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From monasteries to men. The significance of monastic architecture and its art in the New Spain of 16th century
Brenišínová, Monika ; Křížová, Markéta (advisor) ; Štěpánek, Pavel (referee) ; Marek, Pavel (referee)
In my dissertation, I inquire into the phenomenon of monastic architecture and its plastic decoration in 16th century New Spain. The aim of this work is to present Mexican monasteries and their artistic significance. In my analysis, I build on the interpretation of monastic architecture from the perspective of early colonial society, I also reflect on the individual level, assessing its impact on the conquest and colonization of America. The methodology of this research project combines analysis of historical (e.g. study of historical sources) and art historical processes (iconological analysis of E. Panofsky) with analysis of anthropological concepts (e.g. rituals of transition of A. van Gennep, thick description of Cl. Geertz, concepts of liminality, structure and communitas of V. Turner). During my PhD studies, I conducted a field trip in Central Mexico (2013), supported by a grant from the Government of Mexico. I visited and documented one hundred and sixteen monasteries and the photographic documentation is the main empirical source of my analysis which further draws from the study of historical sources and academic literature. My research primarily focuses on three aspects: 1. the monastic architecture and art; 2. the role of the monastery in the process of European conquest and colonization...
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Sacrifice and initiation in the myths of Ódinn
Kozák, Jan ; Chlup, Radek (advisor) ; Antalík, Dalibor (referee) ; Starý, Jiří (referee)
This dissertation deals with the interpretation of four myths from early medieval Scandinavia, in which the main role is played by the god Óðinn. All four myths narrate how he achieved a state of permanent increase of his numinous knowledge. Based on the fact that the outcome of all of the narratives is the acquisition of the Mead of Poetry (or its equivalent), they can be percieved as "four reports on the same event". The analysis of myths itself has been executed in two steps: firstly the separate inquiry of the two more central myths and introduction of the other two followed by thorough analysis of the four together. All four myths demonstrate to a certain degree a presence of motifs and structures associated with the religious phenomena of sacrifice and initiation. By the means of said analysis the study reviews the systematic relations of the sacrificial and initiatory structures and postulates a common core which is subsequently named "monomyth".
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The Rites of Passage at the courts of last Rosenbergs
Šmilauer, Jakub ; Holý, Martin (advisor) ; Šedivá Koldinská, Marie (referee)
Abstract. This work provides a view of the most important rites of passage at the courts of the last male members of Rosenberg family. Special attention is given to their rituals of the marriages, baptisms and funerals. These rituals and festivities associated with it were the major events of the social, spiritual, economic and political life. For baptisms and funerals their spiritual dimension is emphasized, in case of marriages their social and economic aspects seem more important. The work brings closer insight into many areas of the life of the highest Czech aristocracy at that time. Records of transition rituals and related festivities are therefore important source of historical knowledge. Keywords: The Rosenbergs, rituals, marriages, baptisms, funerals
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Evolution of Wedding Ceremony in the Chod Region - from the late 19th to the early 21th century
Dufková, Nikol ; Dvořáková, Markéta (advisor) ; Kubišová, Zuzana (referee)
This bachelor thesis focuses on the observance and practice of wedding rituals in the ethnographic Chod region. The main goal is to capture the changes in the context of social evolution with the celebration of traditional Chod wedding. The work is divided into a theoretical and a practical part. The theoretical part defines the main terms of the wedding ceremony, describes the Chod region and a form of traditional Chod wedding from the late 19th century. The practical part analyses the qualitative research which shows changes of this traditional form with comparison of 50's, 70's, the years after 1989 and the beginning of the 21st century. Key words: Chod region, rites of passage, wedding, traditional wedding cerenomy in the Chod region, evolution of wedding ceremony in the Chod region
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Backpack, hiking boots and mascara: Analysis of women independent travelling from the perspective of anthropology of tourism
Kučerová, Petra ; Ezzeddine, Petra (advisor) ; Halbich, Marek (referee)
The diploma thesis deals with the analysis of the gender aspects of women travelling and experience of women travellers, who set out to the non-Europe destinations on their own. The thesis is based on in-depth interviews with women travellers and analyze how these journeys are important to them. The thesis tries to point out that women's solo travelling directly effects their biography as well as career and status of these female travellers. Women independent travelling is introduced as the dynamic process, by means of which they acquire or verify the gender power and abilities, applicable to their personal life and work. Using the concepts of feminist theories implemented on women's travelling, I try to show that this type of travelling is affected by history and prefers male travelling, which displaces the individual women's travelling on the edge of the social and scientific interest. This thesis is based on the anthropology of tourism, particularly on the study of backpacking and set the experience of the woman traveller in the frame of the rites of passage. Moreover the thesis contains the analysis of the public and media discourse, focused on the real case of two young women kidnapped in Pakistan. Keywords: anthropology of tourism, women independent travellers, solo travelling, backpacking,...
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Initiation of the Germanic Hero in Fornaldarsõgur
Fryje, Jakub ; Starý, Jiří (advisor) ; Antalík, Dalibor (referee)
The main theme of this paper is the initiation of the heroes from two important fornaldarsõgur: The Saga of the Võlsungs and The Saga of the King Hrólf Kraki. These heroes are called Sigurð, Sigmund, Sinfjõtli and Hõtt. The tales of these four characters acting in the stories that are preserved in the sagas we divide into three phases, which can be designated like separation phase, liminal phase and a return. In this case we are inspired by the conception of Arnold van Gennep, who dividided the rites of passage in this manner. The liminal phase of the heroic story is most important for us. It is the core of the initiation process, which is experiencing the hero, and the core of the rite of passage as well. In our stories is significant for the liminal phase for example a monster killed by the hero, hero's encounter with a numinous beings, or hero's abidance in certain liminal state. The main objective of this thesis is using primary sources and secondary literature by scholars such as Otto Höfler, Victor Turner or Jens Peter Schjødt, to create consise analysis of the liminal phase of three stories about germanic heroes, which is possible to designate as the initiation texts. This analysis should clarify, how these initiation texts relate with the initiation rituals and - in certain cases - with the...
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The meaning of ideas about the end of the word in the process of conquest and colonization of America
Brenišínová, Monika ; Křížová, Markéta (advisor) ; Binková, Simona (referee)
The aim of this diploma thesis is to explore the possible influence of the idea of the end of the world on the process of conquest and colonization of America. The author tries to answer this question through the study of selected images of the Last Judgment. The purpose aim of this thesis is not to describe or stylistically classify given works of art, but to interpret them using the methodology based on the semiotic conception of culture as public symbolical system that allows to interpret the culture and its expressions in their social connections. As the topic of this work is related to the question of death and finality, the chosen works of art are interpreted also in connection with A. van Gennep's idea of "rites of passage", which enables to pass from one life stage to another. The main source for analysis is the photographic material, which illustrates images and reliefs of the Last Judgment in their natural environment.
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Culture and Ritual
KOLESOVÁ, Lucie
The work deals with whole description of ritual theory. The first chapter focuses on ritual from point of view its function, rise and meaning in culture. The part two deals with ritual as performance, first of all relation ritual and theatre. The third chapter states some of typology of ritual and important representatives who occupies with ritual and some of theirs main opinions and ideas. The next chapter completes anthropological approaches to ritual with others important anthropologists, who represent this approaches. The fifth chapter devotes other types of ritual, as burial rituals, healing rituals, annual rituals, which are complete with description visual examples.
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On Changes In The Ways of Burial In The Czech Republic In The Last Decades
KADLECOVÁ, Hana
The work deals with changes in the ways of burial in the Czech Republic in the last decades. It has two parts - practical and theoretical. The theoretical part summarizes the evolution in the sphere of burial since the First Republic to the present days (this part contains interviews with witnesses). It leads to the conclusion, any changes have happened, mainly in the attitudes towards burial rituals. Two basic ways of burial (into the ground, cremation) have changed only a little. The new matter are burials without ceremony. The practical part contains questionnaire research. Respondents (priests, deacons and employees of the undertaker's and crematories) made answers about changes in attitudes towards death and burial in the last years. At the end of the work the results of the theoretical part are confronted with the results of the questionnaire research. Both parts of the work (the theoretical as well as the practical) confirm the main changes in a sphere of burial are in attitudes of people. Respondents crittically refer to state of contemporary morale, a decline of respect to the deceased and taboo of the death.
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