|
|
Mmultidisciplinary care with the focus on speech and swallowing disorders provided to patients with amyotrophic lateral sclerosis
Černá, Adéla ; Klenková, Jiřina (advisor) ; Horynová, Jana (referee)
The diploma thesis is focused on the issue of acquired dysarthric and swallowing disorders in amyotrophic lateral sclerosis and on multidisciplinary care provided to patients with this disease. Theoretical part of the thesis is divided into three chapters. The introductory chapter presents a summary of current knowledge about amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS). The following two chapters are dedicated to dysarthria and dysphagia and their specifics in ALS. The practical part of the diploma thesis is represented by the fourth chapter which incorporates a research survey focused on multidisciplinary care provided to patients with ALS. The primary aim of the research is to evaluate the multidisciplinary care provided to two selected patients with ALS with a focus on speech and swallowing disorders. The secondary objectives of the research relate to the evaluation of the extent of acquired dysarthric and swallowing disorders of these patients, providing a comprehensive overview of the course and content of the provided care and gathering information to create information brochure for patients with ALS and caregivers. The research approach to achieve the determined objectives of the research survey is creation of case studies using qualitative methods of data collection, which is a structured interview...
|
|
|
Use of yoga in physical therapy in patients with amyotrophic lateral sclerosis
Fragnerová, Marie ; Šebek, Milan (advisor) ; Pudilová, Veronika (referee)
OF BACHELOR THESIS Title: Use of yoga in physical therapy in patients with amyotrophic lateral sclerosis Abstract This bachelor thesis is focused on the use of yoga in physical therapy in patients with amyotrophic lateral sclerosis. In the theoretical part the anatomy and physiology of the upper and lower motor neuron is explained as well as the symptoms of their lesion. Next, the problematics of amyotrophic lateral sclerosis is covered. Epidemiology, etiology, symptoms and different types of ALS are explained along with the description of each stage and the possible care in each of them. The second part of the theory covers yoga, most importantly yoga breathing, the importance of it and different types of techniques. Next, the execution of the asanas and their kinesiology are described. This thesis also covers the influence of yoga on mental and physical health, but also on the health condition of an ALS patient. Practical part contains a handbook made for the purpose of this bachelor thesis. There are 4 yoga breathing techniques and 8 yoga positions that were chosen to improve breathing. This handbook was used in therapy of 2 ALS patients. The results from each therapy are part of 2 case reports that are also part of this thesis. Key words Motor neuron disease, ALS, physiotherapy, yoga, yoga breathing
|
|
|
Glial cells and their role in amyotrophic lateral sclerosis
Vaňátko, Ondřej ; Anděrová, Miroslava (advisor) ; Černý, Jan (referee)
Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS, also known as Lou Gehrig's disease) is a progressive neurodegenerative disorder. It affects upper and lower motor neurons in the brain motor cortex, the brain stem and the spinal cord, causing their death, which results in denervation of voluntary muscles. Progressive muscle weakness and atrophy throughout the entire body gradually leads to worsening of the ability to move, speak, chew, swallow and eventually breath. Ultimately it results in affected individual's death due to respiratory muscle failure. Although first identified in 1869, no cure for ALS has been yet found. While early studies focused mainly on the research of motor neurons themselves, the attention has shifted towards glial cells in the past two decades. Glial cells are essential for proper neuron functioning and survival and it appears that they play a major role in ALS progression. The goal of this thesis is to review and summarize findings on the role of glial cells in ALS over the last years, focusing on four specific types of glial cells, namely astrocytes, microglia, oligodendrocytes and NG2-glia. Key words: amyotrophic lateral sclerosis, ALS, motor neuron, glia, astrocyte, microglia, oligodendrocyte, NG2-glia
|
|
|
The use of induced pluripotent stem cells in the treatment of spinal cord injury and ALS.
Gajdoš, Roman ; Jendelová, Pavla (advisor) ; Vargová, Lýdia (referee)
Induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs) have become a new phenomenon of regenerative medicine. It is obvious that they share some common characteristics with embryonic stem cells (ESCs) such as stemness potential, self-renewal p., differentiation p. iPSCs retain their epigenetic memory, allowing becoming patient-specific and so it is not necessary to apply immunosuppressants. The use of ESCs is controversial, because their acquisition is associated with embryo destruction. As a cell source for iPSCs derivation we can use any somatic cells, however, fibroblasts are preferably used due to their easy availability. With transcriptional reprogramming cocktail (OCT4, SOX2, KLF4, c- MYC / OCT4, SOX2, NANOG, LIN28) we can obtain required iPSCs line, which is then further differentiated into neural precursors (NPCs). These cells can be grafted into lesion site, where they can facilitate regeneration by several mechanisms (cell replacement, protective effect, facilitation the expression of trophic factors). Nevertheless, here we are still dealing with the risk of tumorogenesis or low cell derivation efficiency that limits the use of iPSCs in clinical practice. In this thesis we will therefore mainly focus on the therapeutic potential of iPSCs in preclinical studies, their use in the treatment of...
|
|
|
Application of Diffusion Tensor Imaging to Brain Gray and White Marker
Rulseh, Aaron Michael ; Vymazal, Josef (advisor) ; Hluštík, Petr (referee) ; Hájek, Milan (referee)
Application of Diffusion Tensor Imaging to Brain Gray and White Ma er A In the present work we explore the gray and white ma er applicability of diffusion tensor imaging (DTI). To evaluate effect of ferritin-bound iron on gray ma er contrast in DTI, we created an in vitro model consisting of agarose gel phantoms doped with ferritin, and validated our results in vivo on healthy volunteer subjects - years of age in the basal ganglia. We further explored the application of DTI to amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) and multiple system atrophy (MSA); neurodegenerative diseases with gray and white ma er pathophysiological components. In the ALS study, patients and age- and sex-matched controls were recruited, while the MSA study included probable MSA subjects ( MSA-P, MSA-C) and age- and sex-matched controls. We found that ferritin-bound iron may make a signi cant contribution to DTI scalars in gray ma er regions of the brain, mediated by eigenvalue repulsion. is has important implications for DTI studies targeting gray ma er regions, especially in adolescence and in diseases associated with altered brain-iron load. In ALS, we found altered diffusion in the corona radiata and callosal body, and changes in R in the caudate nucleus and frontal white ma er. In MSA, we observed widespread white ma er changes associated...
|
|
|
Modelovanie ochorenia a štúdium regeneračných procesov v Huntingtonovej chorobe a ALS in vivo
Hruška-Plocháň, Marián
Neurological disorders affect more than 14% of the population worldwide and together with traumatic brain and spinal cord injuries represent major health, public and economic burden of the society. Incidence of inherited and idiopathic neurodegenerative disorders and acute CNS injuries is growing globally while neuroscience society is being challenged by numerous unanswered questions. Therefore, research of the CNS disorders is essential. Since animal models of the CNS diseases and injuries represent the key step in the conversion of the basic research to the clinics, we focused our work on generation of new animal models and on their use in pre-clinical research. We generated and characterized transgenic minipig model of Huntington's disease (HD) which represents the only successful establishment of a transgenic model of HD in minipig which should be valuable for testing of long term safety of HD therapeutics. Next, we crossed the well characterized R6/2 mouse HD model with the gad mouse model which lacks the expression of UCHL1 which led to results that support the theory of "protective" role of mutant huntingtin aggregates and suggest that UCHL1 function(s) may be affected in HD disturbing certain branches of Ubiquitin Proteasome System. Traumatic spinal cord injury and Amyotrophic Lateral...
|
|
|
Huntington's disease modeling and stem cell therapy in spinal cord disorders and injury
Hruška-Plocháň, Marián ; Motlík, Jan (advisor) ; Bjarkam, Carsten (referee) ; Roth, Jan (referee)
Neurological disorders affect more than 14% of the population worldwide and together with traumatic brain and spinal cord injuries represent major health, public and economic burden of the society. Incidence of inherited and idiopathic neurodegenerative disorders and acute CNS injuries is growing globally while neuroscience society is being challenged by numerous unanswered questions. Therefore, research of the CNS disorders is essential. Since animal models of the CNS diseases and injuries represent the key step in the conversion of the basic research to the clinics, we focused our work on generation of new animal models and on their use in pre-clinical research. We generated and characterized transgenic minipig model of Huntington's disease (HD) which represents the only successful establishment of a transgenic model of HD in minipig which should be valuable for testing of long term safety of HD therapeutics. Next, we crossed the well characterized R6/2 mouse HD model with the gad mouse model which lacks the expression of UCHL1 which led to results that support the theory of "protective" role of mutant huntingtin aggregates and suggest that UCHL1 function(s) may be affected in HD disturbing certain branches of Ubiquitin Proteasome System. Traumatic spinal cord injury and Amyotrophic Lateral...
|
|
|
Implementing Application Lifecycle Management system for non-software projects usage in Audatex Systems s.r.o.
Hlobil, Lukáš ; Bruckner, Tomáš (advisor) ; Revák, Milan (referee)
This thesis describes implementation process of issue tracking systém in company Audatex Systems s.r.o. An analysis of company's processes has been performed and ideal state after implementation is proposed. The implemented system is going to be used not only for software defect tracking, but also for company's other needs like project management and internal communication. Output of company's analysis is a list of requirements for said system and a tender is performed -- along with setting up of test environments. Process of implementation and configuration is described along with experience from implementation proces. Each of shotlisted applications is configured for company's specific needs and is evaluated with an evaluation systém, that has been created for this specific tender. Situation after implementation is descibed in conclusion of this thesis. Main benefit of this thesis lies in comparision of applications and presenting their configurations for company's needs. Two free solutions are compared along with a comercial one. In conclusion this thesis answers a question, whether a comercial solution is really needed for this specific case.
|
|
|
The Philosophy of Using Technology in Your Car Emergency Medical Services
GOLDMAN, Lukáš
Abstract The philosophy of usage technology in an emergency medical services car The bachelor thesis deals with the philosophy of health care by means of a historical view of development of medical technology used now and in the past by emergency medical crews for resuscitation of seemingly dead persons. Significant changes occurred in the past 50 years in the philosophical concept of lifesaving, not only in the earlier mentioned pre-hospitalization emergency care but also in the development of hospital emergency beds used for stabilization of basic life functions. The concept is a legacy of Peter Safar, MD, American physician of the Czech origin. The today´s mainstream philosophy of functioning of medical emergency services is based on his ideas; this applies not only for the American continent where he introduced his methodology but also for Europe. The progress in medicine and technology go forward together, hand in hand. The objective of the bachelor thesis was to define possibilities of technology used in pre-hospitalization care, particularly for lifesaving interventions to stabilize basic vital functions, and to identify new possibilities of technical equipment in emergency ambulances in the surveyed region of South Bohemia. The research part reviewed opinions of employees of the medical emergency service of the South Bohemian region (Zdravotnická záchranná služba Jihočeského kraje) working at all levels in the organization about the philosophy of technology used by today´s emergency medical crews in their everyday action. The method used for the research was a semi-structured interview and the respondents answered 11 questions while the interviews were audio recorded. Before the research started we had developed three research questions. They concerned usability of the technology, its availability and compliance with legislative requirements for the given activity. The 7 respondents were members of emergency medical crews working at different levels, with varied lengths of professional experience and qualification. The objectives of the thesis have been fulfilled and the results have been as follows. Members of emergency medical crews are satisfied with the technical equipment they have and they believe that the standard of the technology is very high and on par with that in other developed countries in Europe. The technology makes their work easier and in the pre-hospitalization care, from the viewpoint of performance of their professions, the technology helps them to determine a working diagnose. During the research the respondents indicated the need to equip the ambulances with a transport aid, the so-called stair-climbing device. Some of the respondents have the aid available in the ambulances but some crews do not have it yet or they use a different type which is less convenient for their work. Differences in the equipment of ambulances have been tolerated based on a legislative document under the Czech law. The topic addressed by this thesis is the first material dealing with the issue. Only less than one half of literary sources referred to in this thesis were monographs and the author had to use lectures given by physicians and other healthcare professionals at various conferences. Results of the qualitative research might help to the management of the emergency medical service in the South Bohemian region to improve the working environment of the employees, mainly in the sense of physical demands, and to test the use of a portable sonograph as a part of equipment of medical emergency crews. This idea, which resulted from the research presented in the thesis, might support introduction of the new technology as the standard equipment of ambulances used by emergency medical services, not only in the South Bohemian region but potentially also all over the Czech Republic.
|
guest ::
