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Vulnerability of organic matter in permafrost-affected soils and potential greenhouse gas emissions
DIÁKOVÁ, Kateřina
Degradability of soil organic carbon and potential greenhouse gas emissions were studied in permafrost-affected soils. Special attention was paid to cryoturbated horizons in upland tundra and cryogenic bare ground features exposing deep peat layers on a surface of permafrost peatland. The presented studies aimed to identify driving factors influencing degradability of organic carbon in arctic soils and the effects of temperature, oxygen availability and addition of plant-derived organic compounds were targeted by several laboratory incubation experiments. Role of nitrogen availability in C cycling and GHGs production was further investigated in combination of field measurements and laboratory experiments.
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Fiscal benefits and environmental costs of the corporate tax race to the bottom
Čep, Jiří ; Palanský, Miroslav (advisor) ; Janský, Petr (referee)
The goal of this thesis is to compare the fiscal benefits and environmen- tal costs of inward foreign direct investment (FDI) gained through lowering the corporate tax. We achieve this by utilizing a dataset constructed from multiple sources, primarily World Bank, UN, and UNU WIDER. It encom- passes 223 countries and territories between 1990 and 2020. In the three-step model, we first explain the variation in FDI due to a change in the corpo- rate tax rate, later investigate the effect of the change of FDI on government corporate tax revenue, and finally, we examine the effect of FDI change on CO2 emissions. We then convert those to monetary terms using the social costs of carbon mechanics. The results show that although we have discovered a significant positive fiscal effect of corporate tax cut, we have failed to prove the existence of a causal relationship between FDI change and change in CO2 emissions per capita. Moreover, we did not find evidence of this relationship on any regional or development level. We verified the existence of a positive impact of corporate tax cut on incoming FDI. Keywords Corporate taxation, greenhouse gas emissions, social costs of carbon, for- eign direct investment, tax havens
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Environmental impacts of transport modes
Cepník, Adam ; Matějček, Tomáš (advisor) ; Kolařík, Petr (referee)
Environmental impacts of transport are currently often discussed, especially in relation to the so-called flygskam, which is a trend encouraging voluntary refusal of using air transport because of its environmental impacts. It is the target of this thesis to compare greenhouse gas emissions produced by various means of transport in three model situations from daily life. The model situations are commute to school or work, trip abroad on land and a transoceanic trip. Algorithms used to calculate the emissions in the individual situations are also used to construct an interactive emission calculator in Microsoft Excel environment. Key words: greenhouse gas emissions, personal transport, calculator, flygskam, comparison
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Vegetariánství a jeho agroekologické souvislosti
Lattenbergová, Michaela
This thesis aims to point out the connections between meat, vegetarian, vegan diet and the environment. The history of vegetarianism and the relationship and the anchoring in individual religions are analyzed in literary research. The differences between vegetarianism and veganism at present, the vegetarin motivation and above all, the impact of meat consumption on environment are analyzed next. As the methodology is used two kinds of field surveys and SWOT analysis. In practical part was for comparison selected three sample menus and their impact on the environment. The results of all the methods used confirm, vegetarian diet is not necessarily more environmentally friendly than a meat-based diet, depending on consumer preferences of individuals. However vegan diet is prooved as more environmental friendly diet.
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Analysis of EU policies on climate change
Abdullayeva, Ziynat
The goal of this thesis is to evaluate the effectiveness of EU policies in tackling global warming. The study focuses on greenhouse gas emissions in EU member states. The first part of thesis represents the theoretical background on what climate change is and what actions EU takes in order to slow down global warming by reducing GHG emissions. The study further analysis the performance of GHG emissions in Italy, Spain, Germany and United Kingdom using statistical data from OECD Stat database. The analysed data is interpreted according to the climate change policies implemented in each country. Based on comparative analysis findings, the study evaluates the effectiveness of EU CC policies and defines successful GHG emissions reduction measures.
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Evaluation of selected cereals in conventional and organic farming - protein content and impact on greenhouse gases emissions
VEBROVÁ, Ivana
Agriculture is, after fossil fuels, the second largest producer of greenhouse gas emissions, which are responsible for global climate change, and it is necessary to look for ways to reduce this environmental load. Cereals are the most cultivated crops in the world, so it is appropriate to examine their share of this load. The aim of the thesis was to evaluate and compare the environmental aspects of the cultivation of selected cereals (wheat, rye and barley) in the conventional and ecological farming system. The resulting environmental load was first calculated on 1 kg of grain, and then the load was recalculated to a load of 1 kg of protein contained in grain of selected cereals. Protein content in grain is one of the grain quality indicators. A simplified LCA method has been used for the environmental load calculations. This method is used for environmental impact assessments and covers the whole life cycle of the product.
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Vývoj emisí skleníkových plynů a znečišťujících látek z veřejné energetiky a výroby tepla v ČR v letech 1990–2012
Rollerová, Miluše ; Mertl, Jan
The impact of public electricity and heat production on the environment in the Czech Republic has significantly declined since 1990. Nevertheless, the public electricity and heat production in the Czech Republic has remained the category with the highest share on the total aggregated greenhouse gas emissions and also have a significant influence on the state of the environment. The positive trend of pressures on the environment from public electricity and heat production during the last 25 years was influenced by investments on the environment, by implementation of new measures aimed at decreasing the level of pollution and by dynamic technological development. On the other hand, there has been no significant decline of the consumption of brown coal for electricity and heat generation; therefore, the current efforts aimed at decreasing carbon intensity of the economy by means of increasing the share of “green” alternatives (especially renewable energy sources) in the energy mix can be seen as ineffective from environmental perspective. Moreover, the Czech Republic has a significantly negative and growing balance of international trade with electricity, which is an exception amongst European countries. In the consequence, the additional burden on the environment is caused by electricity generation.
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Coordination of Visegrad group during negotiations on the EU framework for climate and energy in the period from 2020 to 2030
Denková, Adéla ; Vykoukal, Jiří (advisor) ; Kubát, Michal (referee)
The thesis deals with the negotiations on the EU framework for climate and energy in the period from 2020 to 2030 which were held in the Council of the EU and the European Council from January to October 2014. The text focuses on coordination of common negotiating position and common requirements of the Visegrad countries, Bulgaria and Romania which played an important role as an advocacy coalition during the negotiations on climate and energy package. They aimed to push through solutions of the issue of unequal costs placed on individual EU member states, with heavier burden put on the low-income countries. The thesis looks into the V4+2 group particular claims and evaluates how successful the coalition was in its efforts to set their ideas into the final formulation of the EU climate and energy policy for the period after 2020. The thesis is based on theoretical concepts of agenda-setting and advocacy coalition and uses also knowledge from theoretical research on the EU decision process.
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Influence of plant protection system on oil rape and greenhouse gases emissions from oil rape growing
SAMEC, Jakub
The theses serves as a comparison of different ways in the intensity of Brassica napus protection through the vegetational period. There were various protection types evaluated and their harmfulness was specified. Theses confronts the production of greenhouse gases emissions. The result is the surface unit emissive burden assesment and its conversion into the Brassica napus yield unit. These conclusions are based on the practical experiment which was realised in the farm located in Krty-Hradec village.
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