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Feminist vision(s) of peace in frozen conflict settings: the case study of Georgia
Minora, Chiara ; Kay, Rebecca (vedoucí práce) ; Ludvík, Jan (oponent)
Feminist vision(s) of peace in frozen conflict settings: the case study of Georgia July 2023 Glasgow Student Number: 2704438m Trento Student Number: 233429 Charles Student Number: 16358708 Presented in partial fulfilment of the requirements for the Degree of International Master in Security, Intelligence and Strategic Studies Word Count: 20,064 Supervisor: prof. Rebecca Kay Date of Submission: 22/07/2023 Abstract Since the early stage of the Abkhaz-Georgian conflict in 1992, women's organisations have been active in providing humanitarian support and in pursuing reconciliation efforts between Georgians and Abkhazians. Thirty years after the beginning of the conflict and with official negotiations stalled, women's organisations have continued to operate, especially at the grassroots level. This research project seeks to understand the gender dynamics in the frozen conflict settings of Georgia and Abkhazia by looking at how the gendered impacts of the conflict influence women's engagement in peacebuilding. The peace efforts of women's organisations are examined from a gender lens to determine how gender is deployed and whether it affects the reconciliation activities between the parties. These initiatives are compared to feminist peace concepts, characteristics, and practices. In particular, the aim is to...
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Radicalised Masculinity: Ontological Insecurity, Extremist Ideologies and the Rise of Andrew Tate
Leeming, Megan Cait ; Kay, Rebecca (vedoucí práce) ; Aslan, Emil (oponent)
The rise of online extremism is a well-documented phenomenon with real-world implications; a growing number of hate crimes and mass violence events all have their roots in the complex, multi-faceted and intertwined online communities of the misogynistic Manosphere and the far- right. While some prefer to think of these communities as characteristic of the fringes of the internet, the presence of key individuals such Andrew Tate on mainstream social media platforms demonstrates that this is no longer the case. The overwhelming popularity of this individual on TikTok is indicative of a growing acceptance of misogyny and misogynistic extremism in the mainstream lexicon. This dissertation worked to explore how the TikTok content of Andrew Tate aligns with misogynistic extremist ideologies within a framework of ontological (in)security theory. The research methods used consisted of a broad literature review of relevant background materials, coupled with thematic analysis of TikTok content featuring Andrew Tate. The latter was based on a dataset of 100 videos gathered from the platform. The findings of this research demonstrate that the TikTok content featuring Andrew Tate creates themes of insecurity and security through narratives that align with ontological (in)security and hegemonic masculinity....
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United in misogyny: The manosphere - far-right nexus and marginalized masculinities
Castillo Small, Allison Lucia ; Kay, Rebecca (vedoucí práce) ; Nisbet, Jolan (oponent)
Countering the "gender-less" analysis of the far-right, this dissertation analyses how this movement uses gender in their discourses aimed at young boys and men in the Global North. Focus was paid on the USA contemporary far-right, specifically on the 'Groypers' as a case study; to understand how their ideologies cross-fertilise with that of incels and the Manosphere. A Discourse Analysis was carried out using data from Groyper Telegram channels and YouTube clips, and cross-referencing them with gender, sexist, incel and misogynistic far-right terminology. The Groypers gender rhetoric was further analysed through a multi-disciplinary intersectional framework of masculinities, considering the neoliberal reconfiguration of gender and its impact on the working-class. The analysis showed that Christian nationalism mediates the group hateful worldviews and victimhood tropes. Our four categories of analysis also demonstrate the Groypers dangerous levels of hatred towards minorities. As such, the 'America First' movement deep-seated aversion to queer communities makes them stand out within the US conservative movement. An ambivalent but mostly hostile rhetoric of women is also prevalent. Indeed, their misogyny targets mostly feminist and 'childless' women, but an alleged admiration is growing towards...
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What we keep in the shadows: Sex work in Germany during the COVID-19 pandemic
Thurnhofer, Mara-Katharina ; Vostal, Filip (vedoucí práce) ; Kay, Rebecca (oponent)
This dissertation is an account of the struggle of sex workers' community in Germany during the COVID-19 pandemic. The COVID-19 pandemic impacted multiple sectors, one such being sex work. Often considered a taboo subject, sex work received little attention from researchers, especially in Germany. Gaps in research can be found due to limited interaction academics have with sex workers or the agencies that sex workers interact with. For this reason, the objective of the research is to explore the research question of how the COVID-19 pandemic affected multiple forms of (in)securities of sex workers in Germany. As such, the dissertation aims to fill two gaps: First, it seeks give a voice to those who understand the intricacies of the hardships that sex workers face. Second, the German perspective can offer a narrow understanding of the impact of the Covid-19 policies on sex workers. This dissertation prioritises the individual and explores the power relations between the state and a marginalised group such as sex workers. To answer the research question, the dissertation takes a qualitative research approach that uses semi-structured expert interviews to collect primary data. Offering a way to reveal the experiences of a marginalized community, online interviews were conducted with employees of...
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Managing unwanted pregnancies in humanitarian settings. The case of Venezuelan women in Colombia
Trad Malmod, Paula Melissa ; Kay, Rebecca (vedoucí práce) ; Kučera, Tomáš (oponent) ; Schlotti, Jivanta (oponent)
According to UNHCR (2019), from the current 25.9 million refugees worldwide, 48% are women and girls. Gender carries specific vulnerabilities, which can also be traced in humanitarian settings. Particularly, sexual abuse is part of the threats to security that women suffer at every stage of displacement. A study by Lehmann (2002) finds that this "high exposure to frequent, forced and unprotected sex clearly puts refugee women at high risk of unwanted pregnancy", combined with the fact that there is "limited or interrupted access to contraception and little or no access to emergency contraception", or even access to proper information. As a consequence, the UN Population Fund identified that "between 25% and 50% of maternal beds in refugee settings are due to complications of unsafe abortions" (Lehmann, 2002). However, academic research and providers of services, if at all preoccupied with Sexual and Reproductive Health, have focused on contraceptive methods and/or childbirth: the question of ending a pregnancy has long remained a taboo. This study explores policy frameworks for the management of unwanted pregnancies in humanitarian settings, so as to critically address women's health needs in these contexts. It does so by analyzing the core legally-binding documents of International Humanitarian...
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Aggrieved misogynists, Violent Terrorists, or Both: Analysing the Manosphere to Understand Acts of Extremist Violence by Men's Rights Activists
McDonald, Heather Buchanan ; Kay, Rebecca (vedoucí práce) ; Střítecký, Vít (oponent) ; Fitzgerald, James (oponent)
In May 2020, a violent attack in Canada was labelled for the first time as incel terrorism; however, this attack is not the first time incels have been linked to acts of mass violence. Incels are just one subgroup of many amidst the manosphere; an online extension of the contemporary men's rights movement rife with anti-feminism, misogyny, and male supremacy. Increasingly we are witnessing real-world violent attacks by individuals affiliated with subgroups of the manosphere or those who have followed the ideas put forth there. This dissertation aimed to identify how the manosphere can aid us in better understanding of the threat posed by extremist men's rights activists. Therefore, the researcher analysed prominent manosphere websites and subsections of the website Reddit.com to uncover the ideologies and the behaviours driving the contemporary men's rights movement, and if these were reflective of the motives and writings of men's rights activists who had committed acts of mass violence. Key words: anti-feminism, misogyny, men's rights movement, male supremacy, gender- based violence, gender, feminism.
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Multidimensional Analysis of Security Concerns over Immigration: the Case of the United Kingdom
Cherkas, Alina ; Střítecký, Vít (vedoucí práce) ; Fitzgerald, James (oponent) ; Kay, Rebecca (oponent)
2 Abstract Building upon the Paris school of securitisation, this dissertation investigates the relationship between securitised migration and the perception of the European Union in the United Kingdom. Being among the first quantitative studies in the field of security, the work applies various data visualisation techniques and standard quantitative methods to study the phenomenon of migration securitisation in the UK between 2004 and 2018 based on the European Social Survey Data. Extensive exploratory analysis uncovers the existence of a distinct group of people in the UK who perceive both the EU and migration as threats. The analysis also finds stark regional and temporal differences that suggest a certain degree of securitisation of the migration issue in the run-up of the Brexit referendum, which disappears shortly after. Regression analysis using a fixed-effect model provides a reliable estimate of a strong and substantial effect of securitised migration on the perception of the EU. Keywords: Brexit, migration, securitisation, United Kingdom, visualisation, regression analysis.
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Non-Disease Gendered Effects as a Point of Analysis in Pandemic Response: A Comparative Case Study of COVID-19 Response Measures in Canada and New Zealand
Roy-Wright, Leilani ; McDonagh, Ken (vedoucí práce) ; Karásek, Tomáš (oponent) ; Kay, Rebecca (oponent)
The effects of the COVID-19 Pandemic on women extend beyond the disease itself and into the social and economic lives of many. This dissertation takes the form of a comparative case study and delves into the question of how well the response measures enacted in New Zealand and Canada reflect a thorough consideration of the gendered human security outcomes of the measures. As well, it assesses whether gender stakeholders were involved in the decision-making processes around policy and response. The dissertation analyses documents on the response measures and uses an intersectional approach based on criteria from each country's action plan on the Women, Peace, and Security Agenda. Overall, the results show that while mention of gender was present in the documents, it was not overwhelming and there remained many areas where it could have added significantly to the quality of the measures. Likewise, certain areas of the Women, Peace, and Security Agenda were severely underrepresented. Overarching areas of weakness include a lack of emphasis on prevention and relief and recovery. Specific weaknesses include measures that ignore the underlying gender inequity within the home and labour force, the absence of measures to aid sex workers, and a lack of recognition of the gendered dynamics often present in...
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"Smartening" European borders: Are we automating discrimination?
Gyan-Addo, Lawreen Dzifa ; Kay, Rebecca (vedoucí práce) ; Dowd, Caitriona (oponent)
1 "Smartening" European borders: are we automating discrimination? An analysis of the technical and legal idiosyncrasies between the EU's approach to algorithmic discrimination and the organisations' actions in the context of border management. August 2021 UofG: 2486511 DCU: 19109792 Charles: 64314260 Presented in partial fulfilment of the requirements for the Degree of International Master in Security, Intelligence and Strategic Studies Word Count: 20974 Supervisor: Dr. Rebecca Kay Date of Submission: 02 August 2021 2 International Master in Security, Intelligence and Strategic Studies 2019/2021 Dissertation Archive Permission Form I give the University of Glasgow and Charles University permission to archive an e- copy of my Master dissertation in a publicly available folder and to use it for educational purposes in the future. Student Name: LAWREEN GYAN-ADDO Student Number: 2486511 Student Signature: Date: 02/08/2021 3 Abstract Artificial Intelligence, Machine Learning and Big Data technologies are progressively being utilised in various spheres of our lives, demonstrating an ability to interfere with job applications, social media interactions and even judicial proceedings. A novel area of expansion of such technologies is EU border crossings, where the introduction of artificial lie- detectors,...
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The securitization of environmental migration by the European Political Right
Nilsen, Simen Agnalt ; Gaynor, Niamh (vedoucí práce) ; Kay, Rebecca (oponent)
Prevailing assumptions on the environment-migration nexus suggest that environmental change will cause mass migration to the Global North. However, critics point to its poor empirical precision and lack of conceptual clarity (White, 2017; 175) (Boas et al., 2019). Recently, the European political right, often associated with climate skepticism, has increased its engagement with environmental politics. With stronger competition from green parties, numerous news-stories and commentors now speak of the environment as the political right's new "battleground". Yet, few (if any) have systematically and empirically inquired into the intersection between the political right's inclination to securitize immigration and the environment-migration nexus. This study intervenes using securitization theory exploring the extent to which the European political right has securitized environmental migration. The discourse analysis of the conservative right (British Conservative Party) and the far right (Rassemblement National [RN]) between the years 2012-2021, results in a focused discovery indicating an increasing tendency to securitize environmental migration among the political right. This tendency is comparatively stronger among the Conservative Party. The conclusion hypothesizes that the political right will...
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