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Ekonomické faktory pôsobiace na úroveň kriminality v krajinách EÚ
Mitkov, Michal
This bachelor's thesis deals with verifying the validity of the main theories about the influence of economic factors on crime in general. This thesis explores the cau- sality between each factor and crime. Results of this research are confronted in discussion with the results from authors of studies that handle this topic. Outcome of this work points out invalidity of initial assumptions in studied time frame. In conclusion partial validity of some theories concerning influence of economic fac- tors on changes in crime rates is illustrated. It must be emphasized, that results of this thesis are not universal, and that outcomes researched in these circumstances and in this timeframe might not be similar in other circumstances.
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Youth criminality prevention in the Czech Republic
Lhotová, Jana ; Šubrt, Jiří (referee) ; Buriánek, Jiří (advisor)
This study focuses on the prevention of juvenile delinquency in the Czech Republic while defining the best possible means for an individual to achieve positive socialization and develop protection against anti-social behavior. The study is divided into two sections - theoretical and analytical. The first section aims to: describe criminal prevention strategies and their philosophy and goals; present different methodologies for prevention; and define target groups. It also gives an account of objective and subjective factors that may influence anti-social behavior in youth, since it is proven that particular characteristics of the social environment or personality can increase the likelihood of committing a crime. The core of this theoretical study includes an overview of criminological theories, which seek to reveal the roots of criminal behavior. Also described is the evolution of salient ideas in this sociological framework, which form the basis for criminological theory, along with a summary of biosocial and psychological theories. A special focus is on the Social Control Theory and General Theory of Crime published by T. Hirschi and M. Gottfredson in the 90's, considered to be the most complex and relevant theories of social prevention due to their emphasis on the correlation of individual and social...
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An analysis of crime in Prague in 2014 and its impact on economy
Dragounová, Jana ; Barák, Vladimír (advisor) ; Štípek, Vladimír (referee)
The aim of this bachelor thesis is the mapping of crime in the capital city of Prague in 2014 and its impact on economy of stakeholders. The theoretical part defines the concept of crime, describes factors which increase the probability of occurrence and development of crime and its economic consequences. In addition to this, some important theories dealing with crime and methods by which crime is reported are mentioned. Considerable attention is paid to the security situation in the Czech Republic in 2014. In the practical part, an analysis of expenditure on security is carried out. Preventive policy of Prague is also discussed and grant and subsidy programs, which are the source of its funding, are analyzed. Moreover, the criminality in Prague is analyzed not only globally, but also in the territory of Prague 1, 5 and 11 which show an increased incidence of crime.
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Kosovo Protection corps and its influence on political stability in Kosovo
Dubová, Olena
The main objective of this thesis is to investigate the potential correlation between KPC members and organized crime as well as their influence over the political stability in Kosovo since the end of the conflict. The first part of the thesis is based on a literature research which introduces the theory of conflict, the level of safety and the organized crime definition. Then, the analytical part focuses on Kosovo history, its correlation with organized crime and the decision making process of former KPC members. Finally the suggestion part enumerates some improvements in fighting against organized crime such as INTERPOL membership to bring trust and transparency to the International Community.
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Are drivers of luxurious cars more likely to commit driving offences ?
Klouček, Oldřich ; Rod, Aleš (advisor) ; Babin, Jan (referee)
The aim of this thesis is to verify whether drivers of luxurious cars are more likely to violate road traffic regulations. Theoretical background of this analysis consists of standard consumer theory using utility maximization and cost-benefit analysis which provide analysis of illegal behavior. This thesis summarizes the most important parts of economics of luxury and economics of crime and then uses this summary to create assumptions and models. Empirical part is based on city traffic analysis and driving offences that could be committed in order to avoid waiting in traffic jam. Data collected by terrain observations are used to verify that with increasing purchasing costs of a car also increases probability of committing a driving offence. By using assumption, that luxurious cars can be considered as cars with high purchase costs, was proved, that drivers of these cars are more likely to commit such a driving offence. It was also proved that time spent in traffic jam is one main of the factors that influence decision whether or not commit a driving offence.
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Criminality against children and juveniles
Hladká, Michaela ; Buriánek, Jiří (advisor) ; Gillernová, Ilona (referee) ; Zoubková, Ivana (referee)
The topic of the submitted dissertation work is criminality commited against children and juveniles which is particularly a topical problem for many reasons. First of all it is necessary to emphasize that a child is the most vulnerable victim with his or her decreased ability of defence and therefore children require special protection provided not only by their parents but also by state authorities. For a long period of time there was a general opinion that parents represent the best protection for a child because they love him or her even if they beat or neglect their children. This theory has become a thing of the past thanks to the results or researchs that found that many perpetrators of criminality against children and juveniles were parents of the victimized child or members of his or her family. In 1991 the 3rd European Conference for CAN Prevention was held in Prague (CAN means Child Abuse and Neglect). After this conference a systematic work of Czech social workers, psychologists, police investigators, psysicians and many other experts on this field has started. The submitted dissertation contributes to this systematic work.
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Selected aspects of environmental law in legal theory and experience
Liška, Petr ; Pikola, Pavel (advisor) ; Jaromír, Jaromír (referee)
The thesis, titled The Selected Aspects of Environmental Law in the legal theory and practise was written on a base of interdepartmental cooperation between FŽP (Faculty of Environment) and PEF (Faculty of Operation and Economy) at ČZU (Czech University of Agriculture). The main idea of the thesis is to make a study of criminal law development from a standpoint of the society interests since the force of legislation Nr. 140/1961 Sb. (Code), criminal law, until the present time, when the law mentioned above was replaced by the law Nr. 40/2009 Sb. (Code), Penal Code. The study takes quite a long term period, from 1961 to 2015.
In the theoretical part I primarilly tried to characterise the rank of interest within the branch of criminal law, with the focus on the substantive criminal law. At the same time I tried to determinate its relationship to the international law and the Czech legal system built on two basic constitutional laws Constitution of the Czech Republic (i.e. Constitutional law Nr. 1/1993 Sb. (Code), as amended).
Then, in the practical part I wanted to characterise criminal offences development in the context of the substantive criminal laws mentioned above, with respect to the state system at the certain time, and in the context of society interests at that time, especially focused on the sphere of environment protection and criminal law usage together with the law characterised by ultima ratio principle, i.e. as the last possible means. I also made an analysis and comparism of statitistics data concerning registered criminal offences made by the Police of the Czech republic that was provided to me by The Police Presidium of the Czech Republic, Department of Analyses.
The final part presents detected results that point out latent behaviour to environmant in the Czech Republic and the problems connected with quantifying losses. In this respect the law enforcement agencies try to solve the problem by taking in an expert in agreement with the legalities of § 105, Paragraph 1 of the Law 141/1961 Sb. (Code), Penal Code, when the expert makes an expertise according to the law enforcement agencies requests in which he objectively deals with the damage setting. Its determination is important for example for the right legal qualification of the criminal offence against environment. At the end of the thesis I also try to outline possible measures contributing to improving of current state of prosecution connected with criminal offences against environment with greater emphasis on respective efficiency.
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An order of the superior as a defence excluding illegality in international criminal law
Urbanová, Kristýna ; Šturma, Pavel (advisor) ; Bílková, Veronika (referee)
RESUME The defence of Superior Order in International Criminal Law The theory of superior order as a defence to an international crime has been a subject of wide academic debates which often produced diametrically opposite opinions and reflected how this defence is presumably the most controversial one in international criminal law. This essay examines different approaches within international community towards the aforementioned defence since the beginning of the 20th century and also takes into consideration difficult moral and legal questions arising in connection with this topic. The aim of this paper is also search for answer to a question whether there may be identified an international custom governing treatment of the plea of superior order. First chapter is concerned with reasons supporting different approaches to this defence and considers arguments why superior order should or should not be accepted as a defence to an international crime. Second part of chapter one introduces three relevant theories dealing with the defence of superior order, namely the theory of respondeat superior, the absolute liability principle and the principle of conditional liability. Chapter two concentrates on relevant practice of international institutions, such as the Nuremberg International Military Tribunal, the...
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Forensic theory of a crime victim - victimology
Kálal, Ondřej ; Štourač, Petr (referee) ; Musil, Jan (advisor)
Presented diploma paper is concerned with victims of criminal offences. The accent is mainly put on the criminalistic point of view, especiallly in the second, special part of the paper. Criminalistic point of view means to look at the crime victims as an important source of information which is leading to the capturing the offender and his reasonable punishement. Criminalistic victimology is relatively young discipline and its basics can be found in general victimology together with criminal science. It's development is not finished yet. Formerly the victims were definitely not in the criminalists center of focus, it was the offender who grabbed the main part of attention. But since 50's of last century, with the developement of victimology, the situation of crime victims is slowly getting better and their importance is more and more appreciated. Regarding to its roots in genaral victimology, the first part of the diploma paper is dealing with fundamental victimologic notions such as victimity or victimization, which are important to understand the whole area of victimology. In this fist, common part, sensitive behaviour and help to the victims are accented as well. Victimologic surveys and legal situation of victims in Czech Republic are also mentioned. The second part of the paper contains several...
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