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Inhalers and nebulizers for medical use: their principles, reliability, and operating parameters
Mišík, Ondrej ; Tuhovčák, Ján (referee) ; Lízal, František (advisor)
An issue of inhalation therapy is a complex topic, actively discussed in last decades, and its progress in various scientific fields is more than required. First part of this thesis brings a theoretical introduction into principles of aerosol therapy and into the requirements resulting from them. Commonly available technologies of inhalers and nebulisers for medical usage, parameters that determinate their effectivity are briefly described. Usage mistakes influencing the effectivity of inhalation are discussed, as well. Second part deals with experimental measurements of aerosol that selected inhalers generate. It also describes difficulties connected with the methods of these measurements, with sampling and following analyses. Gained results are compared with an available literature.
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The use of greywater and rainwater for public facilities
Korytář, Ivo ; Raček, Jakub (referee) ; Raclavský, Jaroslav (advisor)
This paper analyzes the usage of grey and rain water in civic amenities. Its main goal is to assess the advantages and disadvantages of the grey and rain water and to dissect the problematic of rain water quality. In order to reach its goal, the current paper will analyze the already applied system of using grey water, specifically in the case of MOSAIC HOUSE in Prague, which was the first in the Czech Republic and second in the world to use grey water for heat purposes. In conclusion, this Bachelor’s paper presents one object of civic amenities, specifically the guesthouse U Cerneho psa in Cesky Krumlov, with the proposal of grey water purifier by ASIO s.r.o. and grey water seepage object from the same company together with a projected balance sheet.
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Numerical model of inhalation
Milanovic, Selena ; Zezulka, František (referee) ; Sekora, Jiří (advisor)
Evropská legislativa požaduje snížení počtu zvířat zapojených do laboratorních testů. Současně je známo velmi málo o sekundárních účincích plynných látek (např. Deodorantů, čisticích sprejů) používaných denně v každé domácnosti. Na základě těchto potřeb byla provedena analýza transportu a reziduí částic v dýchacích cestách. Studie byla provedena ve dvou částech: teoretická část - simulace CFD, praktická část ověření. Experimentální část výzkumu je založen na modulu simulátoru plic i-Lung. Modul může být použit i jako pasivní i aktivní simulátor plic.
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Application of Polymeric Hollow-Fiber Membranes in Air Filtration
Bulejko, Pavel ; Dohnal, Mirko (referee) ; Friess, Karel (referee) ; Svěrák, Tomáš (advisor)
Membrány z dutých vláken jsou široce využívány v aplikacích týkajících se úpravy kapalin jako např. při čištění odpadních vod, v membránových kontaktorech a bioreaktorech, membránové destilaci apod. I když jsou často využívány při separacích směsí plynů, je jejich použití pro mechanickou filtraci aerosolů velmi vzácné. Tato práce se zabývá filtrací vzduchu pomocí polypropylenových membrán z dutých vláken včetně jejich filtrační účinnosti, tlakových ztrát a také zanášením při dlouhodobé filtraci. Filtrační účinnost byla proměřena za použití různých aerosolů jako TiO2 a síran amonný. Tlakové ztráty byly měřeny při různých konfiguracích, tj. různé filtrační ploše a průměru vlákna membrány. Zanášení membrán bylo testováno použitím normovaného prachu definovaného normou ANSI/ASHRAE 52.2. Predikční modely pro filtrační účinnost a permeabilitu/tlakovou ztrátu membrány byly aplikovány na parametry membrán z dutých vláken a porovnány. Tyto membrány mají velikost pórů kolem 90 nm a poměrně nízkou porositu a tím vysoký potenciál pro separaci nanočástic ze vzduchu. Dále byla provedena analýza filtračního koláče a vyhodnocení energetických nároků a porovnány s teoretickými modely. V závěru práce je nastíněn odhad ceny životního cyklu při filtraci pomocí těchto membrán.
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Use of fluorescent techniques in study of aerosol deposition
Lippay, Josef ; Jedelský, Jan (referee) ; Mravec, Filip (advisor)
Several experiments were designed for utilization of fluorescence spectroscopy as a method of aerosol particle detection in a model of lungs. One of the experiments was to arranged use luminescent properties of DEHS (bis(2-ethylhexyl)decandioate) for calculating aerosol deposition. The outcome of this experiment was confirmation of clusters existence, which causes luminescence of DEHS. But the luminescence is not enough dependent on concentration and as such is not suitable for calculation of aerosol deposition. As the next experiment DEHS-fluorescein particles were generated by condensation monodisperse aerosol generator (CMAG), where water was used instead of isopropyl alcohol as a solvent. By this alteration the negative influence of DEHS was eliminated, which caused results refinements of aerosol deposition. Generation of fluorescein sodium salt particles by small-scale powder disperser (SSPD) was designed as a last experiment. The lower deposition efficiency measured by this method was caused by particles polydispersion. Photo records were used for documentation of Hot-spots. Outcomes of this study are new knowledge of fluorescence spectroscopy utilization for study of aerosol deposition and possibilities of fluorescent aerosol particles generation. Acquired data can serve for knowledge extension of possible detection methods for aerosol particles in the model of lung and can serve for validation of numerical simulations.
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Electronic cigarettes - comparison of emitted particles
Buřil, Lukáš ; Elcner, Jakub (referee) ; Lízal, František (advisor)
This bachelor’s thesis focuses on the research and comparision of 3 electronic cigarretes with regard to emitted particles. The Subject of experiments was a small electronic cigarette cig-a-like, a common electronic cigarette GoTech eGo Ce4 and a higher class electronic cigarette iSmoka eLeaf iJust 2. For the purposes of this work an experimental track was constructed in the Laboratory of Aerosol Research at BUT FME. Emitted particles of cigarettes mentioned above were measured on this track by Lighthouse SOLAIR 3100 and TSI SMPS 3936. The aim of this thesis is to compare different types of electronic cigarettes.
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Experimental Research on Aerosol Transport and Deposition in a Human Respiratory Tract
Lízal, František ; Janotková, Eva (referee) ; Adamec, Vladimír (referee) ; Jícha, Miroslav (advisor)
Human health is significantly influenced by inhaled aerosols. Insight to the aerosol transport and deposition mechanisms is a prerequisite for both, toxicological protection against harmful particles and efficient application of inhaled therapeutic aerosols. The purpose of this doctoral thesis was to gain new knowledge of this topic on the basis of in vitro measurements. Phase-Doppler Anemometry was chosen for aerosol transport measurement, for it allows simultaneous measurement of particle size and velocity. Results were processed by means of statistical methods and frequency analysis. Deposition of spherical aerosol particles was measured by Positron Emission Tomography, while deposition of fibrous aerosol was measured by Phase-Contrast Microscopy combined with automated image analysis. All experiments were performed on physical models created on the basis of the real lung geometry. New knowledge of flow characteristics, transition from laminar to turbulent flow, effect of breathing pattern or particle size on aerosol transport and deposition in human lungs are outcomes of this work. Significant effect of the oral cavity was ascertained due to comparison of aerosol deposition in realistic and semi-realistic model with cylindrical smooth walls. Acquired data not merely extended our knowledge of aerosol behavior in lungs but it can also be used for validation of numerical simulations.
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Fluorescenec spectroscopy in study of aerosol-forming substances
Lippay, Josef ; Jedelský, Jan (referee) ; Mravec, Filip (advisor)
To study the spectral characteristics of a substance DEHS several experiments were suggested. Closer investigation was made on study of the effect of different environments on the spectral properties of the substance DEHS. It was found that the highest positive effect on the fluorescence of the substance DEHS have a medium with hydroxyl groups. IPA was evaluated as the best medium for further experiments. It was found that the medium xylene decreases intensity of the fluorescence to the detection limit. Spectral characterization of the nondegraded and degraded DEHS was performed. It was found that for the degraded DEHS shift to higher wavelengths occurs due to degradation. Possible contamination of the DEHS with substances causing luminescence has not been proven.
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Analysis of inhaled particles deposition in a model of human lungs
Miček, Adam ; Bělka, Miloslav (referee) ; Lízal, František (advisor)
Správne pochopenie depozície aerosólu a jeho správania v dýchacích cestách človeka je nevyhnutné pre zabezpečenie efektívneho podávania medikamentov a ochranu zdravia. Táto bakalárska práca analyzuje usadzovanie 1 µm častíc, v realistickom a idealizovanom modely pľúc na základe dát získaných pozitrónovou emisnou tomografiou (PET) a počítačovou tomografiou (CT). Dáta z PET a CT skenerov boli nahrané do softvéru Carimas 2.0, ktorý bol použitý na získanie hodnôt objemovej rádioaktivity. Získané hodnoty boli skorigované a následne boli vypočítané depozičné charakteristiky. Výsledky boli okomentované a porovnané s predchádzajúcimi štúdiami. Vhodnosť spôsobu analýzy a výpočtov bola kontrolovaná opakovanou analýzou dát a taktiež zopakovaním celého postupu analýzy nezávislou zaškolenou osobou, čím bola potvrdená stabilita a vhodnosť tejto metódy. Popísaný postup môže slúžiť ako podpora pri spracovávaní PET a CT skenov v programe Carimas. Podrobné informácie o depozícii a niekoľko depozičných charakteristík môžu slúžiť pre porovnania s budúcimi štúdiami, experimentmi alebo môžu byť použité pri validácii dát pre počítačom modelovanú depozíciu. Na základe výsledkov môžeme tvrdiť, že hlavným depozičným mechanizmom pre realistický model pľúc je zotrvačný mechanizmus a zmena prietoku aerosólu idealizovaným modelom má len veľmi malý vplyv na depozíciu.
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