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Bottleneck identification for constraint relaxation in resource-constrained project scheduling
Nedbálek, Lukáš ; Švancara, Jiří (advisor) ; Bulín, Jakub (referee)
In modern manufacturing systems, production planners create schedules by iteratively obtaining proposed schedules and adjusting input parameters to satisfy multiple, often competing, optimization goals. The goal of this thesis is to address the problem of reduc- ing the tardiness of a particular manufacturing order in an obtained schedule, which is a practical problem commonly arising in production scheduling. We do this by identifying bottlenecks in the schedule and proposing relaxations to constraints related to the iden- tified bottlenecks. We develop two methods for this purpose, both utilizing constraint programming. The first baseline method adapts existing approaches from the literature and proposes general relaxations. The second method identifies potential improvements in relaxed versions of the problem and proposes relaxations targeting the specific man- ufacturing order. Numerical experiments show that the baseline method achieves great improvements for small costs. while the second method is more reliable in achieving improvements across various problem instances.
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Behavioral Genetics of Mate Preferences
Fischer, Martin ; Štěrbová, Zuzana (advisor) ; Bosman, Dita (referee)
Mate preferences are a multidimensional set of mental representations about the characteristics of a potential partner. The aim of this theoretical work is to present the current state of knowledge in the field of inheritance of mate preferences. While there have been several studies that have attempted to estimate the contribution of genetic components and (shared and non-shared) environment to mate preferences and mate choice, the current research suggests the key role of gene-environment interactions. This thesis provides a brief introduction to behavioral genetics and introduces the basic principles of heritability of mate preferences. All studies previously conducted on humans are dealt with in greater detail. However, the environment appears to play a more significant role than direct genetic influences. Consequently, other mechanisms of ontogeny of mate preferences, of which this environment may be composed (i.e. imprinting-like effect, associative learning, social learning, active parental influence on mate choice), are presented. The thesis is concluded with a synthesis of findings on individual mechanisms of the emergence and development of mate preferences and their potential interactions. Each mechanism may explain a relatively small part of the emergence of mate preferences, yet they...
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Cross-lingual transfer for the annotation of the SynSemClass ontology
Kašpárek, Petr ; Hajič, Jan (advisor) ; Štěpánek, Jan (referee)
This work compares two approaches to automatic preannotation of semantic class to verbs in a sentence for the purpose of adding a new language to the SynSemClass ontology. Both approaches rely on a multilingual deep learning classification model fine-tuned on already annotated English, Czech and German data of the ontology. The first, more classical, approach is annotation projection. It uses a parallel corpus and the aforementioned model to make predictions on a source language already present in the ontology and projects the predictions onto the target language using automated word alignment. The second approach, zero-shot cross-lingual transfer, assumes that the multilingual properties of the underlying model are sufficient and that we can make reasonable predictions directly on the target language, even though the model was never trained for that specific task on the specific target language. For the purpose of evaluation, we manually build and annotate a small Korean language dataset to test the performance on a language significantly different from English, Czech and German. We conclude that the zero-shot approach performs notably better than the alignment approach (p < 0.005) obtaining 0.54 both in recall and precision, compared to 0.37 and 0.41 in recall and precision respectively of the alignment...
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Integration of Arabic loanwords into Czech
Columby, Aleksandar ; Zemánek, Petr (advisor) ; Pospíšil, Adam (referee)
Arabic loanwords are present in many Slavic languages. Arabic words have also entered the Czech language, and still do. Arabic loanwords in Czech have been studied previously, however to a small extent. This research focuses on the contemporary layer of Arabic loanwords, which previous research did not deal with. Specifically, the work deals with their semantics. The author asks the question whether contemporary Arabic loanwords in Czech undergo changes in meaning, and if they have undergone changes, the author asks what changes. He bases his answer on a comparison of their meaning deduced from the collocations that they form in corpora. Using the Czech National Corpus (ČNK), the author first created a list of contemporary Arabic loanwords and then examined their collocations in the Czech corpus SYNV12 and the Arabic corpus The Arabic Web Corpus (artenten18). The research shows that most contemporary Arabic loanwords in Czech (12/18) have not undergone a significant change in meaning. All the words that have undergone a change (6/18) have narrowed their meaning. In addition to the meaning being changed by narrowing it down, two words (šarīᵓa and ğihād) have acquired a negative connotation. Despite certain limitations, this research brought new knowledge about the current layer of Arabic loanwords...
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Students in Post-Stalinist Czechoslovakia: Universities and Students' Participation (1956 - 1969)
Polák, Michael ; Pullmann, Michal (advisor) ; Mervart, Jan (referee) ; Holečková, Marta Edith (referee)
Michael POLÁK Students in the Post-Stalinist Czechoslovakia: Universities and Students` Participation in Czechoslovakia (1956-1969) This dissertation examines the student social movement in post-Stalin Czechoslovakia (1956- 1969). One of the main goals of social movements is to impose their cultural ideas about social relations on social reality. This thesis asks how an initially relatively small group of people who set out to establish independent student governments succeeded in achieving their goal. This thesis thus analyses primarily the dynamics of the student movement. Because understanding the dynamics of social movements requires an understanding of the problems that particular actors want to address, this thesis also examines the everyday experience of students. Thus, the text not only adds to the research on this particular social movement but also enriches the existing knowledge about the nature of post-Stalinism as a specific historical period. The work is divided chronologically into four phases according to the development of the social movement. The first phase examines the emergence of student discontent. This discontent arises particularly when there are contradictions between expectations shaped by the promises of the official structures and lived realities. Thus, in this phase, the thesis...
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Textual Ciphers as a Tool for Better Understanding the Transformers
Provazník, Jan ; Libovický, Jindřich (advisor) ; Kasner, Zdeněk (referee)
The Transformer architecture is very popular, so it is potentially im- pactful to interpret what influences its performance. We test the hypothesis that the model relies on the linguistic properties of a text when working with it. We remove interference with cultural aspects of meaning by using a character-level task with the ByT5 Transformer model. We train ByT5 to decipher sentences encrypted with text ciphers (Vigenère, Enigma). We annotate a sentence dataset with linguistic properties with published NLP tools. On this dataset, we study the relationships between the linguistic properties and the fine-tuned ByT5 decipherment error rate. We analyze correlations, train ML models to predict error rates from the properties and interpret them with SHAP. We find small significant correlations but can- not predict error rates from the properties. We conclude the properties we identified do not give much insight into the performance of the Transformer.
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Social and personal crisis in Karel Jakob Hirsch's novel Kaiserwetter
Kroutvor, Josef ; Zbytovský, Štěpán (advisor) ; Holý, Jiří (referee)
Crisis is a key moment not only within a literary work, but also in the development of society and the individual. Literature not only draws on societal crises - such as the period just before the outbreak of the First World War - thematically, but also as a kind of kaleidoscope of human stories and fates in which other crises, seemingly minor but no less important for literature, take place. The aim of this thesis is to analyse and interpret in a literary-historical context the depiction of personal (among others religious, personal-character) crisis and social (political and social) crisis in the novel Kaiserwetter (1931) by Karl Jakob Hirsch. It is the intertwining of "small" personal crises with the crisis of the community as a whole that is one of the most important motifs of this novel and the basis for one of its possible relevant interpretations. The paper will first briefly introduce the author and attempt to characterize his work. In the theoretical part I will then focus on the applicable definitions of the concept of crisis (based mainly on the notion of the German historian R. Koselleck) that can be applied in the interpretation of the literary work. Subsequently, the thesis will deal with partial aspects of the thematization of the crisis (on the example of three characters in the...
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Command-line tool lsql-csv for CSV files processing
Šťastný, Přemysl ; Hubička, Jan (advisor) ; Pangrác, Ondřej (referee)
lsql-csv is a tool for small CSV file data querying from a shell with short queries. It makes it possible to work with small CSV files like with a read-only relational databases. The tool implements a new language LSQL similar to SQL, specifically designed for working with CSV files in a shell. LSQL aims to be a more lapidary language than SQL. Its design purpose is to enable its user to quickly write simple queries directly to the terminal. 1
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Plasmid constuction for expression of reductase from Haemonchus contortus
Klouček, David ; Matoušková, Petra (advisor) ; Laštovičková, Lenka (referee)
Charles University Faculty of Pharmacy in Hradec Králové Department of Biochemical Sciences Candidate: David Klouček Supervisor: doc. Ing. Petra Matoušková, Ph.D. Title of diploma thesis: Plasmid constuction for expression of reductase from Haemonchus contortus Haemonchus contortus is the most important pathogenic nematode of small ruminants, mostly sheep and goats. It causes haemonchosis leading to massive deaths of infected animals. Pharmacotherapy by approved anthelmintics is the main solution to the disease. Currently, the growing resistance to available antihelmintics is still bigger and bigger problem, leading to economical and ecological issues. There are many causes of resistance. Among the non-target site mechanisms of resistance belongs the increased activity of enzymes from the first biotransformation phase mediating carbonyl-reduction; specifically aldo/ketoreductases and dehydrogenases/reductases. Increased activity of these enzymes leads to faster drug metabolism, formation of inactive metabolites and therapy failure. The aim of the thesis was to prepare a plasmid for the expression of selected reductase, which can be used for further study of the activity and possibly design of new targeted drugs. Method, which were used during my experimental work, involved isolation of RNA, reverse...
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Abstract interpretation of pandas
Hrubý, Jan ; Petříček, Tomáš (advisor) ; Parízek, Pavel (referee)
Pandas is a Python library widely used for data-manipulation. The code written with Pandas lacks any type-safety and everything is decided at runtime. This can potentially be a source of errors and crashes at runtime. One way to deal with that is to use another, type-safe, language and a library with better safety guarantees and compile-time checks. This approach is not widely used as it is not very user-friendly. An alternative approach could be to use program verification method Abstract Interpretation to perform some checks before the run of the program. The goal of this thesis is to design a framework for analyzing data-manipulation programs and implement an analyzer for the Pandas library. The framework will be based on the Abstract Interpretation. The capabilities of the resulting analyzer will be evaluated on a set of small but realistic case studies.
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