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Chronotherapy as a new trend in the treatment of hypertension
Pafková, Patrícia ; Sumová, Alena (advisor) ; Alánová, Petra (referee)
Hypertension is still the leading cause of death and cardiovascular morbidity worldwide, but its long-term control remains unsatisfactory. Blood pressure is subject to certain variability during 24 hours, when its values are 10-20% lower at night than during the day. Due to the new knowledge that the circadian rhythm exists in almost all organ systems, interest in chronotherapy as a new trend in treatment is growing. This bachelor's thesis points out the importance of respecting circadian rhythms and includes current knowledge about chronotherapy of hypertension, together with an analysis of its benefits in the treatment of high blood pressure. Keywords: hypertension, circadian rhytm, antihypertensives, chronotherapy, blood pressure
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Horizons of type D black holes
Ovcharenko, Hryhorii ; Podolský, Jiří (advisor) ; Maeda, Hideki (referee)
In this thesis, we investigate the properties of horizons appearing in the most general black-hole electrovacuum solution of algebraic type D. Firstly, we analyze the completely general type D solution, found by Debever, Kamran, and McLenaghan, and show that the only subsolution corresponding to black holes is the Plebanski-Demianski one. Then we demonstrate that all horizons within the Plebanski-Demianski family are regular, mean- ing that all curvature scalars and Riemann tensor components in the proper tetrad are finite. Moreover, we systematically explore the possible degeneracy of horizons within the Plebanski-Demianski class of spacetimes. Despite it being impossible for all four hori- zons to coincide, there are still several configurations of degenerate (extremal) horizons in which there is no thermal radiation from the corresponding black hole. Subsequently, we focus on constructing a set of coordinates that are adapted to freely-falling observers and are regular on the horizon, generalizing thus the Doran coordinates to the Plebanski- Demianski family of spacetimes. We demonstrate that this generalization is not unique, and different approaches are more suitable for different situations. 1
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Separate property regime
Jiroušková, Šarlota ; Elischer, David (advisor) ; Hrádek, Jiří (referee)
56 Separate property regime Abstract The submitted thesis deals with the analysis of the institution of the separate property regime. The aim of the thesis is to elucidate the origin, essence, and limits of the agreement establishing the separate property regime in the context of the legal regulation of Act No. 89/2012 Coll., the Civil Code, including mentioning the significant legal effects of this agreement in enforcement and inheritance proceedings. For a more comprehensive view of the issue, the legal effects of the agreement are also reflected by comparison with the basic effects of the statutory regime in specific life situations. The achievement of the goal is presented in six chapters. The first chapter introduces the concept of marital community property as the starting point of the work, its origin, basic characteristics, and components, including a brief introduction to exceptions establishing a different moment of (potential) creation of the marital community property, with emphasis on the agreement on the separate property regime contract. The second chapter presents the inclusion of the agreement on the separate property regime into the systematics of marital property law in the Civil Code within the contracted regime, alongside the statutory regime and the regime established by a court order....
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Proper Supervision of Minors under Civil Law
Holubec, David ; Šolc, Martin (advisor) ; Janoušková, Anežka (referee)
Proper Supervision of Minors under Civil Law Abstract This thesis deals with tort liability in the legal system of the Czech Republic, specifically cases when supervisors neglect to exercise proper supervision over a minor. The thesis is based on the relevant provisions of Act No. 89/2012 Coll., the Civil Code. From this law, the thesis infers when it is necessary to supervise minors. The thesis summarises that the regime of civil tort liability of the supervisor may arise in cases where the minor acts both as a tortfeasor and as a victim. In addition to the Civil Code, the thesis reflects the relevant provisions of the Charter of Fundamental Rights and Freedoms and the Convention on the Rights of the Child. The thesis also introduces other relevant legislation, especially in the field of administrative law. The focus of the thesis lies in the analysis of decisions of courts in the Czech Republic, which have repeatedly dealt with cases of neglect to exercise proper supervision over a minor in the past. A systematic method is used to classify the individual evaluation criteria of neglect of proper supervision of minors. The work specifies the vague notion of proper supervision in such a way that it should be carried out in an appropriate manner; in recognition of the individuality and interests of the minor;...
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The effect of specific dietary intervention on inflammatory activation of innate immunity in patients with stabilized celiac disease
Selková, Katarína ; Daňková, Pavlína (advisor) ; Černá, Marie (referee)
Introduction: Celiac disease is a complex autoimmune disease induced in genetically predisposed individuals after ingestion of cereals containing gluten. Monocytes, as the main effector cells of innate immunity, play a non-negligible role in the development of the immune response in response to pathogenic and foreign agents as well as in the pathogenesis of celiac disease. The only effective treatment for celiac disease is strict and lifelong adherence to a gluten-free diet, while dietary choices are of key importance in the regulation of this disease. Oats have emerged as a controversial but nutritionally rich option to supplement a gluten-free diet with a source rich in fiber, micro- and macronutrients. Therefore, in this thesis, we focused on how the innate immune system, specifically monocytes, interact with the avenin peptides of a selected gluten-free oat cultivar and whether an immune reaction detectable at the molecular level occurs in response to its consumption. Materials and methods: 39 patients with stabilized celiac disease were included in the study, who consumed 50 g of raw oatmeal of the selected cultivar daily for 14 days. CD14+ monocytes were isolated from whole blood before the start of the study and after its completion using immunomagnetic separation, in which TLR2, TLR4, TNFα,...
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Hydrological extremes and the change in water quality of the upper Úpa river
Kavalír, Václav ; Matoušková, Milada (advisor) ; Havlíková, Petra (referee)
The presented master's thesis addresses the alteration of the rainfall-runoff regime in the upper reaches of the Úpa River and the behavior of water quality parameters during selected hydrological events. The literature review section of this thesis elaborates on fundamental knowledge about factors influencing water quality in watercourses, sources of pollution, the impact of hydrological extremes on water quality conditions, along with the behavior of individual parameters in these situations. Basic statistical methods, time series analysis, Mann- Kendall test, correlation coefficients and field survey were used for the evaluation. The results suggest there is a warming trend in the area, associated with, for example, a shift in spring melt, peak flows and a general reduction in the duration of snow cover. The overall water quality status of the river has improved significantly following several factors such as the construction of new WWTPs, reduced acidification, etc. Hydrological extremes have an impact on selected water quality assessment parameters such as basic ions, some metals, electrical conductivity, amount of organic matter in the stream (except for the parameter BOD5), etc. On the other hand, no effect was found for phosphorus, sulphate or nitrate. In the case of organic matter, aluminium or...
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Role of glucocorticoids in synchronization of fetal suprachiasmatic nuclei
Janáčová, Klára ; Sumová, Alena (advisor) ; Lužná, Vendula (referee)
The development and entrainment of fetal suprachiasmatic nuclei (SCN) are controlled by maternal cues, including hormones that cross through the placenta in a circadian rhythm. A recent study highlighted the effect of glucocorticoids (GC) on fetal SCN both in vitro and in vivo, where the application of the synthetic glucocorticoid, dexamethasone (DEX) in vivo regulated the c-Fos gene expression (Čečmanová et al., 2019). Using organotypic SCN explants from embryonic day 17 (E17) of a transgenic mPer2Luc mouse model, this research built on the initial study to further elucidate the action of GC upon in vitro application. Real-time recording of PER2-bioluminescence in E17 SCN explants confirmed that DEX increases the amplitude of E17 SCN explants, and DEX application at CT 15-18 leads to a phase advance of the rhythm. The specificity of the DEX effect was confirmed by application of the glucocorticoid receptor antagonist, mifepristone. Inhibition of the protein kinase A and C signalling pathways, which regulate c-Fos gene expression had no effect on DEX action in vitro in E17 SCN explants. No effect of DEX on PER2 protein turnover was observed. Using a newly optimized RNA isolation method followed by RT-qPCR, an increased level of c-Fos was detected in E17 SCN explants 1h after DEX application at CT...
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Contract for work in the field of construction
Chroust, Jiří ; Zvára, Michael (advisor) ; Salač, Josef (referee)
Contract for work in the field of construction Abstract The diploma thesis deals with the legal regulation of the contract for work in the meaning of Act No. 89/2012 Coll., Civil Code, especially in the context of construction projects. Its purpose is therefore to define the specifics of the legal regulation of the contract for work in the field of construction. The thesis is divided into four chapters. The second chapter deals with the current legal regulation of the contract for work. Attention is paid in particular to the definition of the subject matter of the work and to the essential elements of the contract. The thesis also discusses the possible ways of determining the price for the work and furthermore deals with the legal regulation of the actual performance of the work. In this context, the thesis deals with the legal regulation of the risk of carrying out the work, the possibility of payment of advances during the course of carrying out the work and the manner of carrying out the work. The chapter concludes with a description of the completion and handover of the work. The third chapter addresses other specifics of the contract for work, contextualizes the use of model contract terms, and identifies entities that are in the construction project field. It also discusses the specifics of defining...
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The Card Game Dobble as a Diagnostic Tool
Zemanová, Anežka ; Děchtěrenko, Filip (advisor) ; Urban, Kamila (referee)
This thesis examines the Dobble card game and its possible use in psychodiagnostics. The main goals are to present this game, to find out what properties of the cards affect the performance in this game, to compare the performance in Dobble with the results of selected commonly used psychological tests and possibly to present an alternative psychodiagnostic tool. The theoretical part describes the use of social games outside the game context, explains the phenomena of visual search, which is applied when playing Dobble, and discusses selected psychological tests. The empirical part presents quantitative research conducted on 50 volunteers who played three rounds of Dobble and completed several psychological tests as part of the research. The results show that the individual cards do not differ in difficulty. The time it takes to find a matching image is influenced by the repetition of the searched symbol. Dobble performance is related to the d2 attention test Concentration Performance score and the result of the Vienna Matrix Intelligence Test. Conversely, no relationship was found between performance in this game and the reproduction of the Taylor Complex Figure or the Trail Making Test. This research is the first of its kind dealing with the card game Dobble and shows that it would be appropriate...
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Western blot analysis of markers of endothelial dysfunction in mice aorta following high-fat diet administration
Střelcová, Ivana ; Němečková, Ivana (advisor) ; Vitverová, Barbora (referee)
7 2. ABSTRACT Charles University, Faculty of Pharmacy in Hradec Králové Department of Biological and Medical Sciences Title of Thesis: Western blot analysis of markers of endothelial dysfunction in mice aorta following high-fat diet administration Supervisor: RNDr. Ivana Němečková, Ph.D. Author: Ivana Střelcová Background: High dietary fat intake is associated with increased risk of developing various metabolic diseases, including increased cardiovascular risk. The aim of this thesis was to investigate whether the administration of the high-fat diet containing 42 % kcal of fat affects expression of selected markers of endothelial dysfunction, the key mechanism in development of cardiovascular complications. Methods: In this thesis were evaluated changes in the expression of endothelial nitric oxide synthase (eNOS), endoglin (ENG), endothelin-1 (ET-1), intercellular adhesion molecule 1 (ICAM-1) and vascular cell adhesion molecule 1 (VCAM-1). An experimental group of male C57BL/6J mice aged 7 months was fed the high-fat diet containing 42% kcal of fat for 12 weeks. The control group was fed a standard laboratory diet. Western blot analysis followed by detection using a chemiluminescent reagent was used to evaluate the observed markers of endothelial dysfunction Results: The results show that there were no...
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