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Personality predictors of exercise addiction in competitive sport
Vítková, Tereza ; Mudrák, Jiří (advisor) ; Bezdíček, Ondřej (referee)
Exercise addiction is becoming a recognized concern, particularly prevalent in elite athletic environments where the pursuit of perfection is emphasized. Despite growing awareness of problematic exercise behaviors, research investigating the underlying risk factors remains limited. This study aimed to examine personality predictors of exercise addiction in Czech elite athletes. A sample of 168 competitive athletes, aged 18 to 30 years, completed assessments including the Exercise Addiction Inventory, Sport Motivation Scale-6, the Athletic Identity Measurement Scale, Performance Perfectionism Scale-Sport, and the Neuroticism Scale from Big Five Inventory. In terms of prevalence, the findings revealed that 16.5 % of athletes exhibited problematic signs of exercise addiction, while 76.7 % were potentially at risk with low severity of symptoms. No significant differences were observed between different groups of sports. Using multiple linear regression, the study demonstrated a significant overall effect of personality predictors on exercise addiction. Neuroticism, introjected regulation, and athletic identity were identified as significant predictors of exercise addiction. These findings highlight the importance of psychological factors such as personality traits and motivational regulation in...
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Impact of leisure and social activites on quality of life among erderly in Europe - SHARE data analysis
Pluhařová, Markéta
Impact of leisure and social activites on quality of life among erderly in Europe - SHARE data analysis Abstract Due to demographic aging, the quality of life of an increasing proportion of seniors is becoming more important than ever. According to activity theory and the concept of active aging, active life is a way to experience good old age. The diploma thesis focuses on the impacts of leisure and social activities on the quality of life of elderly over 65 in 17 European countries. Sixth wave data from The Survey of Health, Aging and Retirement in Europe (SHARE) from 2015 and the easySHARE panel dataset are analyzed using binary regression analysis and multilevel modeling using binary regression analysis. The relationship of 11 selected activities, which were divided for the needs of this thesis into social, individual activities and activities aimed at helping others, and quality of life is controlled for socio-economic, demographic and health characteristics. Quality of life is meassured using the CASP-12 indicator. For social and individual activities, active elderly have a higher chance of a high quality of life (CASP-12 score> 39) than inactive. Elderly who do not provide personal care assistance to people from the same household also have a better chance than caregivers. Key words ageing, ageing of...
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The testing of familiar relationship in the identification genetics
Bobková, Alena ; Vaněk, Daniel (advisor) ; Zemanová, Zuzana (referee)
This bachelor's thesis analyses kinship testing in identification genetics, which is a discipline enabling the genetic identification of individuals and the determination of genetic relatedness between them. This thesis covers a wide range of applications from forensic analysis through genealogical studies to biodiversity conservation. This field has been rapidly growing and gaining on importance since the 1980s, when the foundations of DNA fingerprinting were laid based on the discovery of hypervariable minisatellite regions in the genome. This thesis aims to provide an overview of methods and techniques that are used for genetic identification and kinship testing. The thesis discusses genetic markers such as STRs or SNPs, which are the basis for genetic profiling, are discussed. In addition statistical methods for evaluating genetic match and methodologies for determining the probability of kinship are also discussed. Finally, practical applications of identification genetics are presented, including its use in forensic science or in case of solving genealogical questions. The potential and future development of the technologies and their impact on society is discussed at the end of the thesis. Thus, the thesis contributes to a better understanding of the importance and opportunities of...
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Juniper pastures in the Wallachia area and predictors of their preservation
Mizera, Ondřej ; Křenová, Zdeňka (advisor) ; Mudrák, Ondřej (referee)
Common juniper (Juniperus communis), as a species of predominantly open habitats, used to be part of semi-natural grassland communities, such a pastures. In the area of Moravian Wallachia (eastern part of the Czech Republic) this type of grassland is known as juniper pasture, however as in the whole of Europe, it is a type of habitat that is disappearing rapidly from the landscape, among other reasons due to the absence of juveniles in the population. A total of 20 potentially preserved juniper pastures were identified within nine cadastral areas in the Moravian Wallachia (Beskydy Protected Landscape Area) and visited during the vegetation period. The total number of J. communis individuals was recorded, including their dendrometric (crown height and radius) and descriptive characteristics (sex, vitality, developmental stage, sociability, form). Characteristics of vegetation cover and type of site management were also recorded to define the main factors influencing the vitality and proportion of juvenile individuals in the population of J. communis. Field research was supplemented by analyses of orthophotos and topographical data processed in a GIS environment. In total 2,896 juniper were recorded at 20 locations, while the population of J. communis in the area of interest can be characterized by...
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Political trials of the 1950s: a case study
Svoboda, David ; Kuklík, Jan (advisor) ; Blažek, Lukáš (referee)
81 Political trials of the 1950s - a concrete case study (The Babice Case) Abstract The subject of the thesis "Political Trials of the 1950s - a Specific Case Study", subtitled The Babice Case, was a description of the application of the general tools of political persecution used in the Czechoslovak Republic in the 1950s to the specific case of the shooting at the Babice school and the subsequent political trials. Also significant is the aim of placing the political trials in Czechoslovakia in the context of the times and the international political situation, which played an important role in the Babice case. The first chapter of the thesis formulates the aims of the thesis and the background on which it is based. The second chapter of the thesis describes the significance of the political processes and the general background of their organisation. An important part of Chapter 2 of the thesis is a description of the legal framework for the conduct of political trials, focusing both on substantive aspects, such as the newly defined offences, and on procedural issues, especially the limitations on the rights of the accused. The legal biennium, an initiative aimed at changing the legal system to reflect the needs and ideology of the Communist Party, is also described as a significant phenomenon. The third...
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Imaging algorithm in suspected non-accidental injury
Popelová, Eliška ; Kynčl, Martin (advisor) ; Burgetová, Andrea (referee) ; Jezberová, Michaela (referee)
Imaging algorithm in suspected non-accidental injury Abstract This thesis focuses on radiologic investigations in children with suspected non-accidental injury (NAI) with emphasis on children below two years of age. It is the first Czech ori- ginal and review work on this topic. The aim of this work is to evaluate current practise in Czech hospitals and to assess benefits of skeletal imaging in children younger than two years with suspected NAI. The theoretical part of the thesis presents a summary of up-to- -date information on radiologic imaging of children with suspected NAI and provides an overview of international expert literature. The empirical part of the thesis presents four scientific projects: a survey among Czech radiologists and three studies aimed at skeletal imaging in children with trauma suggestive of NAI. The results of these works show that evaluation of children with suspected NAI is not standardized and that skeletal imaging is not performed in all appropriate situations. At the same time, the results show that skele- tal imaging may show clinically occult fractures, while the effective dose is reasonably low. The thesis also brings suggestions for improvements and topics for further research. The appendices to this work include the recommendations Postavme se na stranu dětí....
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Rock Nacional and Protest: An Analysis of Song Lyrics in 1970s and 1980s Argentina
Labudová, Ema ; Brenišínová, Monika (advisor) ; Křížová, Markéta (referee)
The thesis employs thematic analysis to explore song lyrics by Argentine rock musician Carlos "Charly" García published between the years 1974 and 1983. It focuses especially on the aspects in which the source material shows expressions of protest and political-social critique. The first half of the thesis is focused on state of the art, historical context and development of Argentine rock music with emphasis put on the nonconformist or counter-cultural character of a social group defined which came to be by listening to and making of said genre in the 1960s, and which is now universally known by the name Rock nacional argentino. In the analytical part, themes, patterns and trends present in García's decade of music production, as well as their relationship with the social reality at the time, are analyzed and interpreted. The conclusion comments on the analysis' findings and suggests the possibilities of further research in this field.
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Seasonal dynamics of physiological parameters of Norway spruce needles in mountain forest in relation to water balance of the forest site
Bednář, Pavel ; Albrechtová, Jana (advisor) ; Gebauer, Roman (referee)
Norway spruce (Picea abies (L.) Karst.) is an important economic tree species in the Czech Republic, which is currently significantly weakened and dying under the impacts of climate change. In young spruce forest stand in mountain region that was artificially established after the large-scale disturbance of forests in the mid-1990s, on the "U Dvou louček" research plot represented by a small forest catchment of an area of 32.6 ha, located in the upper part of the Orlické Mountains at an altitude of 880 - 920 m a.s.l., and in site conditions of predominantly Abieti-fageta piceae - water balance measurements were carried out during the 2019 and 2020 growing seasons. At the same time, during the mentioned two years, in total 6 samplings of biological material were carried out according to a standardized sampling methodology, and laboratory analyzes were carried out on this material. Laboratory analyzes were focused on three established age categories of needles, namely 1, 2, and 4 or more years old. The biophysical parameters of needles were determined based on the measurement of structural parameters and concentrations of photosynthetic pigments - chlorophyll a, chlorophyll b and total carotenoids from samples extracted in DMF using a laboratory spectrophotometer. Optical properties of the needles...
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Comparison of alternative forms of cohabitation in the Czech Republic and France
Houdková, Sylvie ; Lederer, Vít (advisor) ; Frinta, Ondřej (referee)
Comparison of alternative forms of cohabitation in the Czech Republic and France Abstract The main objective of this thesis is to provide a detailed and systematic view of different types of alternative forms of cohabitation in two different countries, in the Czech Republic and in France, using descriptive, analytical and comparative methods. This thesis is divided into six parts. First three parts are focused on French legislation. The first part introduces the French legal order and its liberal approach to homosexuality in general and to various forms of cohabitation. The second part describes in detail the Civil Solidarity Pact, registered partnership of its kind, its development over the years, as well as main reasons of its rising popularity in French society. It also provides a brief comparison with the institution of marriage in order to fully understand the advantages and disadvantages of the Civil Solidarity Pact. The third part of this thesis is concerned with concubinage, a very informal alternative form of cohabitation, also embodied in French legal order. The following fourth and fifth parts describe the conservative approach of the Czech Republic to various forms of cohabitation over the years and their main advantages and disadvantages in comparison with France. It points to the division of...
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Manifestations of facial asymmetry in young adulthood: the relationship between asymmetry of facial expressions and manifestations of brain laterality
Hřebcová, Eliška ; Velemínská, Jana (advisor) ; Měšťák, Jan (referee)
This thesis focuses on assessing longitudinal changes in facial asymmetry of both neutral expression and various facial expressions in adolescents and young adults aged 15 to 18 years and their relation to handedness. Shape changes were evaluated in 30 girls and 27 boys of which 3 girls and 2 boys were left-handed. For the analysis, 3D geometric morphometry applied to 3D facial scans was used. The scanning itself took place on three different occasions with a 1-year gap between them. A total amount of 1440 facial scans were taken and processed, while 453 of those were used for the analyses. The output of those analyses are colour maps visualizing changes in facial shape. Right-handers were assessed as a mean group, while left-handers were assessed only as individuals, due to their low numbers. The results of longitudinal assessment in right-handers show very similar trends between boys and girls. Protrusion in right side of the forehead and right side of the nose and maxilla was observed, as well as right-sided protrusion of lower lip and mandible in later ages. Left-sided protrusion of angulus mandibulae was observed in both sexes. An almost complete absence of the forementioned forehead protrusion was observed in all left-handers. Protrusion was more often allocated on a left side of the nose....
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