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Cross-lingual transfer for the annotation of the SynSemClass ontology
Kašpárek, Petr ; Hajič, Jan (advisor) ; Štěpánek, Jan (referee)
This work compares two approaches to automatic preannotation of semantic class to verbs in a sentence for the purpose of adding a new language to the SynSemClass ontology. Both approaches rely on a multilingual deep learning classification model fine-tuned on already annotated English, Czech and German data of the ontology. The first, more classical, approach is annotation projection. It uses a parallel corpus and the aforementioned model to make predictions on a source language already present in the ontology and projects the predictions onto the target language using automated word alignment. The second approach, zero-shot cross-lingual transfer, assumes that the multilingual properties of the underlying model are sufficient and that we can make reasonable predictions directly on the target language, even though the model was never trained for that specific task on the specific target language. For the purpose of evaluation, we manually build and annotate a small Korean language dataset to test the performance on a language significantly different from English, Czech and German. We conclude that the zero-shot approach performs notably better than the alignment approach (p < 0.005) obtaining 0.54 both in recall and precision, compared to 0.37 and 0.41 in recall and precision respectively of the alignment...
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Testing of the efficacy and toxicity of new potential anthelmintics OMK3 AND OMK4
Žáková, Barbora ; Skálová, Lenka (advisor) ; Szotáková, Barbora (referee)
Charles University Faculty of Pharmacy in Hradec Králové Department of Biochemical sciences Candidate: Bc. Barbora Žáková Supervisor: prof. RNDr. Lenka Skálová, Ph.D. Title of diploma thesis: Testing of the efficacy and toxicity of new potential anthelmintics OMK3 and OMK4 Haemonchus contortus is a parasite of smaller ruminants, mainly sheep and goats. It causes a disease called haemonchosis, the main symptom of which is anemia, whitch can lead to the death of the animal. Anthelmintics are used to treat this disease. However, these drugs have become ineffective due to resistance developing against them. Haemonchosis is thus becoming a significant global problem. Therefore, it is necessary to search for new anthelmintics with a new mechanism of action. In this study, the potential anthelmintic effects of new derivates of benzhydroxamic acide, OMK3 and OMK4, were investigated. The aim of this study was to determine whether these substances have an effect on eggs, larvae and adults of H. contortus, and to compare their effects on sensitive and resistant strains of H. contortus and to test their potential toxicity on sheep livers. For this purpose, eggs, larvae and adults of H. contortus were isolated, precision-cut liver slices from sheep were prepared, and the following tests were used: egg hatch...
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The ways to aestheticize consumption and advertising in three chosen modern novels
Averina, Aleksandra ; Janišová, Míla (advisor) ; Voldřichová - Beránková, Eva (referee)
The aim of this thesis is to analyze the means of aestheticizing consumer society and advertising in three works: Frédéric Beigbeder's "99 Francs," Christophe Léon's "Black Friday," and Gauz's "Debout-payé." This selection of works allows us to see the image of consumption from three different angles. In Beigbeder's work, we find the people who produce advertising, Christophe Leon opens up the world of consumption and purchasing, and in Gauz's "Debout-payé," we see people working "standing up" so that others can consume. The narrator in all the novels attempts to convey the image of consumer society, with each narrator choosing their own social level. Our analysis will be based on Jean Baudrillard's theory of consumption and Umberto Eco's thoughts on mass media and communication. Given the position of this work at the intersection of literature and sociology, one chapter will be dedicated to the literary styles that authors choose to aestheticize or "de-aestheticize" consumption. In the other chapters, we will analyze the social aspect of purchasing in the novels.
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Current comunity aspect of planting houseplants in the Czech republic within and without social media
Vašíčková, Anna ; Janeček, Petr (advisor) ; Košťálová, Petra (referee)
This bachelor thesis deals with houseplant growers in the Czech Republic. Growers acquire houseplants mainly by vegetative propagation (through cuttings) from other members of the community, but they can also buy them from a chain store or specialty shop. Buying houseplants is more of a luxury for ordinary growers. Although houseplantshave been grown in a similar form since the 18th century, interest in them has recently surged again, especially among millennials and Gen-Z.This phenomenon is referred to in the media as the plant boom. Some of them use plant parent to refer to an emotional connection to their plants.This is mutually beneficial forboth the plant and its grower,with both parties providing care for the other. The Covid-19 pandemic has also contributed significantly to this phenomenon, reinforcing the emerging trend. In this thesis, I address the question of whether Czech growers actually meet the definition of the term community and whether they exhibit a sense of community - that is, a sense of belonging to other growers.The research was conducted in both offline and online spaces. I used semi-structured interviews, social media analysis and participant observation. The research did not show the presence of a sense of community, despite the fact that actors are actively engaged in community...
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Myths and rituals associated with the effect of sexual activity on physical performance
Gil, Matyáš ; Štěrbová, Zuzana (advisor) ; Tůma, Daniel (referee)
Superstitions associated with sexual activity in sport are a widespread phenomenon, although they have received very little research attention to date. Studies are fairly consistent in concluding that sexual activities do not have a direct impact on physical aspects of athletic performance such as strength or endurance. Most of the significant hormonal and physiological changes occurring during sexual activities that can potentially affect athletic performance stabilize at basal levels within the lower tens of minutes after completion of sexual activity. Thus, these findings suggest an important role for psychological aspects that may influence the perceived association between sexual and physical activity. The aim of this thesis is to explore the superstitions about sexual activity that are perpetuated in sports folklore (despite the findings of empirical studies). A very interesting phenomenon is the rituals and routines that athletes practice to give their best performance. Current evidence shows that athletes are often highly superstitious, and thus rituals can both help and harm their performance. Possible explanations include the placebo effect, self-fulfilling prophecies, or operant conditioning. The main aim of the research design is to explore rituals associated with sexual activity using...
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Analysis and validation of webcam images in real time
Vlk, Karel ; Macková, Kateřina (advisor) ; Šikudová, Elena (referee)
Nowadays, digital transformation emphasizes the use of webcams as sources of infor- mation about outdoor conditions, primarily due to their wide availability and potential in meteorology. The work focuses on the analysis and validation of real-time webcam images, which is crucial for the automated provision of information about current meteorological events to users worldwide. The main goal of the work is to achieve efficient analysis and validation of images, providing information with maximum accuracy and minimal delay. Within the scope of the work, an introduction to the issue and an overview of existing methods and technologies are presented. The main parts of the work concentrate on selecting methods and approaches for data processing, which are essential for designing an efficient system. The implemented system, based on selected sophisticated machine learning techniques, is designed to excel in real-time data processing and emphasizes achieving maximum efficiency and effectiveness.
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Self-compassion as a personal resource in the context of JD-R theory
Pourová, Alžběta ; Zernerová, Lucie (advisor) ; Cetkovská, Kristýna (referee)
This thesis examines the role of self-compassion, as a personal resource, in the context of job demands and resources (JD-R) theory. In this thesis, self-compassion is conceptualized as a personal resource that can moderate the relationship between job demands and employee psychological health, potentially leading to improved job performance and reduced burnout risk. The empirical part of the thesis uses a quantitative survey in which self-compassion is measured using the Czech version of the Sussex-Oxford Self-Compassion Scale (SOCS-S-CZ). The survey was conducted on workers in an unspecified work sector with a sample size of 152 respondents. The results suggest that higher levels of self-compassion are related to better job performance and greater psychological health, particularly in the context of burnout. The findings contribute to a deeper understanding of the dynamics of self-compassion, as a personal resource, in relation to work demands and provide practical recommendations for organizational practice aimed at developing self-compassion as a key factor for improving the work environment and supporting employees. Key words: self-compassion; job demands and resources theory; job performance; mental health; work engagement
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SPD from the Socio-Cultural Approach to Populism
Luková, Nicole ; Bíba, Jan (advisor) ; Těmín, Kristián (referee)
The thesis analyses the political movement Freedom and Direct Democracy (SPD) in relation to the socio-cultural approach to populism. For this purpose, it uses the characteristic features of the socio-cultural approach defined mainly by P. Ostiguy and other scholars. The author analyses the external communication of Tomio Okamura, the leader of the political movement Freedom and Direct Democracy (SPD), through the podcast Mezi dvěma světy (<Between two worlds=), available on the streaming platforms YouTube and Spotify. In the first part of the thesis, different approaches to populism were presented: ideational, strategic and socio-cultural. The main element of the socio-cultural approach is in particular the role of the charismatic leader. The second part presents the political movement Freedom and Direct Democracy (SPD), followed by the application of the features of the socio-cultural approach to populism through the analysis of the podcast.
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AgentLang - Programming Language for Agent-based Modeling
Boďa, Tomáš ; Petříček, Tomáš (advisor) ; Bednárek, David (referee)
With the increasing popularity of the agent-based simulation technique in various scientific fields, there is a demand for an all-in-one framework for modeling agent-based simulations. Although there are numerous agent-based tools available, these in most cases feature complex syntax and language structures or are aimed to be used in specific domains only. In response this thesis presents a new approach to modeling agent-based simulations by developing a brand new agent-based framework - AgentLang. The frame- work features a programming language with a unified and simple syntax for defining agents and their properties. Moreover, it provides a web-based interface with a spread- sheet module for manipulating agents and their values using the familiar spreadsheet format as well as a visualisation module for rendering the simulation in real-time. These three features of the AgentLang framework aim to introduce a new way to modeling agent-based simulations and attempt to make agent-based modeling more accessible to people of all scientific fields.
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The Lands of Bohemian Crown in the political conception of Wenceslaus IV. Bohemia
Dufková, Tereza ; Bobková, Lenka (advisor) ; Čapský, Martin (referee) ; Holá, Mlada (referee)
The PhD. thesis focuses on one of the partial aspects of the reign of the Bohemian king Wenceslaus IV, namely his rule over the so-called Crown lands of the Bohemian Crown. This perspective has so far remained outside the interest of historians. This thesis aims to assess how the king was able to cope with the extensive inheritance from his ancestors, what governmental strategies he could use to do so, and what problems he had to solve in the crown lands. This perspective has made it possible to provide a comprehensive view of one of the sub-segments of Wenceslaus' reign, which may contribute significantly to its overall evaluation in the future. Several general categories emerged from the analysis (power politics, property and fief affairs, financial policy, economy and trade, ecclesiastical policy, royal administration, and monarchical representation), demonstrating the wide range of the monarch's duties and monarchical possibilities. Based on the research conducted, it is evident that Wenceslaus' policies and exercise of government in the crown lands were in line with those of his predecessors, and the king's manner of rule did not substantially deviate from established practices, which contradicts the traditional image of his reign in the Bohemian lands. The thesis also includes a catalogue of...
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