes of respondents (written in italics). The research set consisted of 15 respondents who were selected systematically. The set consisted of six physicians (general practitioners specialized in adult or paediatric medicine and general dentists). The set of general nurses consisted of nine nurses working for general practitioners. The selected general nurses had the work experience of various duration and various educational backgrounds ? they had either secondary or higher professional education and one nurse had university education. It has clearly followed from the research that the nurses do not wish to assume any activities falling within the authorities of physicians. A large number of respondents are very busy and any other authorities would be beyond bearable. Physicians would not transfer many medical activities to the nurses; they would rather transfer most of paperwork to them, such as writing opinions in respect of traffic accidents, spa treatment requests and other requests. Nurses are not afraid of increased authorities but agree that the authorities will mostly result in greater responsibilities and paperwork. The nurses think that there are clear boundaries between the authorities of nurses and physicians. Clear boundaries are seen mostly in diagnostic and therapeutic activities, nursing treatments, prescription of medicines, application of intravenous injections, and statement of diagnosis. Above the scope of their authorities, general nurses are charged to perform activities of a mostly administrative nature, write requests and sick certificates, administer intravenous medicines without expert supervision, write various recommendations, and monitor warfarinisation of patients.
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Preventive examinations from the perspective of nurse
KVÁŠOVÁ, Iveta
The theoretical background: In society, the concept of health and illness is understood as two sharply separated values. The health affects the quality of human life. The aim of preventive health check-ups is to detect health problems and illnesses at an early stage. Each client is recommended to undergo a health check-up at the general practitioner each two years. Newborns, infants and toddlers under one year old should visit a practitioner nine times, another health check-up should be at the age of 18 months, then at the age of 3 years, and then every two years. Every citizen under the age of 18 years is entitled to undergo a preventive dental check-up every six months. A pregnant woman is entitled to visit the dentist twice during her pregnancy, an adult once a year. Girls from the age of 15 years should undergo a preventive gynaecological exam once a year. General practitioners and nurses, who guide patients their whole life in the health care system, symbolise a role of responsible and active approach to prevention. Preventive care service at work is carried out in order to report the statement of fitness for work. Aim: The aim of my Bachelor´s thesis was to describe the role of nurses during preventive check-ups at the general practitioner for adults. The research was carried out by a qualitative survey in form of non-standardized interviews. Firstly, we set three research questions: 1. What information about preventive check-ups do nurses give to clients? 2. How do nurses address their clients about the invitation for preventive check-ups? 3. What role do nurses have when carrying out preventive check-ups? During the research nurses cooperating with general practitioners for adults were interviewed. There were eight interviews in total in the region of Humpolec and České Budějovice. The interview itself contained 13 questions (see Appendix 1). The research took place in period February ? March. All respondents agreed with the research. The results of the research are presented in Chapter 4. Results: The results show us that all the respondents have got a secondary school education, only one of them has got a specialized training ?ARIP? (nursing care specialized in anesthesiology, resuscitation and intensive care). The respondents learn new modifications in preventive health check-ups from a doctor, or they follow trainings and seminars. The most of the respondents said that a lot of clients do not realize risks of not going to preventive health check-ups, except for university graduates who are aware of risks. Then, we have found that clients get information about the claim to preventive health check-ups from the respondents, doctors, leaflets, television, radio, and informative posters. The respondents give clients basic information about preventive health check-ups, schedules, home preparation for the medical examination, and a course of the medical examination. It has been found out that in some regions a low percentage of clients go to preventive health check-ups. The respondents try to convince risk groups, however, they do not insist on risk groups to come. The respondents invite clients orally for preventive check-ups, it is not used to send invitations anymore. The clients must look after their preventive check-ups by themselves. The respondents try to act positively with clients and to be a good example to them. It has been also found out that the respondents take care of sufficient consumer articles and hygiene and epidemiology mode during the preventive check-ups. In the waiting room the respondents and dealers are in charge of raising patients´ awareness. Conclusion: All the research questions were answered. The purpose of the Bachelor´s thesis was accomplished. Now, it will depend only on nurses and clients and their attitude to preventive health check-ups. As we say at work: "Prevention is better than cure."
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