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Internal combustion engine for Mars and Moon vehicles
Rachůnek, Radek ; Beran, Martin (referee) ; Svída, David (advisor)
The thesis deals with the development of a mathematical model of the internal combustion engine for vehicles used in space missions. It includes a summary of the historical development and the possible future of the vehicles. It describes the external influences acting on the engine, summarizes the advantages and disadvantages of using an internal combustion engine. A separate chapter focuses on fuel selection with respect to the availability of local resources. The next part of the thesis is devoted to the development of a mathematical model according to a sample real engine. Here, the step-by-step process of modifications to create the engine model is described, considering the information from the previous chapters. The thesis includes an evaluation of the internal combustion engine to see if it represents a suitable alternative to current powertrains.
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Identification of microbial pigments in evaporites using Raman spectroscopy: implications for astrobiology
Vítek, Petr ; Jehlička, Jan (advisor) ; Marshall, Craig P. (referee) ; Vandenabeele, Peter (referee)
Raman spectroscopy is a powerful tool for identification both inorganic and organic compounds including microbial biomolecules. Together with the fact, that it is considered to be the important nondestructive instrument for use on Mars within future robotic missions, it is necessary to assess its capabilities in scenarios relevant for both Martian and terrestrial conditions. In this work, the potential of Raman spectrometry was tested - including both bench-top laboratory systems as well as portable counterparts - to detect traces of life within evaporitic matrices through biomolecular identification. Due to their chemical and physical nature resulting in optical properties, pigments are important organic compounds in Raman spectroscopic analysis using visible excitation. Hence in this work we have focused on the Raman spectroscopic identification of pigments as biomarkers with relevance for investigation of life in both extreme terrestrial and potentially extraterrestrial environments. Results of methodical work are presented in Appendices I to III, dealing particularly with β-carotene as a model carotenoid pigment. The concentration limits of this biomarker in three different evaporitic matrices (halite, gypsum and epsomite) have been determined for artificially prepared powdered mixtures alone...
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CRISM sensor - available data and possible applications for mineral detection on Mars
Pavlová, Martina ; Červená, Lucie (advisor) ; Potůčková, Markéta (referee)
This bachelor's thesis focuses on data accumulated by the Compact Reconnaissance Imaging Spectrometer for Mars (CRISM) sensor and the possibilities of their subsequent processing. The first part of this paper focuses on the history of remote sensing of Mars since its beginning in the 1960s, with the most detailed description of the Mars Reconnaissance Orbiter (MRO) mission which carries the CRISM spectroradiometer. The nine different data products acquired by this instrument are described in detail together with the possibilities of their download and subsequent processing. Furthermore, the minerals found on the surface of Mars are mentioned and examples of their spectral curves are shown. In the practical part, the processing of CRISM data in JCAT is first presented, from the actual data download to the creation of spectral curves suitable for comparison with spectral libraries. Subsequently, an image containing low calcium pyroxene was selected. This image was preprocessed in CAT in ENVI and using three different methods which were Linear Spectral Unmixing (LSU), Spectral Angle Mapper (SAM) and spectral parameter calculation, the detection of the selected mineral was performed. The LSU and SAM methods gave similar results, but the calculation of spectral parameters differed more from them, which...
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Conceptual habitat design for extreme environments - spacesuit design for Mars
Ponka, Jakub ; Lazar, Václav (referee) ; Šálený, Vratislav (advisor)
This bachelor’s thesis deals with the conceptual design of a spacesuit for conditions on Mars. The concept is based on the reaserch part, in which are described current space suit models of different space agencies and extreme conditions on Mars. In the design itself, the emphasis is on weight reduction. This is why materials such as titanium or carbon fiber are used. Also technology for producing oxygen from atmospheric carbon dioxide and digitalization of user interface is used. At the end, the thesis addresses the issue of metabolic heat dissipation from the suit’s internal atmosphere to the surrounding environment.
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Space Exploration of Mars
Válek, Jiří ; Sedláček, Pavel (referee) ; Froehling, Kenneth (advisor)
Tato bakalářská práce shrnuje minulé a současné mise k Marsu a uvádí objevy, úspěchy a technologie použité během jednotlivých misí. První kapitola se zaměřuje na první průzkumné mise Sovětského svazu a Spojených států během studené války a popisuje důležité úspěchy jednotlivých misí. Dále tato práce pojednává o roverech, jako jsou Opportunity, Spirit, Curiosity a také o Perseverance, které byly navrženy pro mobilní průzkum povrchu planety. Poslední část této práce se zabývá možností vyslání lidské posádky na tuto planetu, stavbou habitatů a samotnou cestou mezi Zemí a Marsem. V této kapitole jsou také nastíněna zdravotní rizika a různé problémy, kterým by posádka během takové mise musela čelit.
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Internal combustion engine for Mars and Moon vehicles
Rachůnek, Radek ; Beran, Martin (referee) ; Svída, David (advisor)
The thesis deals with the development of a mathematical model of the internal combustion engine for vehicles used in space missions. It includes a summary of the historical development and the possible future of the vehicles. It describes the external influences acting on the engine, summarizes the advantages and disadvantages of using an internal combustion engine. A separate chapter focuses on fuel selection with respect to the availability of local resources. The next part of the thesis is devoted to the development of a mathematical model according to a sample real engine. Here, the step-by-step process of modifications to create the engine model is described, considering the information from the previous chapters. The thesis includes an evaluation of the internal combustion engine to see if it represents a suitable alternative to current powertrains.
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Characteristics of the atmosphere of Mars for optical communication
Marčák, Tomáš ; Barcík, Peter (referee) ; Hudcová, Lucie (advisor)
The bachelor thesis is focused on the issue and research of atmosphere of the planet Mars for optical communication. The main goal of this thesis was to introduce the transmission through the atmosphere of the Mars and define possible wavelengths which could be used as possible communication. This thesis mainly introduces the optical communication and facts about the atmosphere of the planet. The main chapter presents more detailed analysis of composition of the atmosphere, the impact of the composition that is used for the radiation transmission. Lastly there are presented the results of the calculations and characteristics of the transmission through the Mars atmosphere. The next chapter is focused on theory of optical transmitters and its division. Subsequently, thesis describes the program for calculation of temporal, spatial and energetic characteristics of optical beam.
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Use of portable Raman spectrometers for detection of sulfates: potential application in exobiology
Košek, Filip ; Jehlička, Jan (advisor) ; Němec, Ivan (referee)
The detection of mineral phases under in situ conditions has become a primary but sometimes also challenging task in many fields of geoscience. Raman spectroscopy has been used as a powerful tool for the identification of various minerals and organic compounds. The advantages and the relative simplicity made this method a promising choice in the future planetary exploration missions to Mars. The deposits of aqueous minerals including sulfates have been found on the Martian surface. With the development of miniaturized handheld spectrometers there is a need for evaluation of Raman spectroscopy as a method of identification of sulfate phases in their natural conditions. In the first part of this work a handheld spectrometer equipped with 532 nm excitation laser was tested under laboratory conditions during which the ability to distinguish mineral samples representing sulfates of different chemical composition and different degree of hydration was investigated. In the second part, two handheld Raman spectrometers equipped with 532 and 785 nm excitation lasers were used for the characterization of sulfate phases on sites of their natural occurrence located in the Czech Republic. The quality of the Raman spectra acquired under outdoor conditions by both spectrometers was rather average but sufficient to...
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Mythological Inspiration in the poetry of Lorenzo de' Medici
Lukášová, Denisa ; Pelán, Jiří (advisor) ; Žáčková, Magdalena (referee)
The first part of this master thesis is focused on the personality of Lorenzo deʼ Medici and his inclusion in the period and cultural contexts. The literary background of Italy in the 15th century is introduced, as well as the Lorenzo's life, the summary of his literary output and his contribution as a patron of the Florentine culture and arts. The second part analyzes four of the Lorenzoʼs works related to mythological themes going back until the ancient writers. Lorenzoʼs evident influence by these authors is illustrated with the specific quotations but at the same time his own innovations in texts and stories are referred to. The conclusion compares an extend of this influence on him and the contribution of his own invention to the particular works. It points out the uniqueness of the personality of Lorenzo deʼ Medici both in the cultural and literary spheres as well.
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