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Theoretical concept of legal acts of juristic person
Holcová, Eliška ; Beran, Karel (advisor) ; Tryzna, Jan (referee)
Theoretical concept of legal acts of juristic person Abstract This diploma thesis aims to analyze the legal acts of juristic persons from a theoretical point of view and also what practical implications this concept brings. It is divided into three chapters, while the first chapter is divided into three subchapters and is devoted to basic concepts in law and their concept in connection with juristic person. The first subchapter deals with legal personality, especially the subjectivity of a juristic person. The second subchapter deals with legal acts and how legal acts differs from behavior. The third subchapter focuses on legal capacity. Particular emphasis is placed on the legal capacity of juristic persons and on whether it is possible to speak of legal capacity in their context. The second chapter is divided into two subchapters. The first subchapter concerns the development of the very concept of a juristic person. The second subchapter describes selected theories of juristic persons. These are theories of will, interest, combined and modern theories, with emphasis on the theory of fiction and organic theory. The conclusion of the second chapter consists of a treatise on how the theory of fiction and organic theory have been reflected in the Czech legal system over time. The third chapter deals with...
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Acting on behalf of a legal entity
Čápová, Martina ; Dvořák, Jan (advisor) ; Lederer, Vít (referee)
Acting on behalf of a legal entity Abstract The rigorous thesis deals with acting on behalf of a legal entity after the recodification of private law. This recodification has brought a number of changes which is not different in the area of acting on behalf of a legal entity as well. The concept of a legal entity as a fictitious subject of law is intertwined with the whole concept of the institute of acting on behalf of a legal entity. The content of the thesis is structured into seven main chapters, which are elaborated in more detail in subchapters. After the introduction, which clarifies the reason for choosing the topic of this work and it's outline, in the first chapter I deal to a general and necessary extent with basic terminology related to the topic of the work and then the legal proceedings themselves. The second chapter is devoted to a general description of legal entities, theories applied to the concept of legal entities and the basic division of legal forms of legal entities in our private law, not only in o.z., but also in ZOK. In the third chapter I approach the basic topic of this work, ie acting on behalf of a legal entity. I have divided this chapter into a general introduction to the actions of a legal entity in relation to representation and actions prior to the establishment of a legal...
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Non-existence as a new institution of Czech law
Bláha, Václav ; Hendrychová, Michaela (advisor) ; Šustek, Petr (referee)
Non-existence as a new institution of Czech law Abstract The aim of the thesis is to examine the institute of non-existence which is new in the Czech law. Therefore, the beginning of the thesis is arranged in order to make clear the chronological development of civil law in terms of wrongful conduct and/or wrongful legal act sanctions. Historically, the General Civil Code (ABGB) is of particular relevance. ABGB was an important civil code not only on our territory but also in Austria and other countries of the former Habsburg Monarchy. While the original text of this Code sanctioned wrongful legal acts by invalidity ("Ungültigkeit"), the 1916 amendment introduced another term into the Code, taken from the German Civil Code (BGB), and namely "Nichtigkeit". Although this term means "invalidity" as well, it was mistakenly translated into Czech by the word "nicotnost" (literally "nothingness" in English). In the thesis, the legal situation in the period from 1948 till 2014 is discussed briefly, mentioning in particular the Family Act which, commencing from 1998, included, in addition to the term "invalidity" (of marriage), also the term "non-existence" (of marriage) stating that no marriage is formed in these cases. The following part of the thesis deals with the applicable law. The problems of legal act, its...
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Forms of legal acts
Karim, Martin ; Elischer, David (advisor) ; Thöndel, Alexandr (referee)
99 Name of the rigorosum thesis, abstract and keywords Name of the rigorosum thesis: Forms of legal acts This rigorosum thesis deals with the forms of legal acts. Main subjects of the research were interpretative challenges, French Code Civil and German BGB. Methodological approaches used while writing this thesis were mostly the analytical, synthetical, normative and comparative. In the beginning, the author has analyzed legislature, case law and opinions of the legal doctrine. Then, the ascertained facts were scientifically described in a scientific description using a synthetic method. Finally, these were normatively commented on and the Czech legislature was compared foreign ones. The first chapter titled Legal acts and its forms is a general introduction into the subject matter and it presents traditional forms and new forms and elements. Attention is also paid to the fundamental question of changing the content of a legal act utilizing a form different from the original one. In the first part of the thesis, attention was paid to traditional forms of legal acts. The first part consists mainly of chapters 2. Oral legal acts, 3. Written legal acts and 4. Implied legal acts. In all these chapters, the development of legal regulations, application practice and the comparison of the current domestic...
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Electronic Legal Transaction: Comparative analysis with emphasis on the use of electronic signature under the EU law and laws of the Czech Republic and Germany
Kment, Vojtěch ; Beran, Karel (advisor) ; Cvrček, František (referee) ; Polčák, Radim (referee)
Electronic Legal Transaction: Comparative analysis with emphasis on the use of electronic signature under the EU law and laws of the Czech Republic and Germany Abstract (English) Objectives. This thesis provides a comparative analysis of electronic legal transactions under the EU law and laws of the Czech Republic and Germany, while emphasising the utilisation of higher versions of electronic signature, especially of a qualified electronic signature, which has legal effects of a handwritten signature in legal transactions performed by electronic means (Chapters 6 to 10). At the same time, increased attention is also paid to entirely novel concepts of advanced and qualified electronic seal, which are intended exclusively for use by juristic persons. The laws under scrutiny are based especially on recently adopted Regulation (EU) No 910/2014, known as eIDAS. To provide a general background, the comparative analysis is preceded by a theoretical part (Chapters 2 to 4, partially Chapter 5), dealing with the concept of legal transactions (also termed "legal acts" or "legal action") in general, while also focusing on the traditional handwritten signature and its functions, especially in view of the German and Czech legal doctrines and with occasional references to common law, as well as to requirements ensuing...
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Mistake in civil law
Havlín, Tomáš ; Dvořák, Jan (advisor) ; Elischer, David (referee)
(Mistake in civil law) The submitted diploma thesis deals with the problematic of mistake in civil law as a form of vitiated consent. Pivotal provisions are present in § 583-585 of the act No. 89/2012 Coll., civil law. In the introduction of the thesis we can find general issues of legal action, with more detailed description of will, its characteristics, manifestation of the will and their relation to each other, as these essentials of legal actions are instrumental for the purpose of this thesis. Next chapter focuses on the main issue, mistake as it defines it in two separate ways, that is discrepancy between the genuine will of the acting person and manifestation of the will, secondly as a defect of the will. Main focus of the thesis lies within the latter case, discrepancy between genuine will of the acting person is only mentioned briefly. Afterwards the thesis focuses on different types of mistake as corresponding to the provisions in the act No. 89/2012 Coll., civil law. Special focus is put on the term decisive circumstance, necessity of participation of other party and excusable mistake, as well as extract about the mistake induced by deception. Following chapter is centred around subsidiary circumstance and how to distinguish it from a decisive one. Afterwards the thesis mentions other...
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A governing body acting beyond its powers
Koráb, Jan ; Horáček, Tomáš (advisor) ; Eichlerová, Kateřina (referee)
Name: A governing body acting beyond its powers Recodification of civil law has changed the way in which business corporations have been acting. Governing body members are currently representing trade corporations as its representatives. This shift, which is that governing body members became the representatives of business corporations opened the possibility of discussion about the nature of authorization of governing body to act on behalf of the trade corporation and about the possibility of acting beyond its powers. My thesis was called "A governing body acting beyond its powers". I used as a base for this work the wide authorization that governing body possesses in acting on behalf of the trade corporation and its possible limitations by law. Work has been divided into following main chapters. In the chapter dedicated to the basic terms I wrote about the definiton of governing body, the legal capacity of a legal person and character of governing body acting on behalf of the trade corporation, which is according to me sui generis. Another chapter was devoted to the possibility of acting beyond its powers. Inner division of this chapter is based whether the consequences of acting beyond its powers applies only inside or outside as well. The chapter about the proper form of acts on behalf of trade...
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Painting art work as the subject of the legal negotiations
Cenkerová, Markéta ; Dobřichovský, Tomáš (advisor) ; Wünschová Pujmanová, Alexandra (referee)
in English Painting as an Object of Jurudical Acts The work is focused on individual types of legal proceedings connected with the painter's artwork. First, it offers an excursion to the basics of copyright, its development and contemporary issues. The work provides classification of copyright in the system of intellectual property rights and briefly explains the differences between continental and Anglo-American concepts. The following chapters attempt to define the terms "author", "work" and "painting". Then, it deals in more detail with specific types of artworks, such as restoration, book illustrations, derived works, parody and cartoon and street-art. In the next chapter, the thesis explains the relationship between the author and the owner of the work and some copyright restrictions that this situation brings, in the subchapter the work analyzes the export of painting artworks abroad. In its main part, the work gradually focuses on the individual types of legal proceedings connected with the painting, their characteristics and their adaptation. In the sorting of different ways of using it proceeds according to the system of the law, the largest range is devoted to the sale and purchase of the painter's artwork. In the subchapters, the work deals with the issue of pricing of painting artworks,...
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Relative ineffectiveness of legal act
Tauberová, Andrea ; Dvořák, Jan (advisor) ; Elischer, David (referee)
Relative ineffectivenes of legal act The purpose of this thesis is to analyze the relative ineffectiveness as a special institute of private law. The Act No. 89/2012 Sb., the Civil code, is using a new term "relative ineffectiveness" instead of "objectionability", which was used by the Act No. 40/1964 Sb., the Civil code. The relative ineffectiveness of legal act serves as a protection for credtiros from being unlawfully shorten on their rights by their debtors. The aim of this thesis is to explain a practical side and an importance of this institute. The thesis is composed of four chapters which are divided into subchapters. The core of the thesis lies in chapters 3 and 4. The first chapter of this thesis deals with the general term of legal acts and its elements which are fundamental for the existence, validity and effectiveness of legal acts. In this first chapter the author explains the main requirements of legal acts. In case some of the reguirements are missing, the civil code states a possible sanctions - an absolute and relative invalidity of legal act. The explanation of these sanctions is significant for their mutual differentiation and also for the follow-up analysis of the institute of relative ineffectiveness. The second chapter of this thesis deals with the whole history of the relative...
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A governing body acting beyond its powers
Koráb, Jan ; Horáček, Tomáš (advisor) ; Eichlerová, Kateřina (referee)
Name: A governing body acting beyond its powers Recodification of civil law has changed the way in which business corporations have been acting. Governing body members are currently representing trade corporation as its representatives. This shift, which is that governing body members became the representatives of business corporations opened the possibility of discussion about the nature of authorization of governing body to act on behalf of the trade corporation and about the possibility of acting beyond its powers. My thesis was called "A governing body acting beyond its powers". I used as a base for this work the wide authorization that governing body possesses in acting on behalf of the trade corporation and its possible limitations by law. Besides governing body acting beyond its powers I focused in this work on two other types of acts that although they are done within its competence, aren't done in accordance with the law and the partnership agreement. Work has been divided into three main chapters. In the chapter about governing body acting beyond its powers I examined the possibility of governing body to act beyond its powers in relation to limitation of authorization that governing body possesses in acting on behalf of the trade corporation and the applicable law. Another chapter was...
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