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Sarcopenia screening at hospitalized patients on standard hospital ward
VÁCLAVÍKOVÁ, Monika
This thesis aims to map nurses' knowledge of sarcopenia and describe the current utilization of screening tools for its identification in practice. Two research questions were formulated: "What knowledge do nurses possess regarding sarcopenia?" and "What screening methods do nurses employ?" Furthermore, two hypotheses were formulated: H1: Nurses' knowledge in the field of sarcopenia varies depending on the department they work in. H2: Nurses' knowledge in the field of sarcopenia varies depending on the length of their practice. Additional hypotheses were formulated during the data analysis, allowing for a better understanding of the research issue. The empirical part of the thesis combined a mixed research strategy using semi- structured interviews and non-standardized questionnaires. Five nurses and one physician participated in the qualitative survey, while 179 nurses from various departments were involved in the quantitative research. The results showed insufficient knowledge of nurses about sarcopenia, which was confirmed in both qualitative and quantitative surveys. Minimal utilization of sarcopenia assessment tools in practice was also identified. Statistical analysis confirmed relationships between nurses' knowledge and their attitudes toward assessment tools, as well as between length of practice and preference for clinical observation over assessment tools. Age of respondents was found to correlate with reactions to assessment tool results. Representation of assessment tools used was consistent across all departments. The research survey results revealed weaknesses in nurses' knowledge and insufficient utilization of sarcopenia screening methods in practice. Based on the research findings, it is evident that improving nurses' knowledge in the field of sarcopenia, especially in departments with a high prevalence of patients suffering from this condition, is necessary. It is also important to train healthcare professionals and ensure that screening methods are actively implemented in practice.
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Production of extracellular polysaccharides by extremophilic prokaryotes
Bystrická, Klaudia ; Smilek, Jiří (referee) ; Obruča, Stanislav (advisor)
Predložená diplomová práca sa zaoberá štúdiom biotechnologickej produkcie extracelulárnych polysacharidov (EPS) vybraných termofilných a halofilných mikroorganizmov. Po primárnom screeningu vybraných kultúr bola experimentálna časť tejto práce ďalej venovaná halofilnému archea Haloferax mediterranei. Cieľom tejto práce bola produkcia a charakterizácia polymérov a posúdenie biotechnologického potenciálu použitých extremofilných kultúr ako producentov EPS. Počas kultivácie H. mediterranei boli použité 3 základné média, ktoré boli následne optimalizované v prospech produkcie EPS. Získané precipitáty boli podrobené analýze pomocou GPC, FTIR a UHPLC-UV-ESI-MS/MS, na základe čoho bolo možné bližšie charakterizovať získaný produkt. Tieto experimenty dokázali, že so stúpajúcou koncentráciou NaCl v médiu, klesá výťažok polysacharidov a ich produkciu nepodporujú ani vysoké koncentrácie MgSO4 a KCl v médiu. Hlavnou komponentou polysacharidov vyprodukovaných H. mediterranei, je manóza, no v závislosti od použitého média môže obsahovať aj glukózu, galaktózu, ribózu alebo N-acetylglukosamin.
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Design of vibrating waste sorter
Taska, Abraham ; Tůma, Zdeněk (referee) ; Synek, Miloš (advisor)
The master thesis deals with a construction proposal for a vibrating sorter of cartridges. The thesis contains the theoretical part characterizing various sorter types of cartridges and describes the principle of sorting with the help of the vibrating sorters. The practical part includes a draft of a drive, calculation of a vibrating sorter, a proposal of compression springs bearing vibration frame and a control calculation of these springs. A complete vibrating sorter of the cartridges is created in a 3D modeling program. The thesis is attached by the drawings of the individual assemblies, subassemblies and individual parts.
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Production and characterization of biosurfactants
Kratochvílová, Olga ; Samek, Ota (referee) ; Obruča, Stanislav (advisor)
This diploma thesis deals with the microbial production of biosurfactants of selected bacterial strains. In order to test the biosurfactant production ability, screening methods were chosen to be able to review the potential of the selected strains to produce biosurfactants. With the scope of the work, 11 bacterial strains, which are used as polyhydroxyalkanoate (PHA) producers, have been tested. The ability to produce biosurfactants was tested in all strains both in complex inoculation and mineral production media. The presence of biosurfactants in Pseudomonas putida was detected on the basis of the results obtained after cultivation in inoculation and production media. The bacteria Pseudomonas fulva was put under more deep study to support their production by cultivation in different types of production media supplemented by different sources of carbon and nitrogen, and the effect of cultivation time was tested as well. Biosurfactants produced by these bacteria were subsequently identified by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) on the basis of which the substances were identified as rhamnolipids. According to thin-layer chromatography result (TLC), Pseudomonas putida produces a mixture of mono- and dirhamnolipids, with monorhamnolipids being more dominant in our samples.
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Optimization of Cooling Synchronous Machine
Makki, Zbyněk ; Rafajdus,, Pavol (referee) ; Kačor,, Pavol (referee) ; Janda, Marcel (advisor)
The main goal of doctoral thesis is optimization cooling of the synchronous machine. Problem is solved based on the finite element method with use of ANSYS software. Work is built up from theoretical part where is comparison of base equations for heat transfer and simulations for several models. Next part shows us two methods how simulate free and force convection. Depends on the better method from the previous two methods is used for next calculations with several algorithm which are used for find of best parameters for synchronous machine. Our control parameter is mass flow rate.
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Screening of biotechnological potential of selected members of the genus Geobacillus and other related genuses
Kouřilová, Xenie ; Brázda, Václav (referee) ; Obruča, Stanislav (advisor)
This diploma thesis deals with selected thermophilic representatives of genera Geobacillus, Saccharococcus and Bacillus, taking screening of its biotechnological potential into account. Bacteria from the first two genera came from Czech and German collection of microorganisms, while bacteria of genus Bacillus were natural isolates. Researched strains were examined from a viewpoint of carbon source utilization and furthermore, production of biosurfactants, extracellular hydrolytic enzymes (protease, amylase, lipase, cellulase, xylanase), organic acids, antimicrobial agents and microbial plastics – polyhydroxyalkanoates was also tested. Bacteria S. thermophilus, G. uzenensis and G. zalihae evinced a substantial ability of biosurfactant production. Strains G. jurassicus, G. uzenensis, G. gargensis and G. lituanicus were capable of intensive production of all tested, technologically significant enzymes. Highest antimicrobial effects were reached with bacteria G. stearothermophilus and G. thermocatenulatus. Largest production of acetic acid was achieved with G. jurassicus and lactic acid with G. thermodenitrificans. Ability to produce polyhydroxyalkanoates was proved at genotype level by some cultures only, however at fenotype level, response was negative. On the contrary, bacteria genus Bacillus were able to produce polyhydroxyalkanoates, although in small amounts under given circumstances. With remaining researched metabolites, production ability was considerably lower, compared to genera Geobacillus and Saccharococcus.
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Assessment of the uncertainty of the ultrasound nuchal translucency measurement
Matejková, Magdaléna ; Pavlík,, Tomáš (referee) ; Jarkovský,, Jiří (advisor)
The issue of congenital malformations in the fetus is important part of fetal medicine. This project is comparing the measurement uncertainty of congenital malformations in the fetus markers and it is focused on screening markers in first and second trimester of pregnancy. The recommendations of Fetal Medicine Foundation (FMF) are decisive in this project. The issues of determination measurement uncertainty in biochemical laboratory and measurement uncertainty of ultrasound markers are also mentioned. These both issues are compared and methodology of measurement uncertainty determination of nuchal translucency ultrasound marker is designed. The methodic is based on biochemical determination of measurement uncertainty. The methodic is then realized on the data set from six medical doctors and is statistically evaluated.
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Studies with baggage handling process in the airport environment
Kašpar, Peter ; Pokorný, Přemysl (referee) ; Kašpárek, Jaroslav (advisor)
The purpose of this bachelor thesis is to create an overview of requirements to design baggage handling system, to describe a manipulation machinery that is used for transport, loading and sorting of luggage in a specific transportation. The other purpose is to summarize the safety the safety requirements for using of conveyors and create suitable working environment. I try to create complete system of baggage handling.
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Extracellular enzyme activites of soil yeasts
Pavlatovská, Barbora ; Breierová, Emília (referee) ; Stratilová, Eva (advisor)
Yeasts form significant and important part of pedosphere microbiota. They keep nature balance, participate in cycles of elements and nutrients, are antagonists of various pathogens and as important decomposers, they produce the whole spectrum of different extracellular enzymes. The aim of this study was to determine the ability of yeasts, isolated from the soil adjacent to the fruit trees in Southwest Slovakia as well as from the contaminated soil (Pernek area, Slovakia), to produce extracellular enzymes. In total, 68 strains belonging to 45 different species were tested for the production of starch-like polysaccharide and for extracellular enzyme activities: polygalacturonases, lipases, proteases, cellulases, chitinases, -glucosidases and -amylases. This work was also focused on optimization of method for the yeast chitinase assay. Four methods were proved; two of them utilized liquid medium with chitin (colloidal and insoluble) as the sole carbon source and two others used solid plate methods with agar medium containing chitin. Based on results, cultivation in colloidal liquid chitin medium, terminated by the chitinase assay according to Ehrlich, was evaluated as the best method for detection of predominant exochitinase activity of yeasts. More than 75 % of tested yeasts exhibited some extracellular activity. Generally, the yeasts isolated from the soil under the fruit trees showed broader spectrum of enzyme activities than those originated from contaminated soils. Lipases, proteases and -glucosidases were found to be the most common activities. Only small proportion of yeasts was able to produce chitinases and/or cellulases. Aureobasidium pullulans, CCY 27-1-134, from the soil adjacent to the apple tree, showed the widest range of activities from all tested strains and it possessed all examined activities. On the other side, it did not produce starch-like polysaccharide. Tausonia (Trichosporon) pullulans and Cystofilobasidium macerans were the second most active producers of extracellular enzymes with variations in production of cellulases and -amylases. Representatives of the former polyphyletic genus Cryptococcus exhibited lipases, -glucosidases, -amylases and they were producers of the starch, but the interspecies differences were also noted. All strains of the genus Galactomyces were positive for polygalacturonases and the genera Candida and Cyberlindnera were positive for -glucosidases. All strains of Galactomyces candidum were tested for the production of polygalacturonases during 168 hours long cultivation on pectin media. Strain CCY 16-3-4 showed very stable growth on this medium and simultaneously exhibited significant amount of extracellular polygalactouronases. It has a potential to be very suitable producer of these enzymes but particular characterization of properties is necessary for its future use. Results of the screening showed that the production of extracellular enzymes is mostly strain-dependent and not species-dependent.
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Screening of extremozyme production of selected extremophilic PHA producers
Dyagilev, Dmitry ; Obruča, Stanislav (referee) ; Pernicová, Iva (advisor)
This bachelor thesis deals with the screening of the production of extracellular hydrolytic enzymes in thermophilic microorganisms of the genera Aneurinibacillus, Brevibacillus, Chelatococcus, Pseudomonas, Schlegelella, Tepidimonas and Caldimonas. The ability of selected enzymes, namely proteases, lipases, amylases, xylanases, cellulases and pectinases, was tested in the investigated microorganisms. Such testing made it possible to assess in which microorganisms the production of specific enzymes can be observed. Based on the results of the screening, it was found that Schlegelella aquatica LMG 23380, Tepidimonas fonticaldi LMG 26746 and the investigated microorganisms of the genus Chelatococcus did not show the ability to produce any of the tested enzymes extracellularly. In natural isolates of Brevibacillus borstelensis LK 99 and Aneurinibacillus thermoaerophilus LK 102, only the ability to produce lipolytic enzymes was detected. The isolate Brevibacillus borstelensis Bz acts as a universal producer of all selected extremozymes. Enzyme activity was determined for selected producers. The bacterium Brevibacillus borstelensis Bz proved the ability to produce all six selected hydrolytic enzymes and has the highest activity of lipases, xylanases, cellulases and pectinases from the tested microorganisms. The highest proteolytic activity was measured in Thermomonas hydrothermalis DSM 14834 when cultured on skimmed milk powder.
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