|
| |
|
|
Digestion as an interdisciplinary topic in science education
Šarboch, David ; Teplá, Milada (advisor) ; Martínek, Václav (referee)
The diploma thesis focuses on creating educational materials (educational text and educational animation) for secondary schools emerging topic of digestion in human body. The thesis consists of theoretical and practical part. In the theoretical part the following terms are defined: interdisciplinarity, visualization and animation. Moreover, the presence of the topic in the RVP G and analysis of accesible videos and animations, made in relation with the topic, are investigated. Results of both form a base to create educational materials within the practical part. Finally, a chapter about quantitative research method - questionnaire is incorporated. In the practical part of the diploma thesis, the results of realised questionnaire research are disscused. This questionnaire investigated the state of teaching of digestion in human body at secondary schools. The next chapter is dedicated to a manual for educational animation, the introduction of the programme Adobe Flash Professional CS6 and an educational text. The educational text is devoted to teachers at the first place and consists of basic as well as wider information gathering chemical and biological knowledge, which are related to the topic of the educational animation. The animation itself is put as the attachement on CD-ROM. Both of the...
|
|
| |
|
|
Physiology and functional anatomy of nectarivorous birds
Sejfová, Zuzana ; Janeček, Štěpán (advisor) ; Sam, Kateřina (referee)
Hummingbirds, sunbirds and a large part of honeyeaters belong to the most specialized nectarivores. During the evolution they have developed a number of adaptations in reaction to the specificity of their diet. The amount of studies focused on the adaptations connected with the digestion of nectar is not big, but is still growing. One of the characteristics of these birds is very fast and effective transport of consumed sugars across the intestinal epithelium. Furthermore they are tolerant to a very low nitrogen intake and extremely high daily intake of water. Sunbirds and honeyeaters are able to modulate the rate of water absorption in the intestine, but hummingbirds are not and they absorb almost all the consumed water. During the evolution excessive water intake together with a low concentration of salt presented in the diet led to changes in renal morphology that allows the production of an exceptionally dilute urine. The hovering flight of hummingbirds is well known and very well studied. The unique anatomy of hummingbird's wings allows the power production also during upstroke. Thanks to this hummingbirds are able to hover for a very long time and even in condition that are unsuitable for flight. Also sunbirds and honeyeaters sometimes hover during feeding. Nevertheless the mechanics of their hovering...
|
|
|
Proteolytic system of blood flukes of the genus Schistosoma
Bakardjieva, Marina ; Mareš, Michael (advisor) ; Dvořák, Jan (referee)
Blood flukes of the genus Schistosoma are parasitic trematodes causing a disease called schistosomiasis, which afflicts more than 200 million people in the tropics and subtropics. Adult schistosomes live in human blood vessels and feed on blood. Critical nutrients required for growth, development and reproduction of schistosomes are obtained from the major blood protein haemoglobin. Its digestion is mediated by the proteolytic arsenal of the schistosome digestive tract, which includes enzymes with complementary specificity belonging to the classes of cysteine and aspartic proteases, and metalloproteases. Proteolytic enzymes also play an important role in other processes, such as host penetration, tissue migration, immune evasion and modulation of inflammation. Here, serine and cysteine proteases importantly participate. The proteolytic system is essential for the viability of schistosomes and is a current topic of intense research focused on the development of new vaccines and chemotherapeutics for the treatment of schistosomiasis. Powered by TCPDF (www.tcpdf.org)
|
|
|
Nutritional biology of synanthropic mites (Acari: Acaridida)
Erban, Tomáš ; Smrž, Jaroslav (advisor) ; Grubhoffer, Libor (referee) ; Šustr, Vladimír (referee)
Ph.D. THESIS TITLE Nutritional Biology of Synanthropic Mites (Acari: Acaridida) ABSTRACT Several attempts to describe the nutritional biology of acaridid mites were undertaken, however full understanding of these processes remains incomplete. The objective of this Ph.D. thesis was to expand our knowledge concerning digestive physiology of stored product and house dust mites and to apply this knowledge to their nutritional biology. The research approach adopted in this Ph.D. thesis includes in vitro characterization of enzymatic activity in whole mite extracts (WME) and spent growth medium extracts (SGME), evaluation of the enzyme activities with respect to the gut physiological pH, enzyme inhibition experiments, in vivo localization of enzyme activities in the mite gut, determination of effects of nutrient or antifeedant additives in experimental diets on mite population growth and determination of the feeding preferences of synanthropic mites as assessed by in vitro and in vivo analyses. The gut contents of twelve species of synanthropic acaridid mites were determined to be within a pH range of 4 to 7 and showed a pH gradient from the anterior to the posterior midgut. The pH in digestive tract of synanthropic acaridid mites corresponds to the activity of proteases, α-glucosidases, α-amylases and...
|
|
|
Digestive proteases of termites
Čermáková, Markéta ; Konvalinka, Jan (advisor) ; Ryšlavá, Helena (referee)
Digestive proteolysis in termites has not been studied yet. In this diploma thesis, proteolytic enzymes of the digestive tract of two significant pest species Reticulitermes santonensis and Coptotermes formosanus (Rhinotermitidae) were analyzed. Proteases were identified and quantified in gut compartments using a panel of specific substrates and inhibitors. Major proteases were localized in the midgut and were classified as endogenous serine proteases of trypsin type. Minor cysteine proteases were detected in the paunch and were most likely produced by symbionts. The trypsin protease from R. santonensis was chromatographically isolated and its N-terminal sequence was identified. The physiological importance of the digestive trypsin proteases was demonstrated using selective inhibitors tested in vivo with C. formosanus. Based on the analysis of proteases from additional 12 termite species, a general scheme of digestive proteolysis in the order Isoptera was proposed. (In Czech)
|
|
|
An Improvement of Effectiveness of Biogas Plant "Koloměřice"
ČERVENKA, Pavel
The diploma thesis is focused on the topic of an important and working of biogas plants. Literature review is focused on working of biogas plants - their kinds, possible inputs and outputs and naturally processes. The aim of practical part is a research, which is concentrated on quantity and quality of inputs for maintain an optimal running of biogas plant, even in crisis periods (like is lack of harvest in poor year). And also it is focused on profitability poor year against average year.
|
|
|
Energy use of biomass
Střecha, Josef ; Lisý, Martin (referee) ; Baláš, Marek (advisor)
The main task of this thesis is the research of different types of biomass, description of each technology subsequent to obtaining thermal energy for central sources of heat and the mapping of use biomass in a cogeneration production of electric energy and heat. The first part of this thesis deals with the creation and definition of biomass, chemical and physical properties, basic distribution and showing examples of individual representatives. The next part of this thesis describes various options of energy usage of biomass subsequent to obtaining energy for central sources of heat. The last part is concentrating to individual power units in Czech Republic, which exploiting biomass for cogeneration production electric power and heat.
|
|
|
Technologies for energy use of biomass
Záviška, Radek ; Škvařil, Jan (referee) ; Moskalík, Jiří (advisor)
The objective of this work is developing retrieval technology of biomass energy. In the introductory part of the work deals with the definition of biomass, including ways of producing machines for the production and transportation. The main part of the thesis deals with the technology converts raw biomass into valuable energy products. Processing takes place in a straightforward manner the thermal and electrical energy or biomass is indirectly evaluates the products of higher quality, which further downstream processing operations. The indirect processes occur valuable usable energy output in transport, buildings, agriculture and many other industries.
|
guest ::
