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Environmental health of people as a result of a power outage
JIRÁŇOVÁ, Petra
Nowadays none of us can imagine world without electricity, we need it in everyday life. Perhaps that is why we can't imagine what could happen in case of power failure on larger area of Czech Republic. What else consequences it could cause, in particular on our health, or lives. Thesis focuses on finding, if large power failure impacts our lives or health. Immediate impact after beginning of blackout we already know, but we need to find out, what consequences could come after several days. The purpose of thesis is to find out environmental impact of power failure on health of population. I decided to research in section of drinking water and wastewater, from view of epidemiologist of regional hospital, doctor from KHS Český Krumlov and clerk of crisis department ORP Český Krumlov. To meet the goal of thesis, there was created analysis of research of several power outs, which happened in various states all over the world. Other part presents interviews with experts and evaluation of their answers, by which reached the goal of thesis. The research question, of an impact of large power failure on health and lives, we could answer, that the most serious impact it would have on people who had to be accommodated in spare accommodation facilities. They would be endangered by alimentary, infection and respiratory diseases. Concerning drinking water and wastewater, the large impact on human health wasn't detected.
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Assessment of preparedness of the zoo in case of electric power outage
KUCHYŇKOVÁ, Ivana
The theoretical part of the bachelor thesis was focused on the analysis of expert information sources, this section consists of several chapters dealing with the energy, infrastructure, blackout and the zoo. The aim of this thesis titled Assessment of preparedness of the zoo in case of electric power outage is to assess the readiness of Hluboka nad Vltavou zoo in South Bohemia for a possible power outage. To get the data, a quantitative research was used through structured interviews with the staff of the zoo, the questions in the interview were aimed at finding the functioning of the zoo during a power outage. A SWOT analysis helped with the evaluation of interviews to identify strengths, weaknesses, opportunities and threats related to the readiness of South Bohemia zoo Hluboka nad Vltavou for a possible elektricity outage. The results show that the South Bohemian Hluboka nad Vltavou zoo is not ready for the electricity outage. This situation has not occured yet here and the zoo employees do not know how to behave in such a situation. The results revealed several problems related to fencing, alternative sources of electricity, the pavilion Matamata, manual control of power generators, lack of fuel, overload of power generators, alternative sources of electricity, position and qualification of employees. To increase readiness of South Bohemian Hluboka nad Vltavou zoo for the electricity outage, I would recommend the purchase of additional supplies of electric energy, to purchase of their own power source and to create a procedure in case of power outage.
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The Potential of Cyber Threats in the Critical Energy Infrastructure
Starý, Jan ; Schmidt, Nikola (advisor) ; Karásek, Tomáš (referee)
Diploma thesis analyses the potential of Cyber Threats towards critical energy infrastructure in terms of network theories originating in graph theories, complex networks and technological possibilities how to compromise security of networks belonging to critical infrastructure. By the analysis of defined dependent and independent variables the author finds out how networks behave under which circumstances, what means exist in the field of network security and if adopted measures to increase security are in accordance with the effort of creation safe and decentralized system of critical energy infrastructure. Main emphasis is put on the concept of smart grids as possible solution of decentralization. In these terms technical means of security are studied especially with emphasis on SCADA (Supervisory Control And Data Acquisition) systems and the Internet as one of the essential component of communication in modern communication technologies.
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The heat dissipation efficiency of the steam generator Dukovany at low water levels
Veselý, Jakub ; Šnajdárek, Ladislav (referee) ; Pospíšil, Jiří (advisor)
The goal of this thesis is to simulate the course of events during Dukovany Nuclear Power Plant blackout and to determine the optimal process of cooling down the cold branches of the primary circuit loops to secure the maximum amount of the primary fuel needed for the residual heat outlet so that the operating staff has as much time as possible for renewing the electric power supply. The first part of the thesis describes nuclear power plants built in the Czech Republic and in the world as well as reactor blocks whose construction is being considered. The detailed description of Dukovany’s steam generator is shared in chapter three. Following chapter summarizes blackouts that occurred at power plants around the world, events that might have led to blackouts in the Czech Republic, and it also describes current approach to blackout problematics at Dukovany Nuclear Power Plant. Chapters six and seven contain the core of the thesis. That includes detailed description of a mathematical model explaining the behaviour of a reactor block during blackout as well as the analysis of the results found.
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An effect of natural phenomena on electrical devices
Müller, Michal ; Aubrecht, Vladimír (referee) ; Bušov, Bohuslav (advisor)
The Thesis deals with the impact of natural effects on electrical equipment. It describes the various natural effects and shows how it impacts, what it impacts on and what the source of its impact is. The main point of this Thesis is the issue of atmospheric charge (storm and lightning) and the issue of coronal mass ejection (CME). The Thesis shows causally consequences string of geomagnetical field disturbances and resultant power system impacts. There are mentioned historic storm events and power system impacts and description of events in Hydro-Quebec – the most important event. Of this species. At the end there are shows possible way of mitigation power system impacts.
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Nuclear Power Plant Dukovany Tasks within an Electricity Grid of the Czech Republic
Prokop, Ondřej ; Řež,, Martina Malá, Centrum výzkumu (referee) ; Katovský, Karel (advisor)
The aim of the Bachelor’s thesis is to describe the role of The Nuclear Power Plant Dukovany (Dukovany NPP) in the Czech electricity grid. Increasing of the production of electricity from renewable energy sources in the electricity grid causes more frequently compliance of N-1 criterion and it decrease the reliability of the electricity grid. The risk of Blackout increases, which would cause large economic losses and danger to the life of human beings. Therefore, reliable, good controllable and safety sources of electricity are very important. The first part of the thesis describes the role of Dukovany NPP in the process of regulation of basic electrical parameters during the normal operation of electricity grid. The second part of the thesis deals with states and the function of Dukovany NPP after full or partial disintegration of the electricity grid. Final part analyzes the importance of Dukovany NPP in Czech electricity grid and future development Dukovany NPP with possibility of the construction of new nuclear units after the end of the operation in 2035. The Dukovany NPP is an important regulator of the reactive power. There isn’t other power plant in the southeastern part of the Czech Republic, which could significantly control reactive power. The power from Dukovany NPP, which is provided on ancillary services controlling the real power and frequency has been increasing in recent years. This is due to the increasing production of renewable sources. Units switch to island operation after partial disintegration of electricity grid. If frequency exceeds the limit, the units will switch to it is own consumption. In this stage of operation at own consumption can Dukovany NPP operated without the time limit. Dukovany NPP may participate in restoring the electricity grid, based on dispatch control instruct. If switching to own consumption is not successful and back up sources and emergency’s dieselgenerator are unavailable, the power supply has to be restored as soon as possible. There are six independent solutions to restore the power supply. Next option of restore power supply will be the AAC network after the completion of construction in 2014. The AAC network will be resistant to the extreme weather and will be place it in the area of the power station, thereby Dukovany NPP will be more independent on external network.
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Starting the electricity system from the dark with the help of EDU
Puchnar, Jiří ; Fejta, Libor (referee) ; Mastný, Petr (advisor)
This bachelor thesis aims to introduce the reader Blackout exercise, which is run annually on nuclear power plant Dukovany. This exercise simulates a situation when there is a loss of power for own consumption and the steps leading to its recovery. Then it focuses how to troubleshoot electrical grid restoration of the Czech Republic with NPPD. This bachelor thesis is divided into two parts. The first part defines the term Blackout, described the involvement of power plant to national grid, output to a substation Slavětice and near power sources. NPPD appliances are divided into categories according to the importance of power. Their classification and ways of feeding during normal operation and for other situations are described in the third chapter of this work. In my work I present options and recovery routes after power failure for own consumption NPPD. Internal and external. The lack of power can cause the risks described in the fifth chapter. At the end of the first part is an example of one possible method to restore power from an external source. The second part focuses on the renewal of electrical grid with NPPD. It aims to describe the configuration of the transmission system, using of island operation and some specific features related to island operation. In this section, I present also some new possibilities for increase of durability and safety of electrical grid CR NPPD. The conclusion summarizes the meaning of Blackout exercise together with the benefits of this work and some recommendations.
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Electricity blackout study with regard to the nuclear power plant Dukovany
Žák, Jiří ; Fejta, Libor (referee) ; Radil, Lukáš (advisor)
The entire diploma thesis analyses causes, consequences and repercussions of an electricity grid network blackout and its impact to the respective consumers. Remarkable blackouts recorded since 1965 are briefly described and basic available information is considered. The grid standard fixing measures and electricity delivery priorities are characterized. The thesis also pays attention to entire Czech Republic grid availability and its blackout endurance as well as to its robustness within last several years. Indirect Fukushima event influence to the Czech Republic electricity system is mentioned. The main part of the thesis comprises of four big European grid blackouts causes and consequences, their comparison to each other and to the Dukovany nuclear power plant grid blackout drill scenario. The preventive and standard corrective measures against blackouts are pointed out.
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The voltage restoration in Prostějov and Zlín distribution area
Wasserbauer, Vojtěch ; Vaculík, Petr (referee) ; Toman, Petr (advisor)
The aim of this thesis is description of critical situations in the electrical grid and the consequences which can be caused by these situations. Further possibilities of voltage recovery and ways how to reach the needed voltage are described. Another part is firstly about regulation electrical system and resources which are connected to this system. Secondly there is appraisal of possibility of connection new resource into distribution system 110 kV and conditions of connection new resources. The result of the thesis is description voltage recovery and the rules which have to be kept during critical situations.
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Domino effects in the critical infrastructure
KUBELKA, Václav
The title of thesis is Domino effects in critical infrastructure and sets the objective to analyse the interaction between the representatives of individual critical infrastructure sectors. In case of failure in one sector, which would cause a domino effect and subsequently limited functionality or a failure in other sectors, the consequences for the population and the entire affected area would be enormous. This reason, as well as general topicality of this problem led me to focus my thesis on the area of critical infrastructure. Probably the most feared is power failure, which currently occurs very often and sometimes affects areas larger than cities, regions, and even states. Fortunately, all infrastructure representatives are usually best prepared for this kind of failure, and therefore its start and a short-term effect have practically no significant impact on their normal functioning. But for longer exposure exact consequences cannot be estimated because it depends on specific circumstances around individual representatives. The thesis is divided into several parts. The theoretical part, which is further subdivided, includes three chapters concerning critical infrastructure. The chapter setting the fundamental terms, which are used further in the thesis, enables to understand the inclusion of critical infrastructure. The historical development of the critical infrastructure and its position from the point of view of the European Union and also of the Czech Republic is also mentioned in the theoretical part. Finally, there are itemized and characterized individual critical infrastructure sectors. Very important questions dealing witch the protection of the critical infrastructure are discussed at the end of the theoretical part. It is important components involved in it are mentioned there, as well as various procedures supporting the effectivity, according to several publications. The practical part is also divided into chapters. The first part concerns interviews with specialists representing each sector of the critical infrastructure. Each of these representatives was asked about the effect of possible failures in other sectors that may arise in these situations. The question is whether the sectors tend to be influenced and thus to cause a domino effect, which could even result in the collapse of the companies represented by them. These interviews are then written in an adapted form. To see the interview data more easily, they are processed into tables according to the individual sectors of critical infrastructure and then commented.
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