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Story building in serial format focusing on the Chernobyl miniseries
Lišková, Michaela ; Štoll, Martin (advisor) ; Novotný, David Jan (referee)
This diploma theses titled Story building in serial format focusing on the Chernobyl miniseries analyses the serial Chernobyl coproduced by American HBO and British Sky aired in 2019. Chernobyl miniseries gained public recognition and still ranks as one of the highest-rated TV shows in history according to movie databases in the Czech Republic and abroad. It also received wide media coverage from different newspapers and movie servers. The miniseries has five episodes it describes primarily the human aspect of a horrifying disaster in the Chernobyl Nuclear Power Plant in 1986. The main aim of this theses is content and dramaturgy analysis, description, and development of individual characters and themes. This diploma thesis also focuses on the story building of a serial in terms of theoretical concepts and aspects typical for making serials and series. Moreover, the thesis mentions particular Czech and international reviews of Chernobyl.
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Many faces of Chernobyl: temporality, toxicity, complexity in the lives of environmental migrants
Podlesná, Valentina ; Kuřík, Bohuslav (advisor) ; Michal, Šipoš (referee)
The diploma thesis focuses on the topic of environmental migration because of the Chernobyl nuclear accident in 1986. The main questions of the thesis are whether the Chernobyl accident is associated at any social level with environmental migration to the Czech Republic? To what time is the event socially framed? In what areas and how does the accident currently affect the lives of the environmental migrants? The diploma thesis has two research parts. The first part is a media analysis, which shows that the Chernobyl accident is mostly socially perceived as a matter of the past and is not associated with environmental migration to the Czech Republic. The second research part is based on anthropological research of semi- structured interviews with respondents. The result of this research is the division of radiation toxicity into five dimensions (political, biological, potential, reproductive, migration), in which the consequences of the Chernobyl accident continue to manifest themselves in the lives of environmental migrants. The dimensions of toxicity take place in different time frames, so the work also focuses on the temporality of modern accidents. The social perception of the Chernobyl accident as a finished event does not mean that it is no longer present in human lives. The aim of the...
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Nuclear Power Plants Security
Štěpán, Jakub ; Smutný, Milan (referee) ; Ellederová, Eva (advisor)
Koncept bezpečnosti a zabezpečení jaderných elektráren je složitý. Bezpečný provoz jaderných elektráren má zásadní význam pro spolehlivou a neškodnou výrobu elektřiny. Nehoda spojená s tímto typem zařízení by mohla mít negativní dopad na zdraví lidí, volně žijících zvířat, a mohla by způsobit znečištění životního prostředí. Cílem této bakalářské práce je vymezit koncept bezpečnosti a zabezpečení jaderných elektráren a prodiskutovat způsoby prevence jaderné katastrofy. Teoretická část práce se zabývá vymezením základních provozních principů jaderných elektráren. Dále jsou diskutována a ilustrována bezpečnostní a zabezpečovací opatření. Následně je zkoumán dopad jaderných elektráren na životní prostředí za běžného provozu. V závěru jsou popsány důsledky selhání bezpečnostních a zabezpečovacích opatření na historických příkladech. Praktická část práce, která byla realizována prostřednictvím online dotazníkového šetření, se zabývá mírou povědomí veřejnosti o bezpečnosti jaderných elektráren a jejich dopadu na životní prostředí.
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The awareness of the Vysočina region population about the nuclear disaster Černobyl
ROYIK, Tetyana
The diploma thesis deals with the awareness of population of the Vysočina Region of the Chernobyl nuclear accident. The aim of this thesis is to find out the level of knowledge of the population about this accident and then to compare the knowledge of the population aged 18-44 and over 45 years. Two hypotheses were set in the thesis, H1: More than 2/3 of all respondents in the Vysočina Region will have more than 60 % of correct answers in a questionnaire concerning the knowledge of the Chernobyl nuclear accident, and H2: Respondents over 45 will have significantly higher knowledge of the Chernobyl nuclear accident than inhabitants under 45 years of age. In order to achieve the defined objectives and to verify the hypotheses, a questionnaire was prepared, a questionnaire survey was carried out and then the results were evaluated using the methods of descriptive and mathematical statistics. The questionnaire consisted of 15 questions. The research group consisted of 100 inhabitants aged 18-44 and 100 inhabitants aged over 45. The results of the questionnaire survey show that the overall success-rate of the answered questions was 66 %. Residents aged 18-44 responded correctly in a total of 61 % and residents over 45 in 71 %. The stated aims of the thesis were achieved and both hypotheses were confirmed. The benefit of the thesis is mainly the acquired picture of the state of awareness of the population of the Chernobyl nuclear accident in the Vysočina Region. The obtained results of the diploma thesis can be used, for example, by crisis management authorities related to the issue of nuclear energy or protection against ionizing radiation, both in connection with preparation for these situations and with a focus on preventive educational activities.
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Development of public opinion on nuclear energy in the Czech Republic after 1985
Želízko, Jaroslav ; Koudelková, Petra (advisor) ; Rosenfeldová, Jana (referee)
The bachelor thesis deals with public opinion on nuclear energy in the Czech Republic. The first part of the thesis deals with the theoretical knowledge that is related to the given issue. It focuses on the concepts of public relations, nuclear power station, communication with the public. The second part is divided into three sub-units. The first part examines the public opinion on nuclear energy in our country through a questionnaire survey. The second part is an interview with a public relations experts. Subsequently, the data thus collected is compiled, compared and discussed including recommendations.
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Cesium-137 in forest fruits
VRBOVÁ, Anežka
Significant artificial radionuclides occurring in the environment include Cs-137 from nuclear weapons tests that took place in the atmosphere during the 1950s and 1960s, and nuclear power plant accidents, such as at Chernobyl block 4 and crash at Fukushima. This bachelor thesis compares the amounts of Cs-137 and K-40 in different types of forest fruits, such as blueberries, raspberries and blackberries. Certain sites in Šumava were selected for their collection, where there was significant radioactive fallout after the Chernobyl nuclear power plant accident in 1986. Using semiconductor gamma-ray spectrometers, the specific activity of Cs-137 and K-40 was measured. All samples were measured in the dry state (dry matter). Cs-137 measurement values ranged from 1,143 Bq.kg-1 to 500 Bq.kg-1. For K-40 measurements, the values ranged from 166 Bq.kg-1 to 1280 Bq.kg-1. Differing values in individual localities are the result of uneven rainfall when the radioactive cloud passed over our territory after the Chernobyl disaster. However, there are also differences between species of forest fruits, which exhibit different accumulation properties due to different root system depths and their surrounding soil properties. The measured values were compared to the established limits and radiation sources found in our environment. The values measured are not high and compared to other sources of radiation are negligible, which has little impact on our health.
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The Cs-137 content in wild game
HÁKOVÁ, Veronika
The surrounding world has been influenced by ionizing radiation ever since. From the beginning they were only the natural sources as cosmic and solar rays or earth's radiation. Technical development of society brought discovery of artificial sources of ionizing radiation. In the beginning scientists studied them with noble aims. Eventually the negative side of utilization of nuclear fission was discovered in nuclear weapons. Artificial sources of ionizing radiation are mainly nuclear weapon's testing products from fifties and sixties in last century and nuclear power plant's accidents' products. When it comes to environment's contamination by Cesium radionuclide Cs-137 (further only Cs-137) and by inhabitants influencing, in The Czech Republic territory the biggest effect came from Chernobyl nuclear power plant failure. The aim of Bachelor Thesis is comparison of Cs-137 amount in meat of some species of forest or wild animals by semiconductor gamma spectrometry. The research question is whether amount of Cs-137 depends on animal species, or not. In The Thesis's introduction the general findings concerning ionizing radiation are described. What actually the ionizing radiation is and what a radionuclide and a half-life are. The next is a short set of quantities coming with ionizing radiation. Whereas the amount of Cs-137 in wild animal meat is examined, next part deals with Cesium and its isotope Cs-137. The amount of Cs-137 is very often compared with amount of natural Potassium K-40 (further only K-40) which is one of the most widely spread radionuclide in environment. Other part of The Thesis is devoted to nuclear weapon development. It actually began in between World Wars in the beginning of 20th century. The second most significant source of Cs-137 in our area was the crash of the 4th reactor of nuclear power plant Chernobyl, which occurred on April 26, 1986. By the way in this year has passed 30 years from one of the biggest nuclear catastrophe ever. In the next part a summary of wild animal species is given. Such animals were ahead selected and their meat was used as samples for measurement of Cs-137 mass activity. Mass activity was measured by means of semiconductor gamma spectrometry in Regional Centre of State Office for Nuclear Safety in České Budějovice. Due to availability of game animals was chosen Jindřichův Hradec region. Samples available for measurement reason were taken from the following kinds of hunting game: wild boar, fallow deer, roe deer, fox and hare. From each, under permission hunted piece was taken specimen of about 500 grams. After cleaning and cutting meat vas put to special Marinelli measurement bowls and frozen. Later was measured Cs-137 mass activity and for comparison also K-40 one. Measured values of Cs-137 mass activity oscillated from 1,9 Bq.kg-1 to 191 Bq.kg-1. In both cases it was meat of wild boar. Figures K-40 mass activity were from 47,4 Bq.kg-1 up to 201 Bq.kg-1. Where the lowest value came from meat sample of wild boar, then the highest value came from meat sample of roe deer. The numbers of Cs-137 and K-40 mass activities in meat sample of fox were almost the same. The mass activity values of any sample never reached the threshold value 600 Bq.kg-1, which is given by Announcement about radiation protection no. 307/2002 Sb. Measured values shows that amount of C-137 vary with the type of wild animals. According to statistic data the average game consumption is 700 grams per adult per year. In case of our family the consumption is even 7 200 grams per adult per year. Just for interest was calculated committed effective dose for consumption of 700 grams and also for estimated consumption of 7 200 grams. With consumption about 700 grams per adult per year the committed effective dose is 0,0017 mSv and with consumption about 7 200 grams is 0,018 mSv. The result is - effective dose values are not of great significance, contamination of hunting game meat by Cs-137 is
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The folk healing in memoirs and living presence of resettled compatriots from the former Soviet Union
Beranská, Veronika ; Uherek, Zdeněk (advisor) ; Štěpánová, Irena (referee) ; Moravcová, Mirjam (referee)
The work builds on the scientific production on the theme of the resettled Czechs from areas of the former Soviet Union, which is continued treated on the soil of the Institute of Ethnology of the CAS, v.v.i., and introduces the latest conducted grant project, in which I focused on the area of health and folk medicine. The text deals with a specific group of the Czech populations predominantly from Ukraine and Kazakhstan (partially also Belarus and Russia), whose ancestors set out in the second half of the 19th century to seek a better living in the direction to the east from the borders of then Austro-Hungary. Through the use of commemorative narrations and life trajectories of the participating actors, the work maps the background of the arrival in new destinations, life in the 20th century, the change of the political and social conditions and the subsequent remigration to the Czech Republic. With a few exceptions, all of the actors figuring in this work became part of the resettlement processes - in the case of the Volyn Czechs after World War II in 1947 within the controlled exchange of the populations and in the case of the Chernobyl Czechs (and partially also some of the Czechs from Belarus and Russia) in the 1990s within the state-controlled resettlement after the accident at the Chernobyl...
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The impact of the nuclear accident at Chernobyl on the environment
Dvořáková, Markéta ; Braniš, Martin (referee) ; Přibil, Rudolf (advisor)
Modern civilization is dependent on the production of energy. But there are only two energy sources that can cover our energy needs: the energy produced by burning fossil fuels and the energy produced by nuclear fission. People are afraid of nuclear accidents and storage of radioactive waste in relation with the use of nuclear energy. My work focuses on the risk of a nuclear accident, which is demonstrated on the Chernobyl nuclear accident. There were obsolete types of nuclear reactors at Chernobyl. The staff, which serviced the power plant, was inadequately prepared for the experiment. A lot of radionuclides released into atmosphere after the explosion at Chernobyl. They affected mainly the near area from the power plant. There was announced the thirty kilometers large Zone of Alienation. My work deals with the consequences of the accident at Chernobyl for environment - health effects for people and the exposure to animals and plants in the near but also in farther area from the Chernobyl nuclear power plant.
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Knowledge of population in a selected region about the Chernobyl Nuclear Power Plant accident consequences
PRAŽÁK, Marek
The Chernobyl nuclear disaster of April 26, 1986 is the worst nuclear accident in the history of mankind. An experiment conducted in the 4th reactor resulted in its explosion and a huge amount of radionuclides escaped into the environment in the course of the subsequent fire. The greater part of Europe was contaminated by radioactive fallout, including the former Czechoslovak Socialist Republic. From a health point of view, the most harmful radioactive substances causing radioactive contamination were caesium 137Cs and iodine 131I. The then government did not provide objective and true information to the citizens and the media depicted the disaster as an insignificant incident. I set the following goals of my thesis: a) to develop an overview of immediate and especially long-term consequences of the accident; b) to analyse the knowledge of the population of the South Bohemian Region of the consequences of the Chernobyl disaster depending on the age of respondents. For fulfilling the set goals, I set myself the following hypotheses: H1) the theoretical division of the population's knowledge will be normal; H2) the knowledge of persons over 45 years of age will statistically be significantly higher than that of younger people. I handled the given theme using available specialized literature, Internet sources and publications published by relevant institutions. In the introductory part I describe the construction of the power plant, basic technical parameters of the reactor used and the course and causes of the actual accident. The next section is focused on the consequences of the accident in individual time periods immediately, after 10 years and after 20 years. I devote myself both to influences on human lives and health and to environmental, social, economic and psychological consequences. Furthermore,I describe the situation in former Czechoslovakia and the way of informing the population by the then government. The last section of the theoretical part is dedicated to the present situation in the Chernobyl region and at the power plant itself. While compiling the research part of the thesis, I gathered data among the inhabitants of the South Bohemian Region through questionnaire investigation. I addressed a total of 280 respondents, of which 140 were under 45 years of age and 140 were over 45 years of age. The questionnaire contained 15 questions concerning basic, not professional knowledge in this area. For the purposes of my questionnaire investigation, I divided the South Bohemian Region into districts. The selection of individual towns within the framework of the questionnaire investigation was carried out at random, by drawing lots. 280 questionnaires were completed in all, of which 140 questionnaires were completed by respondents under 45 and 140 questionnaires were completed by respondents over 45. By drawing lots, I selected 100 questionnaires out of these completed questionnaires, each age group being included. The test of the set hypotheses and statistical evaluation are carried out using descriptive and mathematical statistics. I carried out statistical evaluation by testing normality, using X2-good agreement test. I mutually compared the knowledge of the groups monitored by testing using a two-sample t-test, based on the estimate of empirical parameters from each group. Based on statistical investigation I came to the conclusion that the division of the population's theoretical knowledge was normal, which confirms the first hypothesis. The results of the investigation also unambiguously confirmed the fact that the knowledge of the population over 45 years of age was statistically significantly higher than the knowledge of the younger group of respondents. As far as total evaluation is concerned, the average value of correct answers in case of the older group of respondents reached 71%, while the younger group showed just 44% of correct answers, which confirms the second se hypothesis.
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